Learn to impress the locals and how to ask how to say something
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Neha: "Namaste," I'm Neha. and welcome to the Absolute Beginner Series, Lesson 15, Using Hindi to learn Hindi. |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya. In this lesson you'll learn how ask for how things are said in Hindi and also to find the meaning of the unknown Hindi words in English. |
| Neha: The conversation takes place on a bus. |
| Maya: This conversation is between Liz and Megha. |
| Neha: They are friends and so they will be speaking informally with each other. |
| Maya: Let's listen to their conversation. |
| लिज़ (Liz): हिन्दी में "zoo" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "zuu" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार फिर। (kripayaa ek baar phir.) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): शुक्रिया! (sukriyaa!) |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Let's listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| लिज़ (Liz): हिन्दी में "zoo" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "zuu" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार फिर। (kripayaa ek baar phir.) |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): शुक्रिया! (sukriyaa!) |
| Let's listen to the conversation with English translation. |
| लिज़ (Liz): हिन्दी में "zoo" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "zuu" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?) |
| Maya: How do you say "zoo" in Hindi? |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| Maya: चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.) |
| Maya: One more time please. |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| Maya: चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): कृपया एक बार फिर। (kripayaa ek baar phir.) |
| Maya Once again please. |
| मेघा (meghaa): चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| Maya: चिड़ियाघर। (cidiyaaghar.) |
| लिज़ (Liz): शुक्रिया! (sukriyaa!) |
| Maya: Thank you! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Neha: You know, people in India are very impressed when foreigners can speak Hindi! |
| Maya: Yes, even a little bit will be appreciated because Indians love it when they see people trying to learn their language. |
| Neha: I think this is the case in many non-English speaking countries. It shows respect towards their culture and language and most people are fascinated and more than willing to help you along if you just show the initiative. |
| Maya: Sometimes you might even find people eager to practice their English instead. |
| Neha: But actually, in India, most young people can speak English. |
| Maya: That's true! They study in English and even mix English words in their daily conversation. |
| Neha: Sometimes all but a few words in a sentence will be in English. |
| Maya: It's really fascinating and you will notice this even in Bollywood movies where more and more people use English words in their daily conversations. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is: |
| Neha: हिन्दी (hiNDii). |
| Maya: Hindi. |
| Neha: हिन्दी (hiNDii), हिन्दी (hiNDii). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: में (men). |
| Maya: in. |
| Neha: में (men), में (men). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: कैसे (kaiSe). |
| Maya: how. |
| Neha: कैसे (kaiSe), कैसे (kaiSe). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: कहते (kahaTe). |
| Maya: say. |
| Neha: कहते (kahaTe), कहते (kahaTe). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: चिड़ियाघर (cidiyaaghar). |
| Maya: zoo. |
| Neha: चिड़ियाघर (cidiyaaghar), चिड़ियाघर (cidiyaaghar). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: कृपया (kripayaa). |
| Maya: please. |
| Neha: कृपया (kripayaa), कृपया (kripayaa). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: बार (baar). |
| Maya: time. |
| Neha: बार (baar), बार (baar). |
| Maya: Next is: |
| Neha: और (aur). |
| Maya: and/more. |
| Neha: और (aur), और (aur). |
| Maya: Last is: |
| Neha: फिर (phir). |
| Maya: again. |
| Neha: फिर (phir), फिर (phir). |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Neha: Let's now talk about some of these words in more detail. कहते (kahaTe) means "to say" in Hindi and it comes from the verb कहना (kahaNaa). |
| Maya: And like many Hindi verbs, it changes according to the gender and the number of the nouns. So for male singular cases, which means if you are a single male or are talking about a single male, you use... |
| Neha: कहता (kahaTaa). |
| Maya: Let's use this in a sentence. If you are a male speaker and you want to say, "I say," you'd say... |
| Neha: मैं कहता हूँ। (main kahaTaa huun.) |
| Maya: Great. Now, if you are a group of males or are talking about a group of males, then you'd use... |
| Neha: कहते (kahaTe). So, "we say" in Hindi would be हम कहते हैं। (ham kahaTe hain.). |
| Maya: If you are a female, single or many, it doesn't matter, you use कहती (kahaTii). |
| Neha: So, "I say," said by a female speaker is मैं कहती हूँ। (main kahaTii huun.). |
| Maya: So, how would you say, "they say," in Hindi? |
| Neha: Well, "they" is वे and we use the plural for "say," which is कहते (kahaTe). So the sentence would be वे कहते हैं। (ve kahaTe hain.). |
| Maya: Can you all remember? |
| Neha: कहता (kahaTaa), कहते (kahaTe), and कहती (kahaTii). |
| Maya: Great. In the same way, the word "how" also changes according to the gender and the count of the nouns. |
| Neha: Yes, so you'd use कैसा (kaiSaa), कैसे (kaiSe), and कैसी (kaiSii). |
| Maya: कैसा (kaiSe) for addressing a single male subject. |
| Neha: While कैसे (kaiSe) for addressing plural male subjects, and finally... |
| Maya: कैसी (kaiSii) for addressing both singular and plural female subjects. |
Lesson focus |
| Maya: In this lesson, we'll learn to ask for how things are said in Hindi or in English. |
| Neha: Let's start with this useful question. |
| Maya: Neha, how do we say "How do you say [blank] in Hindi?" |
| Neha: हिन्दी में [blank] को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men [blank] ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). Here, हिन्दी (hiNDii) is "Hindi," में (men) is a postposition which means "in," कैसे (kaiSe) means "how," कहते (kahaTe) means "say," and हैं (hain) means "are." |
| Maya: So you're literally asking, "Hindi in [blank] how say are?" which translates as, "How do you say [blank] in Hindi?" |
| Neha: Let's hear an example. |
| Maya: Sure. How would you say, "How do you say "market" in Hindi?" |
| Neha: You'd say, हिन्दी में "market" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "maarket" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). |
| Maya: All you need to do is put in the word that you want to ask after the preposition में (men). Okay, repeat after Neha. |
| Neha: हिन्दी में "market" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "maarket" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). |
| Maya: Okay, another example, "How do you say "mountain" in Hindi?" |
| Neha: हिन्दी में "mountain" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "maauNteN" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). |
| Maya: Great! Listeners, please repeat. |
| Neha: हिन्दी में "mountain" को कैसे कहते हैं? (hiNDii men "maauNteN" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). |
| Maya: By the way, just so you know, "market" in Hindi is बाज़ार (baazaar) and "mountain" is पहाड़ (pahaad). |
| Neha: Now if you want to ask, "How do you say [blank] in English?" you just have to replace the word हिन्दी (hiNDii) with "English," which is अंग्रेज़ी (angrezii). |
| Maya: So, how would you ask, "How do you say फूल in English?" |
| Neha: You'd say, अंग्रेज़ी में "फूल" को कैसे कहते हैं? (angrezii men "phuuL" ko kaiSe kahaTe hain?). |
| Maya: By the way, फूल (phuuL) means "flower." Anyway, moving on. Let's look at some more useful phrases. |
| Neha: Often times, even if you ask what something is in Hindi, you might not catch the Hindi pronunciations and you might have to ask them to repeat it. In such cases you need to say, कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.). |
| Maya: Which just means, "One more time please?" where, कृपया (kripayaa) means "please" and एक बार और (ek baar aur) means "One more time." Please repeat after Neha. |
| Neha: कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.). |
| Neha: Now, they repeat it but you still want to hear it again and you don't want to say "One more time please." in the same way you did before. |
| Maya: Then you can say, "Once again please." which is... |
| Neha: कृपया एक बार फिर। (kripayaa ek baar phir.) where, कृपया (kripayaa) means "please" and एक बार फिर (ek baar phir) means "once more." |
| Maya: कृपया एक बार और। (kripayaa ek baar aur.). |
| Neha: कृपया एक बार फिर। (kripayaa ek baar phir.). where, कृपया (kripayaa) means "please" and एक बार फिर (ek baar phir) means "once more." |
| Maya: Now you can use all these new phrases to ask for how things are said in Hindi. |
| Neha: It's actually fun too because you'll be interacting with others. |
| Maya: And often times you will find that things you learn in conversations stick to your memory easily. |
| Neha: That's all we have for our lesson today. Don't forget to read the lesson notes for more examples and explanations! |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Neha: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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