Learn about using a certain auxiliary verb to make an invitation to a gathering
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 10 - A Hindi Invitation. |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". In this lesson, you’ll learn about invitations in spoken Hindi. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place outside a house. |
| Udita: It’s between two neighbours, who are also friends. |
| Maya: Since they are friends, they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A:अलका, अगले शनिवार को मेरे भाई की मंगनी तै हुई है. तुम अओगीना? (aLkaa, agLe saNivaar ko mere bhaai kii maNgNii Tai huii hai. Tum aaoogiiNaa?) |
| B:अगले शनिवार? हाँ ज़रूर. कौन कौन आ रहा है? (agLe saNivaar? haan zaruur. kauN kauN aa rahaa hai?) |
| A:हमारे करीब के रिश्तेदार - चाचा,चाची, मामा, मामी, मौसी, मौसा, और उनके परिवार, फिर - यहाँ के पड़ोसी, और भैया के और मेरे दोस्त. (hamaare kariib ke risTeDaar - caacaa, caacii, maamaa, maamii, mauSii, mauSaa, aur uNke parivaar, phir yaahaan padoSii, aur bhaiyaa aur mere DoST.) |
| B:अच्छा. मैं बधाई देने ज़रूर आऊंगी. तुम्हारे भाभी के परिवार से कोई नहीं आ रहा? (acchaa. main baDHaaii DeNe zaruur aauuNgii. Tumhaare bhaabhii ke parivaar Se koii Nahiin aa rahaa?) |
| A:अरे हाँ. भाभी की परिवार भी आएगी लेकिन तीन लोग.(are haan, bhaabhi kii parivaar bhi aayegii LekiN Tiin Log.) |
| B:ऐसा क्यूँ? (aiSaa kyun?) |
| A:उनके रिश्तेदार सब कर्णाटक में रहते हैं तो दूरी कुछ ज़्यादा है. (uNke risTeDaar Sab karnaatak mein rahTe hain To Duurii kuch zyaaDaa hai.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A:अलका, अगले शनिवार को मेरे भाई की मंगनी तै हुई है. तुम अओगीना? (aLkaa, agLe saNivaar ko mere bhaai kii maNgNii Tai huii hai. Tum aaoogiiNaa?) |
| B:अगले शनिवार? हाँ ज़रूर. कौन कौन आ रहा है? (agLe saNivaar? haan zaruur. kauN kauN aa rahaa hai?) |
| A:हमारे करीब के रिश्तेदार - चाचा,चाची, मामा, मामी, मौसी, मौसा, और उनके परिवार, फिर - यहाँ के पड़ोसी, और भैया के और मेरे दोस्त. (hamaare kariib ke risTeDaar - caacaa, caacii, maamaa, maamii, mauSii, mauSaa, aur uNke parivaar, phir yaahaan padoSii, aur bhaiyaa aur mere DoST.) |
| B:अच्छा. मैं बधाई देने ज़रूर आऊंगी. तुम्हारे भाभी के परिवार से कोई नहीं आ रहा? (acchaa. main baDHaaii DeNe zaruur aauuNgii. Tumhaare bhaabhii ke parivaar Se koii Nahiin aa rahaa?) |
| A:अरे हाँ. भाभी की परिवार भी आएगी लेकिन तीन लोग.(are haan, bhaabhi kii parivaar bhi aayegii LekiN Tiin Log.) |
| B:ऐसा क्यूँ? (aiSaa kyun?) |
| A:उनके रिश्तेदार सब कर्णाटक में रहते हैं तो दूरी कुछ ज़्यादा है. (uNke risTeDaar Sab karnaatak mein rahTe hain To Duurii kuch zyaaDaa hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A:अलका, अगले शनिवार को मेरे भाई की मंगनी तै हुई है. तुम अओगीना? (aLkaa, agLe saNivaar ko mere bhaai kii maNgNii Tai huii hai. Tum aaoogiiNaa?) |
| A:Alka, my brother's engagement ceremony has been fixed for next Saturday. You can come right? |
| B:अगले शनिवार? हाँ ज़रूर. कौन कौन आ रहा है? (agLe saNivaar? haan zaruur. kauN kauN aa rahaa hai?) |
| B:Next Saturday? Yes, of course I will. Who'll be attending? |
| A:हमारे करीब के रिश्तेदार - चाचा,चाची, मामा, मामी, मौसी, मौसा, और उनके परिवार, फिर - यहाँ के पड़ोसी, और भैया के और मेरे दोस्त. (hamaare kariib ke risTeDaar - caacaa, caacii, maamaa, maamii, mauSii, mauSaa, aur uNke parivaar, phir yaahaan padoSii, aur bhaiyaa aur mere DoST.) |
| A:Our close relatives—uncles, aunts, their families, our neighbors here, and my brother's and my friends. |
| B:अच्छा. मैं बधाई देने ज़रूर आऊंगी. तुम्हारे भाभी के परिवार से कोई नहीं आ रहा? (acchaa. main baDHaaii DeNe zaruur aauuNgii. Tumhaare bhaabhii ke parivaar Se koii Nahiin aa rahaa?) |
| B:Okay. I will definitely go to congratulate him. Your brother's fiance's relatives aren't coming? |
| A:अरे हाँ. भाभी की परिवार भी आएगी लेकिन तीन लोग.(are haan, bhaabhi kii parivaar bhi aayegii LekiN Tiin Log.) |
| A:Oh yes, they're coming too but only three of them. |
| B:ऐसा क्यूँ? (aiSaa kyun?) |
| B:Why is that? |
| A:उनके रिश्तेदार सब कर्णाटक में रहते हैं तो दूरी कुछ ज़्यादा है. (uNke risTeDaar Sab karnaatak mein rahTe hain To Duurii kuch zyaaDaa hai.) |
| A:Their relatives live in Karnataka so the distance is too great to make the trip. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: The Hindi language seems to have a lot of words for describing family relations. |
| Udita: That’s true. This has to do with Indian families and how relations work. |
| Maya: I’ve heard about how families are very big and people all live together with their parents and grandparents. |
| Udita: Yes, there are a lot of extended families. In the past these were more common, but nowadays there is mix of both. But even in smaller families, relatives are very important. Every relative has a different name. So if your uncle is your mother’s brother, it’s different from your father’s brother. |
| Maya: Okay, so the names for the relation are different if you are related on your father’s side, or your mother’s side, or through marriage, right? |
| Udita: Yes, but there are also different names depending on whether they are older or younger than your father. |
| Maya: Lots of categories there! |
| Udita: Yes, there are! But surprisingly, when it comes to the term ‘cousin’ there is no equivalent for that word in Hindi. Your siblings and cousins are both called brother or sister, and then distinguished by their given names and rank by age. |
| Maya: And being ranked by age, means that you would refer to people as “eldest aunt”, “youngest brother” depending on the order of siblings. |
| Udita: The oldest sister, uncles, aunt or the oldest of any relation is usually called “badaa” or “badii” which means “big” or “eldest”. So your father’s oldest sister, is your “badii buaa”. |
| Maya: Yes, and the older someone is, the more respect and authority they generally have, within a family. Age is quite important - you are expected to always show respect to those older than you. |
| Udita: Yes, always, whether you live with your parents, their siblings and parents, or just on your own. |
| Maya: In India, the family unit is the most important unit of identity and function for most individuals. Family always comes first. Ok, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Udita: शनिवार (saNivaar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Saturday |
| Udita: शनिवार (saNivaar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: शनिवार (saNivaar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: भाई (bhaai) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: brother |
| Udita: भाई (bhaai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भाई (bhaai) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मंगनी (maNgNii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: engagement ceremony |
| Udita: मंगनी (maNgNii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मंगनी (maNgNii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: करीब (Karib) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: close, near |
| Udita: करीब (Karib) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: करीब (Karib) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: रिश्तेदार (risTeDaar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: relative, relatives |
| Udita: रिश्तेदार (risTeDaar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रिश्तेदार (risTeDaar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पड़ोसी (padoSii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: neighbor(s) |
| Udita: पड़ोसी (padoSii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पड़ोसी (padoSii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बधाई (baDhaaii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: congratulations, greetings |
| Udita: बधाई (baDhaaii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बधाई (baDhaaii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: ऐसा (aiSaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: like this, such + noun |
| Udita: ऐसा (aiSaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ऐसा (aiSaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: दूरी (Duurii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: far-ness, distance |
| Udita: दूरी (Duurii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दूरी (Duurii) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: The first word is “risTeDaar”. This is a noun which means “relatives”. |
| Maya: This covers everyone outside your immediate family, which is your “parivaar”. |
| Udita: Let’s go through some of these relations that come up in Hindi. Parents? |
| Maya: “Mother” is “maa” or “mammii”. That is what you would directly call your mother. There are other words for how you could refer to a mother. |
| Udita: The same is true for father, but you would call him “paapaa” or “piTaajii”. |
| Maya: Next is your spouse. They would be “paTi” which is husband, or “paTNii” which is wife. |
| Udita: Your children are “betaa” for “son”, and “betii” for daughter. |
| Maya: Now for siblings, the terms are different depending on age. If they are older than you, your brother is “bhaiyaa”, your sister is “DiiDii”. If they are younger, then you can call them “bhaaii” for brother, and “bahaN” for sister. But if they are younger than you, you normally call them by their name only. |
| Udita: To go a little further, siblings’ spouses also have specific names. Your brother’s wife is “bhaabhii”, and your sister’s husband is “jiijaa”. |
| Maya: And then you have grandparents. Now, the terms here are different for your mother’s parents, and your father’s. |
| Udita: Right, so your mother’s father is “NaaNaa”, and her mother is “NaaNii”. Your father’s father is “DaaDaa” and his mother is “DaaDii”. |
| Maya: Then we come to the relatives. Some families in India would have all these people living under one roof too, so it is quite important to know the different names. Usually, in Indian extended families, you’d be living with your father’s side of the family. |
| Udita: So let’s start with them. Your father’s brothers or cousins - if they are younger than he is - are “caacaa”, and their wives are “caacii” to you. |
| Maya: If your father’s brother is older than him, you will call him “Taayaa” and his wife “Taayii”. |
| Udita: Your father’s sisters are all “buaa”, and their husbands are “phuuphaa” to you. |
| Maya: The words for your mother’s siblings are much simpler, because it doesn’t matter who is younger or older. Her brothers and male cousins are all “maamaa”. Their wives are “maamii”. |
| Udita: Your mother’s sisters are called “mauSii”. Mausii’s husbands are called “mauSaa”. And that’s the basic list of family members. |
| Maya: So far, these are classified by age, gender and relation to you. What if there are many uncles or aunts or others? |
| Udita: They can separated by name, so your uncle may be called “Babloomaamaa” if his name is Babloo. And then sometimes you say “badii mauSii” and “chotii mauSii” to mean “elder aunt”, “younger aunt”. |
| Maya: Okay got it! Now let’s look at the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the present continuous verb tense, such as “aa rahe hain”, which means “is coming”. |
| Udita: We’ve touched on this previously, so let’s look more closely at it. |
| Maya: Any verb plus “rahe” makes it continuous. “rahe hai” is present continuous. |
| Udita: The verb is in infinitive, but doesn’t have the “-Naa” ending, like in “aa rahe hai” for the verb “aaNaa” meaning “to come”. |
| Maya: The masculine form is “rahaa hai”, the feminine is “rahii hai”, and the plural is “rahe hai”. Let’s try with some more verbs. |
| Udita: Okay, so “vo jaa rahaa hai” means “He is going”. “Vo khaa rahii hai” means “She is eating.” |
| Maya: Yes, and “ve pii rahe hain” will mean “They are drinking”. The “hai” changes to “huun” when talking about self. |
| Udita: If I were going away tomorrow, I would say in Hindi “main kaL jaa rahaa huun.” |
| Maya: Exactly. And there are some other modifications. If “hai” or “huun” is changed to “hoNge”, it will become a prediction or a guess. |
| Udita: So for a male “rahaa hogaa”, for a female “rahii hogii” and for plural or formal forms, it’s “rahe hoNge”. It’s the same for talking about yourself. |
| Maya: For example, “mauSii ab So rahii hogii”. This means “Aunt - (mother’s sister) must be sleeping at this time”. |
| Udita: This can be guessing about the present or present continuous. |
| Maya: This tense can also be changed easily to past continuous by adding ‘THaa’, ‘THii’ or ‘THe’. जा रहे थे ‘jaa rahe THe’ means “was” or “were going”. |
| Udita: If you were to say “They were singing very loudly” in Hindi, that would be “Vo bahuT zor Se gaaNaa gaa rahe THe.” |
| Maya: Right. Now in the conversation we heard, the sentence used was “kauN kauN aa rahaa hai?” This means “who’ll be attending?” |
| Udita: It’s in the singular form, because “kauN kauN” means “who”, but individually. So for each person who is coming to the ceremony in the conversation, the verb is “aa rahaa hai”. |
Outro |
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Also, please leave us a comment at HindiPod101.com saying “I am learning Hindi”, in Hindi. |
| Maya: Thanks for listening. Until next time - aLviDaa! |
| Udita: “Sukriyaa aur aLviDaa!” |
Comments
Hide