Learn about using the simple future tense in the third person
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 14 - Taking the Train in India |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". In this lesson, you’ll learn how to inquire about train arrival times at the station and about the future tense. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on the platform at the train station. |
| Udita: It’s between A and B, who are strangers. B is a railway employee. |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, the speakers will be using Polite Hindi. |
| Udita: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A:दिल्ली से पटना की ट्रेन कब आएगी? (DiLLii Se patNaa kii treN kab aaegii?) |
| B:अभी आने में आधा घंटा है. (abhii aaNe mein aaDHaa ghaNtaa hai.) |
| A:इस ही प्लेटफार्म पे आएगी ना? (iS hii plaitfaurm pe aaegii Naa?) |
| B:हाँजी आप यहीं इंतज़ार कीजिए. (haanjii aap yahiin iNTazaar kiijie.) |
| A:वैसे उस बीच एक फ़ोन करके आना था बूथ से, लेकिन जल्दी आ गयी तो छूटनी नहीं चाहिए. (vaiSe uS biich ek foN karke aaNaa THaa buuTH Se, lekiN jaLDii aa gayii To chuutNii Nahiin caahie.) |
| B:जल्दी नहीं आती, और थोड़ी देर तो रुकेगी. आप शान्ति से फ़ोन कर आइए. (jaLDii Nahiin aaTii, aur THodii Der To ruukegii. aap saaNTi Se foN kar aaie.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A:दिल्ली से पटना की ट्रेन कब आएगी? (DiLLii Se patNaa kii treN kab aaegii?) |
| B:अभी आने में आधा घंटा है. (abhii aaNe mein aaDHaa ghaNtaa hai.) |
| A:इस ही प्लेटफार्म पे आएगी ना? (iS hii plaitfaurm pe aaegii Naa?) |
| B:हाँजी आप यहीं इंतज़ार कीजिए. (haanjii aap yahiin iNTazaar kiijie.) |
| A:वैसे उस बीच एक फ़ोन करके आना था बूथ से, लेकिन जल्दी आ गयी तो छूटनी नहीं चाहिए. (vaiSe uS biich ek foN karke aaNaa THaa buuTH Se, lekiN jaLDii aa gayii To chuutNii Nahiin caahie.) |
| B:जल्दी नहीं आती, और थोड़ी देर तो रुकेगी. आप शान्ति से फ़ोन कर आइए. (jaLDii Nahiin aaTii, aur THodii Der To ruukegii. aap saaNTi Se foN kar aaie.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A:दिल्ली से पटना की ट्रेन कब आएगी? (DiLLii Se patNaa kii treN kab aaegii?) |
| A: When will the train for Delhi to Patna arrive? |
| B:अभी आने में आधा घंटा है. (abhii aaNe mein aaDHaa ghaNtaa hai.) |
| B: There's a half hour to go before it gets here. |
| A:इस ही प्लेटफार्म पे आएगी ना? (iS hii plaitfaurm pe aaegii Naa?) |
| A: It will arrive on this platform, right? |
| B:हाँजी आप यहीं इंतज़ार कीजिए. (haanjii aap yahiin iNTazaar kiijie.) |
| B: Yes, you can wait here for it. |
| A:वैसे उस बीच एक फ़ोन करके आना था बूथ से, लेकिन जल्दी आ गयी तो छूटनी नहीं चाहिए. (vaiSe uS biich ek foN karke aaNaa THaa buuTH Se, lekiN jaLDii aa gayii To chuutNii Nahiin caahie.) |
| A: Well, I need to go make a phone call at the booth, but if it's early I don't want to miss the train. |
| B:जल्दी नहीं आती, और थोड़ी देर तो रुकेगी. आप शान्ति से फ़ोन कर आइए. (jaLDii Nahiin aaTii, aur THodii Der To ruukegii. aap saaNTi Se foN kar aaie.) |
| B: It won't be early, and even so, it will wait for a while at least. So you can go and make your call with ease. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: It’s a lot of fun travelling by trains in India, isn’t it? |
| Udita: Yes, especially if you’re travelling in a big group. People seem to have so much fun on the long train rides, playing games and singing songs to pass the time! |
| Maya: Even if you’re travelling alone, it’s always an interesting ride. The train lines connect cities and towns across the country, and cut through the rural areas, so the view can be quite an experience. |
| Udita: Yes, the trains go from metropolitan cities, through remote villages, to small towns. They often pass right by farmlands, through mountains, and as you go along, you get to see very different scenes and views out the window. |
| Maya: The Indian train system is one of the most extensive domestic train networks. |
| Udita: Unfortunately, sometimes the trains can be stuck between stations for a while, and there can be long delays in arrivals or departures. |
| Maya: Yes, they are infamous for delays, and don’t always stick to the schedule. So the long train ride can get longer sometimes. |
| Udita: I guess it’s good that the city metros are not the same. They follow a schedule and work quite efficiently. |
| Maya: That’s true, many people use the metro system in cities like Delhi and Kolkata for the daily commute. |
| Udita: Well, in Mumbai the local trains substitute for the metro, and fortunately these are on time as well. People travel from localities outside Mumbai on these trains every day to go to work, or to college. |
| Maya: Ok, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: घंटा (ghaNtaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: hour |
| Udita: घंटा (ghaNtaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घंटा (ghaNtaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: इंतज़ार (iNTazaar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: wait |
| Udita: इंतज़ार (iNTazaar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: इंतज़ार (iNTazaar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: वैसे (vaiSe) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: like that, by the way |
| Udita: वैसे (vaiSe) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: वैसे (vaiSe) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बीच (biic) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: in the middle, in between |
| Udita: बीच (biic) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बीच (biic) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: छूटना (chuutNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to miss (transportation) |
| Udita: छूटना (chuutNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: छूटना (chuutNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: रुकना (ruukNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to stop, to wait |
| Udita: रुकना (ruukNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रुकना (ruukNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: शान्ती (saaNTii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: peace |
| Udita: शान्ती (saaNTii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: शान्ती (saaNTii) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: The first word is ‘वैसे vaiSe’ which literally means ‘like that’. The singular masculine form is ‘वैसा vaiSaa’ and the singular feminine form is “वैसी vaiSii”, and ‘vaiSe’ is used for plural. |
| Maya: ‘वैसे vaiSe’ is also used in different ways in regular speech. People often say “वैसे vaiSe” to mean ‘by the way’. |
| Udita: For example you could say ‘वैसे अगली क्रिकेट मैच कहाँ है? vaiSe agLii krikat maic kahaan hai?’ |
| Maya: This means “Where is the next cricket match, by the way?” |
| Udita: There is another usage in regular speech as well. People often say “वैसे तो vaiSe To” followed by ‘लेकिन LekiN’ to mean “although”. Let’s try an example.‘वैसे तो मैं गाती नहीं लेकिन आपके लिए गाना गाऊँगी vaiSe To main gaaTii Nahiin LekiN aapke Lie ek gaaNaa gaaungii’. |
| Maya: This means “Although I don’t really sing much, I will sing one song for you.” |
| Udita: Next is ‘ बीच biic’, which means “between” or “middle”. This is used for both time and place. |
| Maya: The particles ‘ka/ki/ke’ come before the word ‘biic’, and ‘mein’ follows it, in most cases. Since the order in Hindi is opposite to that of English, to say “in the middle of” in Hindi we would say “के बीच में ke biic mein” which literally is “of middle in”. This can also mean “in between”. |
| Udita: Yes, this is true except when using pronouns where ‘ka/ki/ke’ is not needed, as we learned earlier. |
| Maya: Another usage of ‘biic’ is to mean “during”. For example ‘नाटक के बीच में Naatak ke biic mein’ could mean “in the middle of the play” or “during the play”. |
| Udita: The next is a verb that means “to stop”. This is “रुकना rukNaa”, which is a verb used only for subjects stopping themselves. |
| Maya: It is not used for a subject stopping an object. So you can use it in the case of “the bus stopped” but not for “the driver stopped the bus”. |
| Udita: Yes this would be “बस रुक गयी baS ruk gayii”. Also when used in present perfect or past perfect tenses, it can both mean ‘to stop’ and ‘to be parked’ or ‘standing still’. |
| Maya: Ok, now let’s take a look at the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Udita: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the simple future tense in the third person. |
| Maya: The future tense in the first person has the verb ending “uNgaa/uNgii/eNge”, as we’ve explained in the previous series. In the third person, the verb ending is different. |
| Udita: In the singular masculine form, the ending is ‘egaa’. If we take the verb “आना aaNaa” which means ‘to come’, the verb will change to “आएगा aaegaa” in this form. |
| Maya: In the singular feminine form, the ending is ‘egii’ so the word will be ‘आएगी |
| aaegii’. |
| Udita: In the plural form, the ending is ‘eNge’, so the word becomes “आएँगे aaeNge”. |
| Maya: The ‘Naa’ is removed from the infinitive form and the verb root is simply joined to the verb ending. |
| Udita: However, if the verb root ends in a consonant, then an ‘e’ sound is added to the verb root before the verb ending. |
| Maya: For example in the verb ‘गिरना girNaa’, the verb root is ‘gir’, and so in the singular masculine future tense it will become ‘गिरेगा giregaa’. |
| Udita: The exception to these rules are the special verbs ‘होना hoNaa’ meaning “to do”, ‘लेना LeNaa’ meaning “to take”, and ‘देना DeNaa’ meaning “to give”. For these three verbs, the future tense verb endings are ‘gaa/gii’ in the singular forms. So ‘होना hoNaa’ becomes ‘होगा hogaa’ or ‘होगी hogii’. |
| Maya: The plural is ‘होंगे hoNge’, for ‘लेना LeNaa’ it is ‘लेंगे LeNge’ and similarly for ‘देना DeNaa’, it is ‘देंगे DeNge’. |
| Udita: Ok, let’s try some examples then! |
| Maya: Sure thing. What’s the plural future tense of ‘जाना jaaNaa’, meaning “to go”? |
| Udita: ‘जाएंगे jaaeNge’. |
| Maya: Right! And how would you say “She will go home tomorrow”? |
| Udita: “Home” is ‘घर ghar’ and ‘tomorrow’ is “कल kaL”. So she’d say “वो कल घर जाएगी vo kaL ghar jaaegii”. |
| Maya: And the negative just places the word ‘नहीं Nahiin’, meaning “no” or “not”, before the verb in the future tense. So “He won’t dance” in Hindi is “वो नहीं नाचेगा Vo Nahiin naacegaa”. |
| Udita: Right! One thing to keep in mind is that in the Polite Level, the plural is used for singulars as well. Let’s try one as an example. |
| Maya: Yes, let’s try saying “ Will he eat?” and “Will she eat?” in all levels of formality. |
| Udita: In the Polite Level, it will be the same for the male and female forms - “क्या वो खाएंगे? Kya vo khaaeNge?” |
| Maya: Right. The Familiar and Intimate levels are both the same for the singular forms, so “Will he eat?” is “क्या वो खाएगा? kyaa vo khaaegaa?” “Will she eat?” is “क्या वो खाएगी? Kyaa vo khaaegii?” |
| Udita: Yes. Now for the second person. The Polite Level verb ending is the same as in the third person- eNge. Singular masculine uses the verb ending “oge” and singular feminine uses “ogii”. This is true for all verbs except ‘LeNaa’ and ‘DeNaa’. |
| Maya: ‘LeNaa’ has the verb root “ले Le” but it becomes “लोगे Loge” or “लोगी Logii”, and ‘DeNaa’ becomes “दोगे Doge” or दोगी Dogii”. |
| Udita: You can use this to say “What will you have?” in this way ‘आप क्या लेंगे? Aap kyaa Lenge?’ in the Polite Level, and ‘तुम क्या लोगे? Tum kyaa Loge?’ in the Familiar level singular masculine. |
| Maya: In the conversation, we heard this tense used for the train arrival. ‘Train’ is a feminine noun, which is why A asks “ट्रेन कब आएगी? Train kab aaegii?” which means “When will the train arrive?” |
Outro |
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for many more examples! |
| Udita: Also, try saying this in Hindi for practice “When will your brother come here?” |
| Maya: Thanks for listening. Sukriyaa! |
| Udita: Until next time! Phir miLeNge!” |
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