Learn how to indicate choice using ke Liye meaning "for"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 2 - Going on a Shopping Trip in India |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to distinguish between objects and categories, and indicate choice using ‘ke Lie’, which means “for”. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at a local grocery store. |
| Udita: The conversation is between a customer and the store’s shopkeeper, who are strangers. |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, the speakers will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Customer: भैया, क्या आपके पास डेटॉल का साबुन है? (bhaiyaa, kyaa aapake paaS detauL kaa SaabuN hai?) |
| Shopkeeper: हाँ, बिलकुल है। नहाने के लिए, बालों के लिए, या फिर हाथों का साबुन चाहिए? (haan, biLkuL hai. NahaaNe ke Liye, baaLon ke Liye, yaa phir haaTHon kaa Sabun caahiye?) |
| Customer:हाथ धोने के लिए. बड़ा वाला कितने का है? (haaTH DHoNe ke Lie. badaa vaaLaa kiTNe kaa hai?) |
| Shopkeeper:बड़ा बोतल सत्तर रुपये. (badaa boTaL SaTTar rupiye.) |
| Customer: और छोटे वाले के लिए कितना? (aur chote vaLe ke Lie kiTNaa?) |
| Shopkeeper:चालीस रुपये की है। (caaLiiS rupaye kii hai.) |
| Customer:ठीक है, छोटा वाला दे दीजिये. (thiik hai, chotaa vaaLaa De Diijiye.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| Customer: भैया, क्या आपके पास डेटॉल का साबुन है? (bhaiyaa, kyaa aapake paaS detauL kaa SaabuN hai?) |
| Shopkeeper: हाँ, बिलकुल है। नहाने के लिए, बालों के लिए, या फिर हाथों का साबुन चाहिए? (haan, biLkuL hai. NahaaNe ke Liye, baaLon ke Liye, yaa phir haaTHon kaa Sabun caahiye?) |
| Customer:हाथ धोने के लिए. बड़ा वाला कितने का है? (haaTH DHoNe ke Lie. badaa vaaLaa kiTNe kaa hai?) |
| Shopkeeper:बड़ा बोतल सत्तर रुपये. (badaa boTaL SaTTar rupiye.) |
| Customer: और छोटे वाले के लिए कितना? (aur chote vaLe ke Lie kiTNaa?) |
| Shopkeeper:चालीस रुपये की है। (caaLiiS rupaye kii hai.) |
| Customer:ठीक है, छोटा वाला दे दीजिये. (thiik hai, chotaa vaaLaa De Diijiye.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Customer: भैया, क्या आपके पास डेटॉल का साबुन है? (bhaiyaa, kyaa aapake paaS detauL kaa SaabuN hai?) |
| Customer: Bhaiya, do you have Dettol soap? |
| Shopkeeper: हाँ, बिलकुल है। नहाने के लिए, बालों के लिए, या फिर हाथों का साबुन चाहिए? (haan, biLkuL hai. NahaaNe ke Liye, baaLon ke Liye, yaa phir haaTHon kaa Sabun caahiye?) |
| Shopkeeper: Yes definitely. Body soap, shampoo or hand soap? |
| Customer:हाथ धोने के लिए. बड़ा वाला कितने का है? (haaTH DHoNe ke Lie. badaa vaaLaa kiTNe kaa hai?) |
| Customer: Hand soap, please. How much for the big one? |
| Shopkeeper:बड़ा बोतल सत्तर रुपये. (badaa boTaL SaTTar rupiye.) |
| Shopkeeper: A big bottle is 70 rupees. |
| Customer: और छोटे वाले के लिए कितना? (aur chote vaLe ke Lie kiTNaa?) |
| Customer: And how much for the small one? |
| Shopkeeper:चालीस रुपये की है। (caaLiiS rupaye kii hai.) |
| Shopkeeper: It's 40 rupees. |
| Customer:ठीक है, छोटा वाला दे दीजिये. (thiik hai, chotaa vaaLaa De Diijiye.) |
| Customer: Okay, I'll take the small one. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Listeners, did you know that there aren’t very many supermarkets in India? |
| Udita: That’s right, people generally go to small grocery stores in their local area. These are small private businesses. |
| Maya: That’s right! So instead of walking down aisles and picking up groceries, customers ask the storekeeper for the goods they want. |
| Udita: Yes it’s quite interesting. These small private businesses are in every neighbourhood. |
| Maya: And often, the store owners have great relationships with their regular customers. In a neighbourhood, every family usually knows the grocery store owner really well. |
| Udita: So basically, you are buying groceries from a neighbour you know quite well, who you can trust. |
| Maya: Right. In fact, customers often buy goods on credit. The shopkeeper writes down the purchase under their name in his books, and they can pay him when it’s convenient. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Maya: The first word we shall see is. |
| Udita: साबुन (SabuN) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Soap. |
| Udita: साबुन (SabuN) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: साबुन (SabuN) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: बिल्कुल (biLkuL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Completely. |
| Udita: बिल्कुल (biLkuL) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बिल्कुल (biLkuL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: बालों (baaLon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Hair (plural). |
| Udita: बालों (baaLon) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बालों (baaLon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: या फिर (yaa phir) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Or. |
| Udita: या फिर (yaa phir) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: या फिर (yaa phir) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: हाथों (haaTHon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Hands. |
| Udita: हाथों (haaTHon) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हाथों (haaTHon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: धोना (DHoNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: To wash. |
| Udita: धोना (DHoNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: धोना (DHoNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: बड़ा वाला (badaa vaaLaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: The big one. |
| Udita: बड़ा वाला (badaa vaaLaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बड़ा वाला (badaa vaaLaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: बोतल (boTaL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Bottle. |
| Udita: बोतल (boTaL) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बोतल (boTaL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next. |
| Udita: सत्तर (SaTTar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Seventy. |
| Udita: सत्तर (SaTTar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सत्तर (SaTTar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: And last. |
| Udita: चालीस (caaLiiS) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Forty. |
| Udita: चालीस (caaLiiS) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: चालीस (caaLiiS) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases for this lesson. |
| Udita: First we have ‘badaa’. This word means “big”, but it can also mean “bigger”. |
| Maya: So if you say “yah badaa hai?” that could mean “this is big”, or “this is bigger”. |
| Udita: The feminine form of the word is ‘badii’. |
| Maya: This word is combined with ‘vaaLaa’ like in the conversation we heard, to mean “the big one”. The feminine form is ‘vaaLii’ |
| Udita: That would be when you’re pointing out an object maybe, or you are trying to distinguish nouns. In the conversation, the customer used this to select the bigger bottle of hand soap. |
| Maya: Yes. In the same way, to say “biggest”, you would add the words सबसे (SabaSe). सबसे बड़ा (SabaSe badaa) means “the biggest”. |
| Udita: There are some similar adjectives that you can use in the same way. The opposite of बड़ा (badaa) is छोटा (chotaa) or छोटी (chotii), meaning ‘small’. Some other words are पतला (paTaLaa) or पतली (paTaLii) which means “skinny” or “thin”, and मोटा (motaa) or मोटी (motii) which mean “wide, fat, thick, broad”. |
| Maya: Right, so you could use these to choose between options. For example, पतली वाली गली (paTaLii vaaLii gaLii) means “the narrow street”. |
| Udita: If I was talking and pointing out a small bicycle, I would call it छोटी वाली साइकिल (chotii vaaLii SaaikiL). |
| Maya: The next word is या फिर (yaa phir) which is a phrase that functions like the conjunction ‘or’ in English. Now या (yaa) alone can be used when the choices are similar. When offering a different alternative, we’d say या फिर (yaa phir). |
| Udita: In discussing colours, you could say लाल या हरा (LaaL yaa haraa) to mean “red or green”. This is because the choices are similar. |
| Maya: But when the choices are more different, या फिर (yaa phir) functions as “or”. |
| Udita: If I wanted to ask you what you would like to do between going home and watching a movie, I’d say तुम घर जाओगे या फिर फ़िल्मे देखने चलोगे? (Tum ghar jaaoge yaa phir fiLm DekhaNe caLoge?” That means “Are you going home or would you like to go watch a movie?” |
| Maya: Right, so you could state the first option first. Then you say या फिर (yaa phir) and offer an alternative. |
| Udita: Ok, let’s move to the grammar now. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Udita: In this lesson, you’ll learn about using the phrase के लिए (ke Liye) which means “for”. |
| Maya: के लिए (ke Liye) is used like the preposition “for” in English with both nouns and verbs. |
| Udita: के लिए (ke Liye) comes after the noun or verb it refers to, so to say “for noun” in Hindi, it will be “noun के लिए (ke Liye)”. |
| Maya: So if I want to say “for the morning” I would say सुबह के लिए (Subah ke Liye). |
| Udita: Now if the noun ends with an आ (aa) vowel sound, the ending sound is changed to ए (e) and then के लिए (ke Liye) is added. For example, with अंडा (andaa) which means “egg”, to say “for the egg” you would say अंडे के लिए (ande ke Liye). |
| Maya: If the noun is a plural, there is a change as well. An - ओं (-on) sound is added to the end and then followed by के लिए (ke Liye). For example, सर्दी के लिए (SarDii ke Liye) means “for winter” but सर्दियों के लिए (SarDiiyon ke Liye) means “for winters”. |
| Udita: This came up in the conversation we heard earlier. The shopkeeper said बालों के लिए (baaLon ke Liye) which means “for hair” and obviously “hair” is plural. |
| Maya: Now when you are using this word after verbs, the verb ending has to change. The verb ending becomes -ने (-Ne). So let’s say we’re talking about drinking water. We’d say पीने के लिए (piiNe ke Liye) which means “for drinking”. |
| Udita: Right. Now even though के लिए (ke Liye) means “for”, it is also used on other occasions in Hindi. |
| Maya: Yes, it’s used to explain the purpose as well. So let’s say you wanted to say “We have come here to travel.” You would say that using के लिए (ke Liye). |
| Udita: That would be हम यहाँ घूमने के लिए आये हैं (ham yahaan ghuumaNe ke Liye aaye hain). |
| Maya: Yes, exactly, and in this sentence घूमने के लिए (ghuumaNe ke Liye) means “to travel”. |
| Udita: There is one big exception for some specific pronouns. The pronoun changes and is joined to लिए (Liye). So मैं (main) means “I” but to say “for me” the phrase used is मेरे लिए (mere Liye) where के (ke) is not needed. |
| Maya: What other pronouns does this apply to? |
| Udita: For ‘ham’ which means “us,” and the informal “you” which is ‘Tum’. “For us” will be ‘hamaare Lie’, and “for you” will be ‘Tumhaare Lie’. |
| Maya: Apart from these, the use of के लिए (ke Liye) is the same for all genders and nouns or verbs. |
| Udita: That’s right. |
Outro |
| Udita Well, I hope you enjoyed this lesson, everyone. |
| Maya: Be sure to check out the lesson notes for more examples. Thanks for listening! Till next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और अलविदा! (sukriyaa aur aLaviDaa!) |
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