Learn how to use future tense to make requests
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya:“Namaste”, I’m Maya. Welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Lesson 20 - Getting Directions in Hindi. |
| Udita:“Namaste”, I’m “Udita”. In this lesson you’ll learn how to ask and understand directions in Hindi. |
| Maya:The conversation takes place on the road. |
| Udita:The conversation is between strangers on the street. One of them is the older man. |
| Maya:Since they are strangers, the speakers will be speaking formal Polite Hindi. |
| Udita:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A:अंकल ज़रा यहाँ से शिव मंदिर तक का रस्ता बताएंगे? (ankaL zaraa yahaan Se siv maNDir Tak kaa raSTaa baTaaeNge?) |
| B:हाँ बिलकुल. वो बड़े शिवजी की मूर्ती जहाँ है ना? (haan biLkuL. vo bade sivjii kii murTii jahaan hai Naa?) |
| A:हाँजी, सफ़ेद रंग की बड़ी सी मूर्ती. (haanji, SafeD raNg kii badii Sii murTii.) |
| B:आप पैदल जा रहे हैं? (aap paiDaL jaa rahe hain?) |
| A:नहीं गाड़ी वहाँ पीछे रोकी हुई है. (Nahiin gaadii vahaan piiche rokii huii hai.) |
| B:अच्छा, तो फिर पीछे से निकलकर दायें जाइए, सीधे जाके पहली मोढ़ पे फिर दायें लीजिए, और वहाँ से दुसरे रेड लाइट पे बायें. आगे शिव मंदिर मिलेगी (acchaa, To phir piiche Se NikaLkar Daayen jaaie, SiiDHe jaake pahLii morh pe phir daayen Liijie, aur vahaan Se DuSre red Laait pe baayen. aage siv maNdir miLegii.) |
| A:धन्यवाद. (DHaNyavaaD.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A:अंकल ज़रा यहाँ से शिव मंदिर तक का रस्ता बताएंगे? (ankaL zaraa yahaan Se siv maNDir Tak kaa raSTaa baTaaeNge?) |
| B:हाँ बिलकुल. वो बड़े शिवजी की मूर्ती जहाँ है ना? (haan biLkuL. vo bade sivjii kii murTii jahaan hai Naa?) |
| A:हाँजी, सफ़ेद रंग की बड़ी सी मूर्ती. (haanji, SafeD raNg kii badii Sii murTii.) |
| B:आप पैदल जा रहे हैं? (aap paiDaL jaa rahe hain?) |
| A:नहीं गाड़ी वहाँ पीछे रोकी हुई है. (Nahiin gaadii vahaan piiche rokii huii hai.) |
| B:अच्छा, तो फिर पीछे से निकलकर दायें जाइए, सीधे जाके पहली मोढ़ पे फिर दायें लीजिए, और वहाँ से दुसरे रेड लाइट पे बायें. आगे शिव मंदिर मिलेगी (acchaa, To phir piiche Se NikaLkar Daayen jaaie, SiiDHe jaake pahLii morh pe phir daayen Liijie, aur vahaan Se DuSre red Laait pe baayen. aage siv maNdir miLegii.) |
| A:धन्यवाद. (DHaNyavaaD.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A:अंकल ज़रा यहाँ से शिव मंदिर तक का रस्ता बताएंगे? (ankaL zaraa yahaan Se siv maNDir Tak kaa raSTaa baTaaeNge?) |
| A: Uncle, could you please tell us the way to the Shiv Temple? |
| B:हाँ बिलकुल. वो बड़े शिवजी की मूर्ती जहाँ है ना? (haan biLkuL. vo bade sivjii kii murTii jahaan hai Naa?) |
| B: Yes, of course. The one with the big statue, right? |
| A:हाँजी, सफ़ेद रंग की बड़ी सी मूर्ती. (haanji, SafeD raNg kii badii Sii murTii.) |
| A: Yes, the big white statue. |
| B:आप पैदल जा रहे हैं? (aap paiDaL jaa rahe hain?) |
| B: Are you walking there? |
| A:नहीं गाड़ी वहाँ पीछे रोकी हुई है. (Nahiin gaadii vahaan piiche rokii huii hai.) |
| A: No, the car is parked back there. |
| B:अच्छा, तो फिर पीछे से निकलकर दायें जाइए, सीधे जाके पहली मोढ़ पे फिर दायें लीजिए, और वहाँ से दुसरे रेड लाइट पे बायें. आगे शिव मंदिर मिलेगी (acchaa, To phir piiche Se NikaLkar Daayen jaaie, SiiDHe jaake pahLii morh pe phir daayen Liijie, aur vahaan Se DuSre red Laait pe baayen. aage siv maNdir miLegii.) |
| B: Okay, then back it out from the street and turn right. Go straight and turn right again at the first crossing, and then take a left at the next traffic signal. You'll find the temple straight ahead. |
| A:धन्यवाद. (DHaNyavaaD.) |
| A: Thank you. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya:Let’s talk about religion for a bit. As we know India is home to many religions. |
| Udita:Right, the Indian population is very diverse in its religions. Hinduism is of course the majority religion. There are many religions that have co-existed on the Indian subcontinent for centuries. |
| Maya:The other religions, by order of population size, are Islam, Christianity, Sikhism and Buddhism. In fact, the last two of those originated in India. |
| Udita:That’s right, and the holiest site for Sikhism is in the state of Punjab. It is the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the most famous Sikh place of worship. |
| Maya:A Sikh place of worship is known in Hindi as ‘gurDwaaraa’, but the Golden Temple has a different name - Harmandir Sahib. |
| Udita:The Golden Temple is beautiful! People outside of Sikhism also go to see it, and experience the tranquility. |
| Maya:Yes, religious places of worship are wonderful to visit. These are some of the most popular tourist sites in India. They are diverse in architecture, color, size and grandeur. |
| Udita:There are lots of beautiful ‘maNDir’ across the country. A ‘maNDir’ is a Hindu temple. You can see very different styles of maNDir if you travel across the country. |
| Maya:A muslim place of worship, a mosque, is known as a ‘maSjiD’. There are many famous ones in Delhi and Agra especially and other places. |
| Udita:A Christian church is called a ‘girjaa’. There are many beautiful ones around the country, but Goa is specially known for pretty churches. The oldest one however is known to be in the state of Kerala, and it was built in 52 AD. |
| Maya:That’s quite old! And a Buddhist monastery is called a ‘math’. |
| Maya:Having so many religions means that there are many many festivals and occasions throughout the year! |
| Udita:Yes that’s true, and many Indians take a lot of pride in celebrating this diversity. While it’s true that this complicates some important issues, it’s also a defining feature of the country that is honored on national occasions and in national songs and anthems. |
| Maya:Ok, now let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Udita: तक (Tak) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: until, till |
| Udita: तक (Tak) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: तक (Tak) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पैदल (paiDaL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: by foot |
| Udita: पैदल (paiDaL) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पैदल (paiDaL) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: आगे (aage) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: ahead/ in front |
| Udita: आगे (aage) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आगे (aage) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पीछे (piichhe) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: behind, in the back |
| Udita: पीछे (piichhe) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पीछे (piichhe) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: रोकना (rokanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to stop (transitive) |
| Udita: रोकना (rokanaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रोकना (rokanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: गाड़ी (gaadii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: car |
| Udita: गाड़ी (gaadii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: गाड़ी (gaadii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: दायें (Daayen) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: right |
| Udita: दायें (Daayen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दायें (Daayen) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: सीधे (siiDHe) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: straight |
| Udita: सीधे (siiDHe) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सीधे (siiDHe) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बायें (baayen) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: left |
| Udita: बायें (baayen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बायें (baayen) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya:Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases. |
| Udita:The first word is “पैदल paiDaL”. This means ‘by foot’ and is used only for explaining means of travel. |
| Maya:That’s why it’s most often used with the verb “जाना jaaNaa” which means ‘to go’. So ‘पैदल जाना paiDaL jaaNaa’ means “ to go by foot”. |
| Udita:So if you are asked how you reach your workplace from the station, and if you walk there, you can say “मैं पैदल जाता हुँ” or “मैं पैदल जाती हुँ” to mean “I walk there”. |
| Maya:The next word is ‘आगे aage’. It means “ahead”, or “in front”, or “forward”. |
| Udita:There is a typical phrase “आगे बढ़ो aage barho”, which is commonly used in the army for soldiers, to tell them to “go forward”. |
| Maya:Another example is if someone were to say “आगे देखकर चलो aage Dekhkar caLo”. This is an imperative statement meaning, ‘Look in front of you when you walk.’ |
| Udita:There is another common usage of ‘आगे aage’ with its opposite ‘पीछे piiche’ which means “behind”. Together ‘आगे पीछे aage piiche’ means “back and forth’ and also “around”. |
| Maya:The next word is “सीधा SiiDhaa”. This means “straight” or “ahead” in the masculine form. The feminine form is ‘सीधा SiiDHii” and the plural or neutral form is “सीधे SiiDHe’ which is most used. |
| Udita:You can give instructions to a cab or auto driver using this to say “सीधे चलिए SiiDHe caLie” which means ‘go straight’. |
| Maya:This is used as an adjective for physical properties, such as in a straight line or driving straight head. It’s also used to mean “straightforward”. |
| Udita:Right, for example, “सीधा सीधा जवाव दीजिए SiiDHaa SiDHaa javab Diijie” means “please give a straightforward answer.” |
| Maya:It’s also used to mean ‘simple’ sometimes, as compared to the opposite ‘crooked’, which is used to mean ‘complicated’. |
| Udita:There is another use of this word in the phrase “सीधा सादा SiiDHaa SaaDaa” which means ‘simple and honest’ and is used to describe persons who are not sly or cunning, and don’t have many airs or demands. |
| Maya:Okay, let’s move on to grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya:In this lesson you’ll learn about another future tense form which is used for requests. |
| Udita:There are many verb tenses in Hindi. The simple future tense denotes ‘will do’. When posing a question in the future tense the second person is used, and the question marker ‘क्या kyaa’ completes the question. |
| Maya:Let’s review the 2nd person future tense. For the Familiar level, it uses the verb-ending ‘oge’ or ‘ogii’ for singular male and female. So with the verb “karNaa” meaning “to do”, you get “karoge” or “karogii”. |
| Udita:For plural tense in the Familiar level, the verb-ending becomes ‘eNge’, and this is also the ending used for singular and plural in the Polite Level - so you have “kareNge”. |
| Maya:Although there is a singular feminine verb-ending in the Polite level - eNgii, it’s normal to use the plural “eNge’ for everyone. |
| Udita:To use this in a request “Will you please help me?” we can say ‘क्या आप मेरी मदद करेंगे? Kyaa aap merii maDaD kareNge?’ |
| Maya:‘मदद maDaD’ means “help” and it is a noun that is used with “करेंगे kareNge”. It’s a feminine noun in Hindi, thus we say ‘मेरी मदद merii maDaD’. The sentence literally translates to “You my help will do?” which means “Will you help me please?” |
| Udita:The polite level verb is akin to saying ‘please’. You can say the same thing in the Familiar level by changing the ‘आप’ to ‘तुम’ and the ‘करेंगे kareNge’ to ‘करोगे karoge’. “क्या तुम मेरी मदद करोगे? kyaa Tum merii maDaD karoge?” |
| Maya:For requests though, it’s better to say it in the Polite level to people you don’t know well, and especially to strangers. |
| Udita:That’s why in the conversation, Maya says “ज़रा यहँा से शिव मन्दिर तक का रस्ता बताएंगे? zaraa yahaan Se siv maNDir Tak kaa raSTaa baTaaeNge?” which means “could you please tell us the way to the Shiv Mandir?” |
| Maya:Right and as you know the verb “baTaaNaa” means “to tell”. This is in the Polite future tense. Now, let’s try an example. How would you ask “Please could you give me the keys?” |
| Udita:‘Keys’ is “चाबियँा caabiyaan’ and give is “देना DeNaa”. “To me” is the oblique of “main” which is “mujhe”. So you would say “क्या आप मुझे चाबियँा देंगे? Kya aap mujhe caabiyaan DeNge?” |
| Maya:That’s right. Here is another one “Could you please open this box for me?” |
| Udita:Okay, ‘box’ in Hindi is “डिब्बा dibbaa”, and to open is “खोलना khoLNaa”. “खोलना khoLNaa” should change to ‘खोलेंगे khoLeNge’. |
| Maya:That’s right. However, in Hindi when you want to say ‘do something for me’ you would just combine the verbs for ‘do’ and ‘give’ - this gives the meaning ‘do for me’. So you would literally be saying “Will you open and give this box?” |
| Udita:Yes, and ‘will give’ is “देंगे DeNge’ from the verb “DeNaa” meaning “to give” , so in Hindi this will be “क्या आप यह डिब्बा खोल देंगे? Kyaa aap ye dibbaa khoL DeNge?” |
| Maya:Right! |
Outro |
| Maya:Well, that’s all for this lesson. We hope you enjoyed listening! |
| Udita:Here’s a sentence that you can say in Hindi on your own “Will you please show me the photo?”. You can try saying this in the Polite and Familiar levels and let us know the sentence in Hindi with a comment at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya:And don’t forget to check out the lesson notes for more examples and explanations! Until next time! |
| Udita:Sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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