Learn how to talk about knowing something
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya:“Namaste”, I’m Maya. Welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Lesson 22 Making Plans in Hindi, Part 3. |
| Udita:“Namaste”, I’m “Udita”. In this lesson you’ll learn to talk about knowing and understanding. |
| Maya:The conversation takes place in the office. |
| Udita:The conversation is between office colleagues. |
| Maya:Since they are well-acquainted as colleagues, the speakers will be speaking in Familiar Hindi. |
| Udita:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A: मुझे आज चाइनीज़ खाने का बहुत मन कर रहा है. (mujhe aaj caaiNiiz khaaNe kaa bahuT maN kar rahaa hai.) |
| B: मुझे भी, काम के बाद चलें क्या? (mujhe bhii, kaam ke baaD caLen kyaa?) |
| A: मैं चलने के लिए तैयार हूँ. (main caLNe ke Lie Taiyaar huun.) |
| B: पास में एक अच्छी जगह पता है लेकिन रस्ता ठीक से याद नहीं. (paaS mein ek acchii jagah paTaa hai LekiN raSTaa thiik Se yaaD Nahiin.) |
| A: अच्छा? नाम क्या है? (acchaa? Naam kyaa hai?) |
| B: वो कुछ "लाइट" था...या शायद लैंटर्न या कुछ... (vo kuch "Laait" THaa...yaa saayaD LaiNtarN yaa kuch...) |
| A: रेड लैंटर्न? मुझे रस्ता मालूम है. (red LaiNtarN? mujhe raSTaa maaLuum hai.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A: मुझे आज चाइनीज़ खाने का बहुत मन कर रहा है. (mujhe aaj caaiNiiz khaaNe kaa bahuT maN kar rahaa hai.) |
| B: मुझे भी, काम के बाद चलें क्या? (mujhe bhii, kaam ke baaD caLen kyaa?) |
| A: मैं चलने के लिए तैयार हूँ. (main caLNe ke Lie Taiyaar huun.) |
| B: पास में एक अच्छी जगह पता है लेकिन रस्ता ठीक से याद नहीं. (paaS mein ek acchii jagah paTaa hai LekiN raSTaa thiik Se yaaD Nahiin.) |
| A: अच्छा? नाम क्या है? (acchaa? Naam kyaa hai?) |
| B: वो कुछ "लाइट" था...या शायद लैंटर्न या कुछ... (vo kuch "Laait" THaa...yaa saayaD LaiNtarN yaa kuch...) |
| A: रेड लैंटर्न? मुझे रस्ता मालूम है. (red LaiNtarN? mujhe raSTaa maaLuum hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A: मुझे आज चाइनीज़ खाने का बहुत मन कर रहा है. (mujhe aaj caaiNiiz khaaNe kaa bahuT maN kar rahaa hai.) |
| A: I really feel like eating Chinese food today. |
| B: मुझे भी, काम के बाद चलें क्या? (mujhe bhii, kaam ke baaD caLen kyaa?) |
| B: Me too! Do you want to eat Chinese food after work? |
| A: मैं चलने के लिए तैयार हूँ. (main caLNe ke Lie Taiyaar huun.) |
| A: Yeah, I'm ready to. |
| B: पास में एक अच्छी जगह पता है लेकिन रस्ता ठीक से याद नहीं. (paaS mein ek acchii jagah paTaa hai LekiN raSTaa thiik Se yaaD Nahiin.) |
| B: There's a good place nearby that I know of, but I can't remember the way there exactly. |
| A: अच्छा? नाम क्या है? (acchaa? Naam kyaa hai?) |
| A: Oh yeah? What's the name? |
| B: वो कुछ "लाइट" था...या शायद लैंटर्न या कुछ... (vo kuch "Laait" THaa...yaa saayaD LaiNtarN yaa kuch...) |
| B: It was something "Light" Or something with "Lantern," maybe? |
| A: रेड लैंटर्न? मुझे रस्ता मालूम है. (red LaiNtarN? mujhe raSTaa maaLuum hai.) |
| A: Red Lantern? I know where that is. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya:Have you ever tried Chinese cuisine in India? It’s actually very very popular! |
| Udita:Chinese food in India is very interesting. Although you can get Chinese food in most places in the world, it seems to change a little bit everywhere, and the same is true of Chinese food in India. |
| Maya:For one thing, China and India are neighboring countries, so it is quite fitting that Chinese food filtered in a long time before India became globalised. The eastern states in India have obvious influences in culture and food from China, and Tibet too of course. |
| Udita:Yes, Chinese food in India tends to be predominantly from the Western Chinese provinces, and from Tibet. And then there has also been fusion! |
| Maya:Yes and it’s delicious! Chinese food in India has been nicknamed ‘Hakka’ and it tends to include a lot of spicy and deep fried items like Tibetan “momo” dumplings, and “Hakka noodles”. |
| Udita:There is also “chowmein” which has been popular in India for so long that you can find it being sold randomly at street corners with spicy sauces. |
| Maya:Yes, then there is “Chilli Chicken” which features chicken pieces, deep fried in batter, and cooked with a gravy of soy sauce, green peppers and vinegar. |
| Udita:It’s hard to say how much Hakka Chinese is influenced by Indian cooking and how much is authentic, but it’s safe to say that Hakka Chinese is extremely popular a cuisine in India. |
| Maya:Yes, you can find Chinese restaurants in every part of the country, and in cities and smaller towns too, you find Chinese food being sold on the streets. |
| Udita:It’s food that can be both cheap and satisfying when you buy it on streets, and then also well-prepared and proper when you eat in sophisticated restaurants, in India. |
| Maya:Ok, let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: food |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: तैयार (Taiyaar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: ready |
| Udita: तैयार (Taiyaar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: तैयार (Taiyaar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: जगह (jagah) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: place |
| Udita: जगह (jagah) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जगह (jagah) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मालूम (maaloom) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: known, know well |
| Udita: मालूम (maaloom) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मालूम (maaloom) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: याद (yaaden ) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: remember, memory |
| Udita: याद (yaaden ) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: याद (yaaden ) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पता (paTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to know |
| Udita: पता (paTa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पता (paTa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: शायद (shaayad ) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: maybe |
| Udita: शायद (shaayad ) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: शायद (shaayad ) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya:Now let’s take a look at some of the words and phrases we heard earlier. |
| Udita:“खाना khaaNaa” is the first word. As you know this means ‘food’, and also the verb “to eat”. |
| Maya:That’s right. The noun and the verb in the infinitive form are the same, so you may hear the phrase “खाना खाना khaaNaa khaaNaa” which in the infinitive form sounds like the same word being repeated. |
| Udita:But actually, it means “to eat food”. This occurs with the words ‘गाना gaaNaa’ which means “song” and the verb ‘गाना gaaNaa’ which means “to sing” as well. |
| Maya:The next word is “मालूम maaLuum” which means “know”. |
| Udita:In Hindi this is not a verb by itself and requires ‘होना hoNaa’ to be made into a verb. Thus “to know” is “मालूम होना maaLuum hoNaa”. |
| Maya:This word can only be used for ‘knowing’ as in “knowing information”, and not for “know how to”. |
| Udita:So you can’t use “मालूम maaLuum” for “know how to dance” or “know how to play” but you can use it for “knowing the way”. |
| Maya:The next word is ‘याद yaaD’. It means “memory” and when it is combined with the verb “होना hoNaa” it means “to remember”. |
| Udita:Right, and it can also be combined with “करना karNaa”. As you know “होना hoNaa” means ‘to be’ and “करना karNaa” means ‘to do’, so “याद होना yaaD hoNaa” means “to remember” in the sense ‘memory is present or exists’, but “याद करना yaaD karNaa” means “to remember” as in ‘to try to recall, think back or attempt to remember’. |
| Maya:There is also one other separate meaning of “याद करना yaaD karNaa” which is “to memorize”. You may hear kids being told “कविता याद करो kaviTaa yaaD karo” for homework, which means “memorize the poem”. |
| Udita:‘याद yaaD’ also combines with the verb “आना aaNaa”, in specific situations. “आना aaNaa” means ‘to come’ so “याद आना yaaD aaNaa” is used when some memory comes back to you. So it also means ‘remember’ but as in “to come back to memory”. |
| Maya:There is a different nuance when ‘याद yaaD’ is combined with ‘रखना rakhNaa’, which means “to keep”. “याद रखना yaaD rakhNaa” means “to remember” as well, as in “to keep in memory, to actively remember something continuously”. |
| Udita:Let’s move on to grammar now. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya:In this lesson you’ll learn how to use the word “पता”. |
| Udita:We looked at the word “मालूम maaLuum” earlier which means “to know” for information. Here we focus on the word “पता paTaa” which is the most common word used in Hindi for “know”. |
| Maya:This word is a participle, not a verb, so it combines with verbs to function like one. One such verb is “होना hoNaa” meaning “to be”. In the negative ‘नहीं Nahiin’ serves in saying “don’t know”, and “पता होना paTaa hoNaa” means ‘to know’. |
| Udita:All the regular tenses of “होना ” are used to denote the tenses of “to know”, and since “hoNaa” is an intransitive verb, it has to be used with the oblique form of pronouns. To say “I know” you cannot simply say “मैं पता है” but you would say “मुझे पता है”. |
| Maya:Right so we would use the pronouns in their oblique forms ‘mujhe, tujhe, hamen, tumhe, uSe, uNhe, iSe, iNhe”. ‘aap’ does not have an oblique form so you add ‘ko’ and say ‘aapko’, as you would with names - “Puujaa ko” or “HemaNT ko”. |
| Udita:Yes. ‘paTaa hoNaa’ applies to ‘knowing’ for straightforward objects and nouns, such as in “mujhe aapka Naam paTaa hai” which means “I know your name”. |
| Maya:It also combines with the verb ‘caLNaa’ which means “to walk or go”. “paTaa caLNaa” means “to learn of something”. |
| Udita:For example “mujhe abhii paTaa caLaa” means ‘I just found out’. “caLNaa” is also an intransitive verb. |
| Maya:Another verb it combines with is ‘karNaa’ which means “to do”. Since ‘karNaa’ is a transitive verb, “paTaa karNaa” is in the active voice, and it means ‘to find something out’. |
| Udita:Let’s try using this word with these verbs. How would you say “Do you know where the post office is?” in the Polite level. |
| Maya:‘post office’ in Hindi is “daak ghar” so this will be “Kyaa aapko paTaa hai ki daak ghar kahaan hai?” |
| Udita:Yes, and the only difference in the Familiar level would be that ‘aapko’ would change to “Tumhe”. |
| Maya:How about if you were to say “How will I know who is Niiraj among them?”, ‘Niiraj’ being the name of some person. |
| Udita:‘Will know’ is “paTaa hogaa” so this sentence in Hindi will be ‘Mujhe kaiSe paTaa hogaa ki uN mein Niiraj kauN hai?” |
| Maya:Right! And to say “Please find out the name of the place” ? |
| Udita:Okay, this will be in the Polite form. “Jagah kaa Naam paTaa kiijie”. |
| Maya:There is another word that also means “to know”. This is the verb “jaaNNaa”. |
| Udita:That’s right. “jaaNNaa” is used for knowing in relation to information, and is a transitive verb. |
| Maya:It can be used for knowing things where “paTaa” or “maLuum” can’t be used. |
| Udita:For example, you can use it for talking about languages that you know. For example you can say “main arbii jaaNTii huun”, which means “I know how to speak Arabic”. |
| Maya:Right, and in that sentence “paTaa” or “maLuum” wouldn’t really fit. |
Outro |
| Maya:Yes. Well that wraps up this lesson. Thank you for tuning in! |
| Udita:And listeners - do check out the lesson notes for more examples and explanations. We hope you enjoyed the lesson. |
| Maya:Thank you and until next time! |
| Udita:Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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