Learn how to use a special verb which means "must" or "have to"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya:“Namaste”, I’m Maya. Welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Lesson 23 - Asking a Hindi Favor. |
| Udita:“Namaste”, I’m Udita. In this lesson you’ll learn about asking for a favour. |
| Maya:The conversation takes place at the door of a house. |
| Udita:The conversation is between two neighbours. One is much older than the other. |
| Maya:The speakers are well-acquainted but since one is much older than the other, the youngest speaker will be speaking in Polite Hindi while the eldest will be speaking in Familiar Hindi. |
| Udita:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A: नमस्ते आंटीजी. आप से एक बिनती करनी थी. (NamaSTe aaNtiijii. aap Se ek biNTii karNii THii.) |
| B: हाँ बताओ क्या बात है? (haan baTaao kyaa baaT hai?) |
| A: मैं अगले हफ्ते मुम्बई जा रही हूँ. क्या आप मेरे पौधे पे ज़रा पानी डाल देंगे मेरे लिए प्लीज़? (main agLe haphTe mumbaii jaa rahii huun. kyaa aap here pauDHe pe zaraa paaNii daaL deNge mere Lie pliiz?) |
| B: हाँ क्यूँ नहीं. कब कब देना पड़ता है? (haan kyuun Nahiin. kab kab DeNaa padta hai?) |
| A: दो दिन में एक बार डाल देंगे तो बहुत मेहेरबानी होगी | (Do DiN mein ek baar daaL deNge To bahuT meherbaaNii hogii.) |
| B: नहीं कोई बड़ी बात नहीं है. बिलकुल ठीक है. (Nahiin koii badii baaT Nahiin hai. biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A: नमस्ते आंटीजी. आप से एक बिनती करनी थी. (NamaSTe aaNtiijii. aap Se ek biNTii karNii THii.) |
| B: हाँ बताओ क्या बात है? (haan baTaao kyaa baaT hai?) |
| A: मैं अगले हफ्ते मुम्बई जा रही हूँ. क्या आप मेरे पौधे पे ज़रा पानी डाल देंगे मेरे लिए प्लीज़? (main agLe haphTe mumbaii jaa rahii huun. kyaa aap here pauDHe pe zaraa paaNii daaL deNge mere Lie pliiz?) |
| B: हाँ क्यूँ नहीं. कब कब देना पड़ता है? (haan kyuun Nahiin. kab kab DeNaa padta hai?) |
| A: दो दिन में एक बार डाल देंगे तो बहुत मेहेरबानी होगी | (Do DiN mein ek baar daaL deNge To bahuT meherbaaNii hogii.) |
| B: नहीं कोई बड़ी बात नहीं है. बिलकुल ठीक है. (Nahiin koii badii baaT Nahiin hai. biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A: नमस्ते आंटीजी. आप से एक बिनती करनी थी. (NamaSTe aaNtiijii. aap Se ek biNTii karNii THii.) |
| A: Hello, Aunty. I would like to ask you for a favor if that's all right. |
| B: हाँ बताओ क्या बात है? (haan baTaao kyaa baaT hai?) |
| B: Yes, of course. What is it? |
| A: मैं अगले हफ्ते मुम्बई जा रही हूँ. क्या आप मेरे पौधे पे ज़रा पानी डाल देंगे मेरे लिए प्लीज़? (main agLe haphTe mumbaii jaa rahii huun. kyaa aap here pauDHe pe zaraa paaNii daaL deNge mere Lie pliiz?) |
| A: I am going to Mumbai next week for a bit. Could you please water my plants for me during that time? |
| B: हाँ क्यूँ नहीं. कब कब देना पड़ता है? (haan kyuun Nahiin. kab kab DeNaa padta hai?) |
| B: Yes, definitely. When do they need to get watered? |
| A: दो दिन में एक बार डाल देंगे तो बहुत मेहेरबानी होगी | (Do DiN mein ek baar daaL deNge To bahuT meherbaaNii hogii.) |
| A: If you can please water them once every two days, I'd really appreciate it. |
| B: नहीं कोई बड़ी बात नहीं है. बिलकुल ठीक है. (Nahiin koii badii baaT Nahiin hai. biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| B: No problem. That's quite alright. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya:Neighbors are very important to life in India - family, friends and neighbours. |
| Udita:Yes, there is an easy feeling of community amongst neighbours. This may be changing in some places now with the faster pace of lives and independent lifestyles in some metropolitan cities, but even in urban areas neighbouring families tend to be very close. |
| Maya:Yes in cities too people live in apartment complexes, in gated communities within which people know each other well, celebrate their festivals and occasions together, and look to each other for friendship and help. |
| Udita:Right. It’s very normal for neighbours to lend objects to each other and ask for favours. A lot of middle-income families that live in housing complexes get very friendly. Their children grow up playing games, usually cricket, together on the roads. |
| Maya:People actually share more than time and space. Your neighbours can be your best resource for knowledge of local shops, clinics, good doctors, plumbers, electricians, housekeepers and many more! |
| Udita:That’s true, these networks are very important. People recommend each other for jobs, and especially when marriage is being discussed people look within relations and connections of friends and neighbours. |
| Maya:Yes absolutely! These social ties are very important to life in suburbs, towns and cities in India. |
| Udita:This is also why sometimes a neighbourhood circle becomes a centre of gossip. |
| Maya:Yes, it’s a double-edged sword. But you can also see the benefits to making these relations. |
| Udita:That’s true, and that is why people do invest in building good relations with neighbours. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: बात (baaT) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: matter/talk |
| Udita: बात (baaT) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बात (baaT) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: अगले (agLe) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: next |
| Udita: अगले (agLe) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अगले (agLe) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: करनी थी (karNii THii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: have to do |
| Udita: करनी थी (karNii THii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: करनी थी (karNii THii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: week |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पौधे (pauDHe) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: plants |
| Udita: पौधे (pauDHe) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पौधे (pauDHe) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: डालना (daaLNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to put on something |
| Udita: डालना (daaLNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: डालना (daaLNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बार (baar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: number of times |
| Udita: बार (baar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बार (baar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मेहरबानी (meharbaaNii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: favor, mercy |
| Udita: मेहरबानी (meharbaaNii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मेहरबानी (meharbaaNii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बड़ी बात (badii baaT) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: big deal |
| Udita: बड़ी बात (badii baaT) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बड़ी बात (badii baaT) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya:Now let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases we heard earlier. |
| Udita:The first is the phrase “karNii THi”. As we know ‘karNaa’ is “to do”. “karNaa hai” means ‘have to do’. “karNii THii” branches off from this and means “mean to do” or “want to do”. |
| Maya:Although the verb-endings sound as though they refer to feminine nouns, that is not the case. This is a special usage and this verb-phrase doesn’t change gender form regardless of the noun. |
| Udita:Yes, so “khaTam karNii THii” will mean “meant to finish”, and “baaT karNii THii” means “meant to speak or discuss”. |
| Maya:The next one is ‘baar’ which means “number of times” as you know. |
| Udita:It also combines with adjectives and demonstratives. For example ‘kai baar’ means “many times” and ‘har baar’ means “every time”. |
| Maya:And “iS baar” means ‘this time’ while “uS baar” means ‘that time’. |
| Udita:The next word is “meherbaaNii”. It means “mercy” or “favour” and is a very formal word. |
| Maya:It’s commonly used in the phrase “meherbaaNii karke”. It is followed by a request, so that “meherbaaNi karke hamen aNDar jaaNe diijie”, would mean “please have mercy and let us go in” or “For goodness sake please let us go in”. “meherbaaNii karke” is a very strong phrase and not to be used lightly. |
| Udita:On the other hand “To meherbaaNii hogii” is more common and used in formal occasions. It means “it would be a great favour” or “it’d be much appreciated”. |
| Maya:In the conversation we heard ‘Do DiN mein ek baar daaL DeNge To bahuT meherbaaNii hogii’ which means - “If you could please water them once every two days I’d really appreciate it.” |
| Udita:This phrase is used in a formal conversation but it’s a little self-effacing, so this is not the kind of phrase that can be used in impersonal situations. |
| Maya:Okay now let’s move on to grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya:In this lesson we will focus on the use of the auxiliary verb ‘padNaa’ in Hindi. |
| Udita:This is an auxiliary verb, so it adds meaning to other verbs, and does not stand alone. There is another verb with the same spelling and pronunciation which means “to fall”, as in ‘snow fall’. That is separate from this auxiliary verb usage. |
| Maya:‘padNaa’ as an auxiliary means “must” or “has to be”. It is conjugated like most verbs and combines with verbs in their infinitive form. |
| Udita:Right so the past tense is ‘padaa’, ‘padii’ or ‘pade’ in masculine, feminine and plural. The gender and singular/plural form will match the verb it combines with. For example “mujhe Sab kuch khaaNaa padaa.” Here ‘khaaNaa’ is in the masculine singular form and so it is ‘padaa’ which is also singular and masculine. |
| Maya:It means “I had to eat everything.” The present tense is “padTaa, padTii, and padTe” in the same order. |
| Udita:We heard this being used in the conversation, when the eldest speaker says “kab kab DeNaa padTaa hai?” which means “How often do they need to be watered?”, where “padTaa” serves as “need to be” |
| Maya:The future tense is “padegaa, padegii and padeNge” also in the same order. For example “ kLaaS Se pehLe Tumhe ghar jaaNaa padegaa.” This means ‘You will have to go home before the class or lesson. |
| Udita:As you can see the tenses don’t have different forms in 1st, 2nd or 3rd person unlike other verbs. “I will have to” uses the same form as “you will have to” or “she will have to”. |
| Maya:This auxiliary verb is used only in situations where the subject must do something, and it’s not up to them to decide otherwise. It is an intransitive auxiliary verb. |
| Udita:As we discussed earlier, there are other verbs ‘padNaa’ that have a separate meaning. The simple way to tell this one apart is that it combines with another verb which is always in the infinitive form and not the participle form. |
| Maya:The other difference is that the auxiliary verb “padNaa” is intransitive, whereas the verb “padNaa” meaning “to fall” is transitive. Let’s practice telling them apart. |
| Udita:Okay, so we have 2 sentences: “vo gir padaa” and “uSe girNaa padaa”. “girNaa” is an intransitive verb meaning “to fall”. |
| Maya:In the first sentence the pronoun “vo” meaning “He” or “She” is not oblique. Also, the verb “girNaa” is in its participle form. So this sentence means “He fell down”. This is not using the auxiliary verb “padNaa”. |
| Udita:That’s right. In the 2nd sentence, the pronoun “vo” has changed to it’s oblique form “uSe”, and the verb “girNaa” stays in its infinitive form. This “padaa” is the auxiliary meaning “had to”, and the sentence means “He had to fall”. |
| Maya:Great. Now, let’s try to use it with the following example “I have to get the tv fixed today”. |
| Udita:Since it is an intransitive verb, we will use the oblique pronoun for ‘I’ which is “mujhe”. “Get it fixed” is ‘thiik karvaaNaa”. So in Hindi this will be “Mujhe aaj TV thiik karvaaNaa padegaa”. |
| Maya:Right, and the verbs “karvaaNaa padegaa” were in the singular masculine forms because “TV” is a masculine noun. So whether you are male or female, you would say “mujhe aaj TV thiik karvaaNaa padegaa”. |
| Udita:Yes, it’s important to remember that in the sentences using intransitive verbs, the gender of the verb has to match the gender of the object and not the actor. |
Outro |
| Maya:Well, that is all for our lesson. Here’s an example you can try saying in Hindi for practice - “She has to drink her medicine now.” |
| Udita:Please let us know your answer with a comment on HIndiPod101.com. We hope you enjoyed listening! |
| Maya:Don’t forget to check out the lesson notes for more examples and explanations! |
| Udita:Thank you for listening! Until next time! |
| Maya:Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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