Learn an expression which can be used if you're expressing panic
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya:“Namaste”, I’m Maya. Welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Lesson 24 In a Hurry in India. |
| Udita:“Namaste”, I’m Udita. In this lesson you’ll learn about expressing panic and making a complaint. |
| Maya:The conversation takes place inside a home. |
| Udita:The conversation is between a mother and daughter. |
| Maya:Since they are mother and daughter, the speakers will be speaking in Familiar Hindi. |
| Udita:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A: देखो फिरसे कितनी देर हो गयी! माँ तुमने मुझे जगाया क्यूँ नहीं! (Dekho phirSe kiTNii Der ho gayii! maa, tumNe mujhe jagaayaa kyuun Nahiin!) |
| B: मैं ने बहुत बार बुलाया. तुम तो उठ भी गयी थी लेकिन शायद दोबारा लेट गयी. (main Ne bahuT baar buLaayaa. Tum To uth bhii gayii THii Lekin saayaD Dobaaraa Let gayii.) |
| A: अरे अभी तो बस मिलने में भी मुश्किल होगी. (are abhii To baS miLNe mein muskiL hogii.) |
| B: पापा को बोल देती हूँ. इस बार जल्दी अपने स्कूटर पे छोड़ देंगे. (paapaa ko boL DeTii huun. iS baar jaLDii apNe Skuutar pe chod DeNge.) |
| A: पापा ले जा सकते हैं? (paapaa Le jaa SakTe hain?) |
| B: हाँ अभी घर पे ही हैं तो इस बार छोड़ देंगे. वापस आते वक्त बस पकड़ लेना (haan abhii ghar pe hii hain To iS baar chod DeNge. vaapaS aaTe vakT baS pakad LeNaa.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A: देखो फिरसे कितनी देर हो गयी! माँ तुमने मुझे जगाया क्यूँ नहीं! (Dekho phirSe kiTNii Der ho gayii! maa, tumNe mujhe jagaayaa kyuun Nahiin!) |
| B: मैं ने बहुत बार बुलाया. तुम तो उठ भी गयी थी लेकिन शायद दोबारा लेट गयी. (main Ne bahuT baar buLaayaa. Tum To uth bhii gayii THii Lekin saayaD Dobaaraa Let gayii.) |
| A: अरे अभी तो बस मिलने में भी मुश्किल होगी. (are abhii To baS miLNe mein muskiL hogii.) |
| B: पापा को बोल देती हूँ. इस बार जल्दी अपने स्कूटर पे छोड़ देंगे. (paapaa ko boL DeTii huun. iS baar jaLDii apNe Skuutar pe chod DeNge.) |
| A: पापा ले जा सकते हैं? (paapaa Le jaa SakTe hain?) |
| B: हाँ अभी घर पे ही हैं तो इस बार छोड़ देंगे. वापस आते वक्त बस पकड़ लेना (haan abhii ghar pe hii hain To iS baar chod DeNge. vaapaS aaTe vakT baS pakad LeNaa.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A: देखो फिरसे कितनी देर हो गयी! माँ तुमने मुझे जगाया क्यूँ नहीं! (Dekho phirSe kiTNii Der ho gayii! maa, tumNe mujhe jagaayaa kyuun Nahiin!) |
| A: Look at that. I'm running so late again! Mom, why didn't you wake me up earlier! |
| B: मैं ने बहुत बार बुलाया. तुम तो उठ भी गयी थी लेकिन शायद दोबारा लेट गयी. (main Ne bahuT baar buLaayaa. Tum To uth bhii gayii THii Lekin saayaD Dobaaraa Let gayii.) |
| B: I called out to you many times. You had gotten up too, but then you must have gone back to sleep. |
| A: अरे अभी तो बस मिलने में भी मुश्किल होगी. (are abhii To baS miLNe mein muskiL hogii.) |
| A: Aah, it'll be difficult catching a bus at this time too! |
| B: पापा को बोल देती हूँ. इस बार जल्दी अपने स्कूटर पे छोड़ देंगे. (paapaa ko boL DeTii huun. iS baar jaLDii apNe Skuutar pe chod DeNge.) |
| B: I'll get your father. He can drop you quickly on his bike this time. |
| A: पापा ले जा सकते हैं? (paapaa Le jaa SakTe hain?) |
| A: Dad's able to drop me today? |
| B: हाँ अभी घर पे ही हैं तो इस बार छोड़ देंगे. वापस आते वक्त बस पकड़ लेना (haan abhii ghar pe hii hain To iS baar chod DeNge. vaapaS aaTe vakT baS pakad LeNaa.) |
| B: Yes, he is at home, so he'll be able to drop you this time. Take a bus on the way back. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya:Indian city roads have a really interesting mix of vehicles. You get the usual cars, motorbikes, buses and bicycles, but then there are three-wheelers, bicycle-rickshaws and old models of cars and 2-wheelers as well. |
| Udita:Yes and they have special names! The 2-wheelers are not motorbikes. These are called “scooters” - not the kind that in the US kids ride on by pushing with one foot. These are 2nd-generation maxi-scooters that were popular in Europe around 50-60 years back. |
| Maya:Yes they are still in use in India and popular too, especially with middle-aged men who don’t own cars. You see these “scooters” on the road in India with entire families seated on one - the husband at the helm, with possibly a child seated in front of him, and the wife seated sideways in the back with one or more children on her lap! |
| Udita:Yes, that’s a common sight. Women ride scooters too and more so in smaller towns in fact. More women are taking to motorbikes across the country now. |
| Maya:We’ve talked about autorickshaws or “autos” before. Then there are the cabs. In some places like Kolkata you can see cabs that are bright yellow in colour and a really old model car developed in the 1950s, known in India as the Ambassador car. |
| Udita:It’s interesting that these models of cars and bikes have become popular in India and stayed in use. |
| Maya:Yes, this is mainly for their utility. The ambassador cars allow for a lot of space in the backseat, and this is great for cabs in India because people travel in large groups. If you think of Indian families travelling together, 3 or 4 seats is really not enough. |
| Udita:That’s true. Until a few years back many people would squeeze in together in cars, with kids sitting on the laps of adults to allow for more people to travel together. |
| Maya:Yes, and with the scooters too, these can accommodate 2 adults travelling with kids, and are not terribly expensive. So a whole family can travel on a single scooter, they’re more sober looking and useful for a family man in the city than a motorbike. |
| Udita:It makes for an interesting scene if you’re not used to seeing people ride in this way. In cars, cabs, on scooters, bikes, people travel in ways that fit more people in. |
| Maya:Yes, it’s like seeing people standing on the steps at the door of buses and trains, holding on to some handle, practically hanging from the side of a moving vehicle! A strange sight if you’re not used to it, but very common in India. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: देर (Der) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: late |
| Udita: देर (Der) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: देर (Der) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: जगाना (jagaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to wake up [someone] (transitive verb) |
| Udita: जगाना (jagaaNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जगाना (jagaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: उठना (uthNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to get up (intransitive verb) |
| Udita: उठना (uthNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: उठना (uthNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मिलना (miLNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to get, to catch |
| Udita: मिलना (miLNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मिलना (miLNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: दोबारा (Dobaara,Dobaaraa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: again |
| Udita: दोबारा (Dobaara,Dobaaraa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दोबारा (Dobaara,Dobaaraa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: लेटना (LetNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to lie down |
| Udita: लेटना (LetNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: लेटना (LetNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मुश्किल (muskiL) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: difficult, difficulty |
| Udita: मुश्किल (muskiL) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मुश्किल (muskiL) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: छोड़ देना (chod DeNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to drop off |
| Udita: छोड़ देना (chod DeNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: छोड़ देना (chod DeNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पकड़ना (pakadNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to catch |
| Udita: पकड़ना (pakadNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पकड़ना (pakadNaa) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya:Let’s now take a closer look at some of the words and phrases. |
| Udita:The first word is ‘Der’ which means “late” or “later” in Hindi. |
| Maya:You can construct the phrase “to get late” by joining ‘Der’ with verbs ‘karNaa’ and ‘hoNaa’. |
| Udita:As we’ve discussed earlier, this pair of verbs in transitive and intransitive. This means that one verb ‘karNaa’ is active and requires someone to act, whereas ‘hoNaa’ is intransitive so the action happens without anyone who is obviously responsible for it. |
| Maya:Yes, and so ‘Der karNaa’ means “to get late” as in “to delay” or “cause delay”, and ‘Der hoNaa’ means “to get late” but without alluding to a person. |
| Udita:For example ‘TumNe Der karDii’ means “You’re too late” whereas “Der ho gayii” means “it got late” or “there was a delay”. |
| Maya:‘Der Se’ makes “late” into an adverb, such as in “Der Se aaNaa” which means “to come late”. Another phrase is “THodi Der” which means “a little while”. |
| Udita:Another usage is with the verb “LagNaa” in which ‘Der LagNaa’ means “to take a while or to take a long time’. |
| Maya:Let’s go on to the next word. It is the verb “miLNaa”. |
| Udita:‘miLNaa’ has many different nuanced meanings. In this conversation it is the intransitive verb which means “to be found” or “to get”. |
| Maya:This is the main word used for ‘finding or ‘getting hold of’ in Hindi, but it’s always intransitive, so the pronouns used are oblique and the sentence is framed like ‘it came to me’ rather than ‘I found it’. |
| Udita:Right, so if you want to say “I found the pen” you would have to say it in Hindi in this way “mujhe peN miL gayii”. This is like saying ‘the pen became found by me”, but means “I found the pen”. |
| Maya:It’s also used for occasions where you’re trying to get a hold of something, for example, get a bus ride, cab ride or train ride; get a room in a hotel, a placement for a job, for enrollment in studies or even for getting tickets to a show, or getting good network connection on your phone. |
| Udita:The next word is ‘pakadNaa’. This is a verb which means “to hold, to grab or to catch”, such as in “chaTrii pakadNaa” which means “to hold an umbrella”. |
| Maya:“haaTH pakadNaa” means “ to hold hands”. It also means “to get hold of” - in the same situations where “miLNaa” is used for getting hold of things, this is used for catching or getting things in an active way. |
| Udita:For example, it is used for riding vehicles as in catching a ride on a bus or cab or train, something that moves on its own and you have to get to it at the right time. That’s why “baS pakadNaa” means “catch a bus ride”. |
| Maya:It’s also used for music or speech sometimes. For example the phrase “DHuN pakadNaa” means “to catch a tune” or “pick up a tune”. We also use it for ‘hitting a note’, ‘picking up or doing an accent or pronunciation’. |
| Udita:Right. Now let’s move on to grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya:In this lesson we’ll focus on making remarks and exclamations in Hindi. |
| Udita:Most exclamations in Hindi use the word ‘kiTNaa, kiTNii or kiTNe’. It means “how much” as we have discussed earlier in the series. |
| Maya:It’s useful for remarks because exclamations are usually on a quantity of some characteristic - such as “how cold!” |
| Udita:That’s right. Most exclamatory sentences feature ‘kiTNaa’ along with an adjective or adverb, and the meaning changes from question to remark, with the help of tone. |
| Maya:For example ‘cold’ is “thaNdaa” in Hindi, and so if we were to say “kiTNaa thaNdaa” the meaning is not ‘how cold’ but rather “So cold!” |
| Udita:‘kiTNaa’ is singular masculine, kiTNii is feminine and kiTNe is plural. Using these with just an adjective, or adverb and ending with “hai” for ‘is’, you can make any kind of exclamation. |
| Maya:For example “kiTNii Duur hai!” means ‘It’s so far!’ Tone is important of course and has to be adapted to the remark you make, such as when you say “kiTNaa gaNDaa hai!” or “kiTNaa SuNDar hai!” |
| Udita:Right, there is a difference in tone for both exclamations because one means “It’s so dirty!” or “It’s so ugly!” while the other means “It’s so pretty!” |
| Maya:‘kiTNa’ serves as “so” in these exclamations. It’s also used with ‘baar’ often. “Baar” means ‘number of times and if you were to say ‘kiTNii baar’ as a remark it would mean “so many times!” or even “every time!” |
| Maya:In the conversation we heard “Dekho phirSe kiTNii Der ho gayii!” which means “Look at that, I’m running so late again!” |
| Udita:Let’s try using this. How would you understand this exclamation “Tumhe kiTNii baar baTaayaa!” |
| Maya:‘Tumhe’ is an oblique pronoun which resembles “to you” and ‘baTaaNaa’ means “to tell”, so this exclamation means “I’ve told you so many times!” The tone is one of exasperation here. |
| Udita:That’s right. Now there is another form of ‘kiTNe’ that is useful here. ‘kiTNaa’ means how much, but the plural ‘kiTNe’ means “how many”, and this can also mean “how many people”. |
| Maya:Since it acts like a question pronoun, there are also oblique forms of this used only when referring to people. |
| Udita:With pronouns there is an oblique form using “Ne” which is “maiNe, TumNe, aapNe, ‘uSNe’. With kiTNe this form is “kiTNon Ne”. Just like you say ‘maiNe khaayaa’ to mean “I ate”, you can say “kiTNon Ne khaaya?” to mean “how many people ate?” |
| Maya:Or with some stress on “kiTNon” you can turn it into an exclamation to mean “So many people ate” - “kiTNon Ne khaayaa!” |
| Udita:The other oblique form uses ‘ko’ or special pronoun forms - ‘mujhe, Tumhe, aapko’. Similiarly ‘kiTNe’ becomes “kiTNon ko”. |
| Maya:In the same way that you would say ‘TumNe mujhe baTaayaa’ to mean “you told me”, you can use “TumNe kiTNon ko baTaayaa?” to mean ‘How many people did you tell?”. |
| Udita:And as an exclamation “TumNe kiTNon ko baTaayaa!” means “You told so many people!” |
Outro |
| Maya:Well, that’s all we have for this lesson. Do check out the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita:Can you try saying this in Hindi “He called you so many times!” Let us know what your answer is with a comment on HindiPod101.com! |
| Maya:We hope you enjoyed listening. Thank you and until next time! |
| Udita:Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
Comments
Hide