Learn about using a couple of Hindi words which both mean "because"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 3 - Riding in an Indian Auto Rickshaw. |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". I'm Udita. In this lesson you’ll learn about using ‘kyonki’ and “kaaran”, which both mean “because”. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place during an auto rickshaw ride. |
| Udita: The conversation is between the driver and the customer travelling in it. |
| Maya: They are strangers, so they’ll be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Customer: भैय्या आप ये दुसरे रास्ते से क्यूँ जा रहे हैं? (bhaiyyaa aap ye DuSre raaSTe Se kyun jaa rahe hai?) |
| Driver: क्योंकि वो पहला वाला रस्ता अभी बंद है. (kyonki vo pahLa vaaLaa raSTaa abhii baND hai.) |
| Customer: वो रस्ता बंद क्यूँ है? (vo raSTaa baND kyun hai?) |
| Driver: वहाँ फ्लाईओवर बनने के कारण रस्ते को बंद किया हुआ है. (vahaan fLaaiiovar baN-Ne ke kaaran raSTe ko baND kiyaa huaa hai.) |
| Customer: अच्छा. बहुत दिनों से बंद तो नहीं है? (acchaa. bahuT DiNon Se baND To Nahiin hai?) |
| Driver: नहीं बस इस हफ्ते ही बंद किया है क्योंकि कुछ दिनों में काम शुरू होगा. (Nahiin baS iS haphTe hii baND kiyaa hai kyonki kuch DiNon mein kam suru hogaa.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| Customer: भैय्या आप ये दुसरे रास्ते से क्यूँ जा रहे हैं? (bhaiyyaa aap ye DuSre raaSTe Se kyun jaa rahe hai?) |
| Driver: क्योंकि वो पहला वाला रस्ता अभी बंद है. (kyonki vo pahLa vaaLaa raSTaa abhii baND hai.) |
| Customer: वो रस्ता बंद क्यूँ है? (vo raSTaa baND kyun hai?) |
| Driver: वहाँ फ्लाईओवर बनने के कारण रस्ते को बंद किया हुआ है. (vahaan fLaaiiovar baN-Ne ke kaaran raSTe ko baND kiyaa huaa hai.) |
| Customer: अच्छा. बहुत दिनों से बंद तो नहीं है? (acchaa. bahuT DiNon Se baND To Nahiin hai?) |
| Driver: नहीं बस इस हफ्ते ही बंद किया है क्योंकि कुछ दिनों में काम शुरू होगा. (Nahiin baS iS haphTe hii baND kiyaa hai kyonki kuch DiNon mein kam suru hogaa.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Customer: भैय्या आप ये दुसरे रास्ते से क्यूँ जा रहे हैं? (bhaiyyaa aap ye DuSre raaSTe Se kyun jaa rahe hai?) |
| Customer: Bhaiya, why are you driving us via this other road? |
| Driver: क्योंकि वो पहला वाला रस्ता अभी बंद है. (kyonki vo pahLa vaaLaa raSTaa abhii baND hai.) |
| Driver: That's because the regular road is closed off at the moment. |
| Customer: वो रस्ता बंद क्यूँ है? (vo raSTaa baND kyun hai?) |
| Customer: Why is that road closed off? |
| Driver: वहाँ फ्लाईओवर बनने के कारण रस्ते को बंद किया हुआ है. (vahaan fLaaiiovar baN-Ne ke kaaran raSTe ko baND kiyaa huaa hai.) |
| Driver: There is an overpass being constructed in that area, therefore, the road has been blocked off. |
| Customer: अच्छा. बहुत दिनों से बंद तो नहीं है? (acchaa. bahuT DiNon Se baND To Nahiin hai?) |
| Customer: Okay. It hasn't been closed for very long, right? |
| Driver: नहीं बस इस हफ्ते ही बंद किया है क्योंकि कुछ दिनों में काम शुरू होगा. (Nahiin baS iS haphTe hii baND kiyaa hai kyonki kuch DiNon mein kam suru hogaa.) |
| Driver: No, only since this week, because the construction will start in a few days. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Let’s talk about “auto rickshaws”. These vehicles are very common in India. |
| Udita: Right, and they are often called “Autos”. These are very similar to “Tuk Tuks”, which are the three-wheelers found in Thailand. |
| Maya: Yes, a regular Auto carries the driver in the front, plus 3 or 4 people seated in the back. |
| Udita: It’s the vehicle of choice for most middle-class Indians in cities and towns - it's cheaper than a cab, but offers the same speed. |
| Maya: Yes, and it’s great for use inside a city. The price is cheap, but in cities like New Delhi, you have to bargain to agree on a price before the ride. |
| Udita: In some places like Kolkata, many passengers share a ride for a fixed price if they are going the same way. In other places, Autos use a meter, to track cost by distance, like in cabs. |
| Udita: Right, so generally it’s best to use a meter if one’s available. |
| Maya: Listeners, keep that in mind! And now it’s time for the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: दूसरा (DuSraa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: second, other |
| Udita: दूसरा (DuSraa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दूसरा (DuSraa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: रस्ता/ रास्ता (raSTaa/raaSTaa)[natural native speed] |
| Maya: road/ way |
| Udita: रस्ता/ रास्ता (raSTaa/raaSTaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रस्ता/ रास्ता (raSTaa/raaSTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बनना (baNNa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to be made |
| Udita: बनना (baNNa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बनना (baNNa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पहला वाला (pahLaa vaaLaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya : first one, regular one |
| Udita: पहला वाला (pahLaa vaaLaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पहला वाला (pahLaa vaaLaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बंद (baND) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: closed, blocked |
| Udita: बंद (baND) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बंद (baND) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: वहाँ (vahaan) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: there |
| Udita: वहाँ (vahaan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: वहाँ (vahaan) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: week |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हफ्ता (haphTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: शुरू (shuroo) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: start |
| Udita: शुरू (shuroo)[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: शुरू (shuroo)[natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let’s look at some of the words and phrases used. |
| Udita: The first is “pahLaa”, which actually also means “the first”! This is combined with ‘vaaLaa’ to get the phrase ‘pahLaa vaaLaa’ which means “The first one” or “the one before”. |
| Maya: Similarly, “DuSraa” means ‘second’. “DuSraa vaaLaa” means “the second one” but also means “other”. |
| Udita: In the conversation, we heard one of the speakers say “DuSraa vaaLaa raaSTaa”, which means “the other road”. |
| Maya: In the same way, if you want to say “every other week” in Hindi, that would be ‘har DuSre haphTe’. |
| Udita: Let’s go to the next word. It is ‘baND’. |
| Maya: ‘banD’ means “closed” or “blocked”. It is combined with the verb verb होना hoNaa, meaning “to happen/to be”, or with the verb करना ‘karNaa’, meaning “to do”. |
| Udita: If we are talking about objects closing then we’d use the verb ‘hoNaa’. “To be closed” is “baND hoNaa”. |
| Maya: Yes, so to say “The park is now closed”, you would say ‘park baND ho gayaa hai’. |
| Udita: The action of closing something, “to close”, is described as ‘baND karNaa’. So to say “The park has been closed”, you would say “park baND kar Diyaa hai”. |
| Maya: Exactly. The next verb is ‘baNNaa’ which means “to be made” or “to become”. This is used for things being constructed, to describe them taking shape. |
| Udita: That’s right. An example is this sentence - ‘cake abhii baN rahii hai’. This means “the cake is getting baked right now”. |
| Maya: This verb is used to talk about things that are getting made, but without talking about the maker. So you could talk about food or buildings using this word. |
| Udita: This verb is related to the verb “बनाना baNaaNaa” which means “to make”. |
| Maya: Ok, now let’s move on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the words क्योंकि 'kyonki' and कारण 'kaaran', which both mean “because” in Hindi. |
| Udita: The words ‘kyonki’ and ‘kaaran’ are used to explain the reason for something. While ‘kyonki’ is closest to the word “because” in English, “kaaran” is closer to “due to, because of, therefore”. |
| Maya: ‘kyonki’ always comes before the reason you want to state. Let’s try an example. “The road is wet because it rained today”. |
| Udita: Okay, so ‘road’ is “raSTaa”, ‘wet’ is “giLaa” and ‘rain’ is “baaris”. So we’d say “raSTaa giLaa hai kyonki aaj baaris huii THii”. |
| Maya: In the dialogue, we heard the driver explain that he drove on a different road because the regular road is blocked off, using ‘kyonki’. |
| Udita: He said “क्योंकि वो पहला वाला रस्ता अभी बन्द है ‘Kyonki vo paihLaa vaalaa raaSTaa abhi baND hai’ which means “That’s because the regular road is closed off at the moment.” |
| Maya: Now, ‘kaaran’ is used in more varied ways. It’s a noun that means “cause” and comes after the reason. |
| Udita: One way of using it is if you place ‘ke kaaran’ between the cause and the effect. You can try this with the same example of the road being wet due to rain. |
| Maya: So the reason is the rain, ‘ke kaaran’, and then the result is that the road is wet. So “aaj baaris hoNe ke kaaran raSTaa giLaa hai”. |
| Udita: That’s right. The exceptions are if the reason is ‘me’ or ‘you’ or ‘us’. ‘Because of me’ will be “mere kaaran”. ‘Because of us’ is “hamaare kaaran”. |
| Maya: And ‘Because of you’ is “Tumhaare kaaran”. This is informal, and an even more casual version will be “Tere kaaran”. |
| Udita: In the dialogue, we heard the rickshaw driver say that “The road is closed off due to the overpass being built there”. |
| Maya: Right, he said “vahaan fLaaiiovar baNNe ke kaaran raSTe ko baND kiyaa huaa hai”. |
| Udita: There is another way you can use ‘kaaran’. If you state the cause first, then you can start a new sentence with ‘iS kaaran’, and explain the result. ‘iS kaaran’ is like saying ‘That’s why’. |
| Maya: So if you said ‘it rained today’ then I could respond by saying ‘iS kaaran’ plus “the road is wet” which becomes “iS kaaran raSTaa giLaa hai”. Well, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you try to say “I am going home next week because it’s my mother’s birthday” using ‘kyonki’ and ‘kaaran’? Leave us a comment at HindiPod101.com. |
Outro |
| Udita: Okay, that’s it for this lesson. |
| Maya: Thanks for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: "Shukriyaa aur aLviDaa!" |
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