Learn how to make suggestions, using करें (kare) meaning "should do"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 4 - Making Plans in Hindi. |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the “let’s” form of verbs for making plans and suggestions. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at one of the speaker’s homes. |
| Udita: It’s between two good friends, so they will be using casual Hindi. |
| Maya: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A: हीना की जन्मदिन आ रही है. हमें कुछ करना चाहिए. (heeNaa kii jaNamDiN aa rahii hai. hamen kuch karNaa caahie.) |
| B: हाँ. क्या करे इस बार? (haan. kyaa karen iS baar?) |
| A: सोचना पड़ेगा. लेकिन उसे कुछ बताना मत. (SocNaa parhegaa. LekiN uSe kuch baTaaNaa maT.) |
| B: सरप्राईज़ है? बड़ा मज़ा आएगा. (Sarpraaiiz hai? badaa mazaa aaegaa.) |
| A: हाँ तभी तो. उसके घर पे करें? (haan Tabhii To. uSke ghar pe karen?) |
| B: मुश्किल होगा. मेरे घर पे भी कर सकते हैं. (muskiL hogaa. mere ghar pe bhii kar SakTen hain.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A: हीना की जन्मदिन आ रही है. हमें कुछ करना चाहिए. (heeNaa kii jaNamDiN aa rahii hai. hamen kuch karNaa caahie.) |
| B: हाँ. क्या करे इस बार? (haan. kyaa karen iS baar?) |
| A: सोचना पड़ेगा. लेकिन उसे कुछ बताना मत. (SocNaa parhegaa. LekiN uSe kuch baTaaNaa maT.) |
| B: सरप्राईज़ है? बड़ा मज़ा आएगा. (Sarpraaiiz hai? badaa mazaa aaegaa.) |
| A: हाँ तभी तो. उसके घर पे करें? (haan Tabhii To. uSke ghar pe karen?) |
| B: मुश्किल होगा. मेरे घर पे भी कर सकते हैं. (muskiL hogaa. mere ghar pe bhii kar SakTen hain.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A: हीना की जन्मदिन आ रही है. हमें कुछ करना चाहिए. (heeNaa kii jaNamDiN aa rahii hai. hamen kuch karNaa caahie.) |
| A: Heena's birthday is coming up. We should do something. |
| B: हाँ. क्या करे इस बार? (haan. kyaa karen iS baar?) |
| B: Yeah. What should we do this time around? |
| A: सोचना पड़ेगा. लेकिन उसे कुछ बताना मत. (SocNaa parhegaa. LekiN uSe kuch baTaaNaa maT.) |
| A: We'll have to think about it. But don't mention anything to her. |
| B: सरप्राईज़ है? बड़ा मज़ा आएगा. (Sarpraaiiz hai? badaa mazaa aaegaa.) |
| B: You want it to be a surprise? That'll be fun. |
| A: हाँ तभी तो. उसके घर पे करें? (haan Tabhii To. uSke ghar pe karen?) |
| A: Yeah that's why. Should we have it at her house? |
| B: मुश्किल होगा. मेरे घर पे भी कर सकते हैं. (muskiL hogaa. mere ghar pe bhii kar SakTen hain.) |
| B: That might be difficult. We can also have it at my place. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Let’s talk about this level of casual Hindi. It’s a very blunt way of speaking. |
| Udita: That’s right. This casual form of Hindi is the most informal, and can sound very rude if you use it at the wrong time. |
| Maya: But between friends and family, it shows a very close and intimate bond. |
| Udita: Good friends are considered equal to family, and even treated like siblings. That’s why this casual form of speech is used only for close friends, siblings, and those younger than the speaker. |
| Maya: So only with people who are close enough that there are no formalities. |
| Udita: Yes, there’s a common saying in Hindi that there are no ‘Sorry’s, no ‘Thank you’s’ between friends. |
| Maya: Exactly. In fact, parents teach their children to refer to their close friends as ‘aunt’ or ‘uncle’ usually. |
| Udita: But outside these close relations, you have to be careful about talking to people in the casual form. You can offend someone if you’re not careful. |
| Maya So keep that in mind, listeners. Ok, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: जन्मदिन (jaNmaDiN) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: birthday |
| Udita: जन्मदिन (jaNmaDiN) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जन्मदिन (jaNmaDiN) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: करना चाहिए (karNaa caahie) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: should do |
| Udita: करना चाहिए (karNaa caahie) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: करना चाहिए (karNaa caahie) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: इस बार (iS baar) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: this time |
| Udita: इस बार (iS baar) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: इस बार (iS baar) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: सोचना (SocNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to think |
| Udita: सोचना (SocNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सोचना (SocNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पड़ेगा (parhegaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: must do/will have to |
| Udita: पड़ेगा (parhegaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पड़ेगा (parhegaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: उसे (use) [natural native speed] |
| Maya : to him/her |
| Udita: उसे (use) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: उसे (use) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बताना (baTaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to tell |
| Udita: बताना (baTaaNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बताना (baTaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मज़ा (mazaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: fun |
| Udita: मज़ा (mazaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मज़ा (mazaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: तभी (Tabhii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: that’s why |
| Udita: तभी (Tabhii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: तभी (Tabhii) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: मुश्किल (mushkil) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: difficult |
| Udita: मुश्किल (mushkil) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मुश्किल (mushkil) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases in this lesson. |
| Udita: The first phrase is ‘ baTaaNaa maT’. This is very casual Hindi, and it’s an imperative sentence that means “don’t tell”. ‘maT’ means “don’t”, and it’s like a command. |
| Maya: ‘maT’ can be added after any verb in the infinitive form. So you can say ‘khaaNaa maT’, which means “don’t eat”. |
| Udita: Right, and you can add ‘to a person’. If it’s a name or a title, you would say, for example “Ma ko baTaaNaa maT”, which means ‘don’t tell Mother’. |
| Maya: To say “don’t tell him or her’ you would say “uSe baTaaNaa maT”. |
| Udita: Right. Let’s look at this pronoun ‘uSe’ next. It means “to her” or “to him”. |
| Maya: When you say ‘uSe’, the gender is actually unclear. It’s generally polite, but for someone older, the more respectful word is ‘uNhe’. The meaning is the same. |
| Udita: In the sentence the pronoun actually comes first. To say ‘Don’t give [it] to him’ you would say “uSe DeNaa maT”. |
| Maya: That’s right, it appears before the action. If you wanted to say “I told her”, ‘uSe’ would still come before the verb. You would say ‘mai Ne uSe baTaa Diyaa’. |
| Udita: There are also some specific uses of ‘uSe’ that don’t match the English use of ‘to her/him’. For example, ‘He likes to play’ is ‘uSe kheLNaa paSaND hai’. |
| Maya: That’s right, when you talk about ‘liking’ which is ‘paSaND’, the object pronoun is used - ‘uSe’ or ‘uNhe’. |
| Udita: This is also true when you’re talking about knowing something. If you’re talking about knowing information, then you use the verb “paTaa” and say “uSe paTaa hai” - “He knows” or “She knows. |
| Maya: For knowing how to do something, you’d use the verb “aaNaa”, which means “to be able to do”. So if I were to say “She knows how to dance”, it would be “uSe NaacNaa aaTaa hai”. |
| Udita: Ok, let’s go to the next phrase. This is “kar SakTe hain”. The infinitive form is “kar SakNaa” which means “to be able to complete” some task. “kar Sakte hain” means ‘can do’. |
| Maya Right, and it’s important to note that this ‘can do’ is talking about possibility, not just ability. This difference is important when you’re talking about ‘can’t do’ or ‘couldn’t do’. |
| Udita: ‘ham ye Nahiin kar SakTe’ means “We can’t do this”, and this is very close to saying “We shouldn’t do this”. |
| Maya: That’s right, when talking about the ability, possibility or even interest in doing something in Hindi, the verbs used are different. This is only a slight difference, but still something to look out for. Ok, now let’s move on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Udita: In this lesson you’ll learn learn how to make plans and suggestions. |
| Maya: We’ll do this through the verb ‘karNaa’, which means ‘to do’, in the tense ‘करें ‘kare’ meaning "should do". |
| Udita: करें "kare" is used from the location of हम "ham" meaning "we/us", even if it’s not always stated. |
| Maya: What is useful about करें "kare" is that it’s commonly combined with English nouns by Hindi speakers. People will say ब्रेकफास्ट करें? ‘breakfast kare?’ to mean “Shall we eat breakfast then?” |
| Udita: Right. This makes it quite useful for suggestions, especially for beginners. It is used in this way a lot by Hindi speakers across India. |
| Maya: The word ‘karein’ is actually a combination of “should we?” and “Let’s”. If you were to say "LaNc kare?" meaning “Shall we eat lunch then?”, this would be a suggestion, but you are also asking your partner for approval. |
| Udita: This tense can be applied to all verbs, so that खाना ‘khaaNaa’ meaning “to eat” can become खाएं ‘khaaen’ meaning “will/should eat?” |
| Maya: It can also be used for more long-term plans. Let’s try to say this using the ‘karein’ verb, in this sentence - “Should we prepare to sell the house?” |
| Udita: Okay, ‘to sell’ is “becNaa”, and ‘preparation’ is “Taiyaarii’. |
| Maya: That’s right, and ‘house’ is simply ‘ghar’. |
| Udita: “ghar becNe ki Taiyaarii karein?” |
| Maya: That’s right. And in the conversation earlier, we heard सरप्राईज़ करें? "sarpraaiz kare?" |
| Udita: That means “Should we surprise her” or “let’s surprise her?” Listeners, you can try using the verb in a similar way. How would you say “Should we have a picnic on Sunday?” |
| Maya: Let us know by leaving a comment on this lesson at HindiPod101.com. |
Outro |
| Udita: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples, and thanks for listening! |
| Maya: Until next time - aLviDaa! |
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