Learn about indicating possession using prepositions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Season 1, Lesson 9 - Is This Indian Postcard Yours? |
| Udita: "Namaste, I’m Udita in Hindi". In this lesson you’ll learn how to make words like “hers”, “mine” and “theirs” to show possession, using “kaa”, “kii” or “ke”. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on the doorstep of an apartment. |
| Udita: It’s between an occupant of the house, and her neighbour. |
| Maya: Since they are neighbours, they will be respectfully using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A:नमस्ते, ये आपकी पोस्टकार्ड हमारे पास आ गयी थी. ये आप ही की है ना? (NamaSTe, ye aapkii poStkaard hamaare paaS aa gayii THii. ye aaphii kii hai Naa?) |
| B:अरे हाँ, ये मेरी ही है. ले आने के लिए शुक्रिया. (are haan, ye merii hii hai. Le aaNe ke Lie sukriyaa.) |
| A:नहीं कोई बात नहीं. हम समझ नहीं पा रहे थे की ये कहाँ से आया. (Nahiin koii baaT Nahiin. ham Samajh Nahiin paa rahe THe kii ye kahaan Se aayaa.) |
| B:जी वो मेरी दोस्त अभी यूक्रेन में है, उस ही ने भेजी है. वहाँ की तस्वीर है. (jii vo merii DoST abhii yuukreN mein hai, uS hii Ne bhejii hai. vahaan kii TaSviir hai.) |
| A:अच्छा. बहुत खूबसूरत शहर लगती है. आप गयी हैं? (acchaa. bahuT khuubSuuraT sahar LagTii hai. aap gayii hain?) |
| B:जी नहीं. मेरी बचपन की दोस्त है जो वहाँ घुमने गयी है. (jii Nahiin. merii bacpaN kii DoST hai jo vahaan ghumNe gayii hai.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A:नमस्ते, ये आपकी पोस्टकार्ड हमारे पास आ गयी थी. ये आप ही की है ना? (NamaSTe, ye aapkii poStkaard hamaare paaS aa gayii THii. ye aaphii kii hai Naa?) |
| B:अरे हाँ, ये मेरी ही है. ले आने के लिए शुक्रिया. (are haan, ye merii hii hai. Le aaNe ke Lie sukriyaa.) |
| A:नहीं कोई बात नहीं. हम समझ नहीं पा रहे थे की ये कहाँ से आया. (Nahiin koii baaT Nahiin. ham Samajh Nahiin paa rahe THe kii ye kahaan Se aayaa.) |
| B:जी वो मेरी दोस्त अभी यूक्रेन में है, उस ही ने भेजी है. वहाँ की तस्वीर है. (jii vo merii DoST abhii yuukreN mein hai, uS hii Ne bhejii hai. vahaan kii TaSviir hai.) |
| A:अच्छा. बहुत खूबसूरत शहर लगती है. आप गयी हैं? (acchaa. bahuT khuubSuuraT sahar LagTii hai. aap gayii hain?) |
| B:जी नहीं. मेरी बचपन की दोस्त है जो वहाँ घुमने गयी है. (jii Nahiin. merii bacpaN kii DoST hai jo vahaan ghumNe gayii hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A:नमस्ते, ये आपकी पोस्टकार्ड हमारे पास आ गयी थी. ये आप ही की है ना? (NamaSTe, ye aapkii poStkaard hamaare paaS aa gayii THii. ye aaphii kii hai Naa?) |
| A: Hello, your postcard came to our house by mistake. This is yours, right? |
| B:अरे हाँ, ये मेरी ही है. ले आने के लिए शुक्रिया. (are haan, ye merii hii hai. Le aaNe ke Lie sukriyaa.) |
| B: Oh yes, this is mine. Thank you for bringing it over. |
| A:नहीं कोई बात नहीं. हम समझ नहीं पा रहे थे की ये कहाँ से आया. (Nahiin koii baaT Nahiin. ham Samajh Nahiin paa rahe THe kii ye kahaan Se aayaa.) |
| A: No, not at all. We weren't able to figure out where it came from. |
| B:जी वो मेरी दोस्त अभी यूक्रेन में है, उस ही ने भेजी है. वहाँ की तस्वीर है. (jii vo merii DoST abhii yuukreN mein hai, uS hii Ne bhejii hai. vahaan kii TaSviir hai.) |
| B: My friend is in Ukraine. She has sent it. This photo is from there. |
| A:अच्छा. बहुत खूबसूरत शहर लगती है. आप गयी हैं? (acchaa. bahuT khuubSuuraT sahar LagTii hai. aap gayii hain?) |
| A: Okay. Looks like a beautiful town. Have you been there? |
| B:जी नहीं. मेरी बचपन की दोस्त है जो वहाँ घुमने गयी है. (jii Nahiin. merii bacpaN kii DoST hai jo vahaan ghumNe gayii hai.) |
| B: No, it's my childhood friend who's traveling there. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Talking again about mail in India, the post office is called “daak ghar” in Hindi, and the postman is called “daakiyaa”, right? |
| Udita: That’s right. The postman is traditionally seen in a beige uniform, riding a bicycle, and going house to house delivering mail. |
| Maya: And earlier, before the 20th century, they would actually have to run long distances between towns and villages. |
| Udita: Yes there’s an old tradition of letter-writing, and great stories of birds delivering letters, which is sometimes depicted in movies. |
| Maya: That’s right! There was a Hindi movie song in the 1990s about that! |
| Udita: Yes, in the movie, a young girl sings to a pigeon, asking it to take her first love-letter to her lover. It’s called “kabuuuTar jaa jaa”, meaning ‘Go Pigeon Go’. |
| Maya: And it it’s still quite a well-known song! Ok, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Udita: अरे (are) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Oh! |
| Udita: अरे (are) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अरे (are) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: ले आना (Le aaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to bring |
| Udita: ले आना (Le aaNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ले आना (Le aaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: समझ (Samajh) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: understanding, comprehension |
| Udita: समझ (Samajh) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: समझ (Samajh) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: where |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: दोस्त (DoST) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: friend |
| Udita: दोस्त (DoST) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दोस्त (DoST) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: भेजना (BHejnaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to send |
| Udita: भेजना (BHejnaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भेजना (BHejnaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: तस्वीर (Tasveer) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: picture, photo |
| Udita: तस्वीर (Tasveer) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: तस्वीर (Tasveer) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: खूबसूरत (khuubSuuraT) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: beautiful |
| Udita: खूबसूरत (khuubSuuraT) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: खूबसूरत (khuubSuuraT) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बचपन (bachpan) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: childhood |
| Udita: बचपन (bachpan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बचपन (bachpan) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Udita: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Maya: The first is “Samajh”. This is a noun that means “understanding”. |
| Udita: There is a verb form of this, समझना SamajhNaa, which means “to understand”. |
| Maya: The noun समझ ‘Samajh’ is used with particles such as में ‘mein’ meaning “in”, के ‘ke’ meaning “of”, and with the verb आना ‘aaNaa’ meaning “to come”. |
| Udita: Right, so “mere Samajh mein” means “to my understanding”. |
| Maya: Another common phrase is “Samajh ke bahaar”. “mere Samajh ke bahaar” would mean “beyond my comprehension”. |
| Udita: “Samajh aaNaa” means “to comprehend” - it’s the act of comprehending something, to actively understand something. |
| Maya: That’s right. Now the verb “समझना ‘SamajhNaa’ is a little different. Simply put, it means “to understand”, but there is a hint of a more emotional aspect to it. |
| Udita: Okay. Here’s an example which shows that - मुझे वो सब समझ नहीं आता ‘mujhe vo Sab Samajh Nahiin aaTaa’. This means “ I don’t understand those things” but really what it means is “I don’t care for such things”. Here’s another तुम नहीं समझोगी ‘Tum Nahiin Samjhogii’. This is being addressed to a female since the verb ending is feminine. |
| Maya: And it means “you won’t get it”. Okay, let’s go to the next word, “DoST”. |
| Udita: दोस्त ‘DoST’ means “friend”. The word itself is masculine, but it is used for both male and female friends. |
| Maya: Then how would you know if it’s a male or a female? |
| Udita: From the possessive pronouns used with it. “merii DoST” is “my female friend”, whereas “meraa DoST” is “my male friend”. Ok, the next word is “TaSviir”. |
| Maya: तस्वीर ‘TaSviir’ means photo, picture or image but it is most commonly used for photographs. |
| Udita: When talking about photographs, the verb used is लेना ‘LeNaa’ which means “to take” so taking a photograph is “TaSviir LeNaa”. For example, “TumNe acchii TaSviir Lii hai” means “You have taken a good photograph”. |
| Maya: When talking about drawn or painted images, the verb used is बनाना ‘baNaaNaa’, which means “to make”. So ‘TaSviir baNaaNaa’ means “to draw or paint something’. |
| Udita: If you were to say “TumNe acchii TaSviir baNaaii hai”, that would mean “You have made a good drawing or painting.” |
| Maya: Ok. Let’s look at the grammar now. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Udita: In this lesson you’ll learn about possessive prepositions - का/की/के "kaa/kii/ke" which mean "of". |
| Maya: का/की/के "kaa/kii/ke" can be placed next to proper nouns and pronouns, to show belonging. They work the same way for persons, objects, and places. |
| Udita: The noun comes first, and is followed by “kaa, kii or ke”. “kaa” is for masculine words, “kii” is for feminine words, “ke” is for the plural, but it is also used commonly as the gender neutral preposition for words in the singular. |
| Maya: The Object will determine which one is used. For example, in the phrase “your brother”, ‘brother’ is the object and brother is masculine, so we will use “kaa”. |
| Udita: In that phrase it won’t matter if “you” are male or female, but because brothers are male, the phrase will be “aapkaa bhaaii”. |
| Maya: In the same way, “your sister” has to be “aapkii beheN”. “Your friends”, where “friends” is in the plural form, it will be “aapke DoST”. |
| Udita: Yes. How about “Pooja’s car”? |
| Maya: “Car” is ‘gaadii’ which is feminine, so “puujaa kii gaadii”. |
| Udita: Right. Here’s an example sentence - ‘ghar kii haaLaT kharaab hai’ |
| Maya: That means “the condition of the house is terrible”. “HaalaT” means “condition” and is a feminine word in Hindi, so we use “kii” for “of”. |
| Udita: Let’s go through the different pronouns this can be applied to. “Aap” meaning “you” - this is formal - simply becomes “aapkaa”, “aapkii”, or “aapke”. |
| Maya: For the pronoun “vah” meaning “he/she” the oblique form is used. This becomes “uSkaa”, “uSkii”, or “uSke”. The more formal and respectful equivalent is “uNkaa”, “uNkii”, or “uNke”. |
| Udita: But all the other pronouns are different because they change to incorporate the preposition. “main”, “ham”, “Tum”, and “Tu”, don’t use “kaa, kii, ke”. “main” which means “I”, changes to “mera, merii or mere”. “Ham” which means “us”, changes to “hamaaraa, hamaarii, or hamaare”. |
| Maya: “Tum” is the informal for “you”, and changes to “Tumharaa, Tumhaarii or Tumhaare”. “Tu” is the most casual and informal pronoun. This is changed to “Teraa, Terii, Tere”. |
| Udita: Now, “kaa, kii” or “ke” are similar to “of” in English, but they are also used like “from” sometimes, when it’s referring to a place. |
| Maya: Normally “Se” is used to mean “from”, like in the sentence - हम ये फल थाईलैंड से लाए "ham ye phaL THaaiLaiNd se Laae". |
| Udita: This means “We brought these fruits from Thailand”. But in the case of ये थाईलैंड के फल हैं "ye THaaiLaNd ke phaL hai", where the sentence is simpler, “ke” is used. |
| Maya: This means “These fruits are from Thailand". |
| Udita: This is an extension of the meaning of “ke”, but this is often used to show the relationship between the object and the place it is from. |
| Maya: This is similar to the conversation we heard earlier. “jii vo merii DoST abhii yuukreN mein hai, uS hii Ne bhejii hai. vahaan kii TaSviir hai.” |
| Udita: This means “My friend is in the Ukraine right now, she sent it. The photo is from there.” |
Outro |
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to look through the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: And if you can say “These Mexican mangoes are Nina’s” in Hindi, do let us know in a comment at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thanks for listening! Sukriyaa! |
| Udita: Until next time, aLviDaa! |
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