Learn about the use of the "have to do" tense
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 13 - Homecooked Indian Meals Are the Best! |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 13 - Homecooked Indian Meals Are the Best! Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्तेNamaSTe. I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn more about the use of the tense for "have to do." The conversation takes place at the park. |
| Udita: It's between Karan and Priya. |
| Eric: The speakers are acquaintances, so they’ll use polite Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| प्रिया : गुड इवनिंग! आप कैसे हैं? |
| करन : मैं ठीक हूँ। आप कैसी हैं, घर पर सब कैसे हैं? |
| प्रिया : हम सब ठीक हैं। आप कहीं गए हुए थे? बहुत दिनों बाद दिख रहे हो। |
| करन : जी मैं वापिस घर गया था परिवार के साथ समय बिताने। माँ हमेशा बोलती रहती है तुम घर नहीं आते, तो इस बार होकर आया हूँ। |
| प्रिया : बहुत अच्छा किया। घर का खाना खाकर आए हो तो काम भी पूरे जोश से कर पाओगे। |
| करन : हाँ जी। क्या आप रोज़ाना शाम को यहाँ आती हैं? |
| प्रिया : नहीं बस कभी कबार, जब वक्त मिले। शाम को बाज़ार जाना, खाना पकाना होता है। वक्त मिले तो मैं टहलने आ जाती हूँ। |
| करन : यहाँ पर शाम का माहौल बहुत अच्छा रहता है। |
| प्रिया : बिलकुल, बाहर आकर बैठने से मुझे बहुत शांति महसूस होती है। |
| करन : सही बात है। आप बैठकर आराम कीजिए, मैं ज़रा दौड़ने जाता हूँ। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| प्रिया : गुड इवनिंग! आप कैसे हैं? |
| करन : मैं ठीक हूँ। आप कैसी हैं, घर पर सब कैसे हैं? |
| प्रिया : हम सब ठीक हैं। आप कहीं गए हुए थे? बहुत दिनों बाद दिख रहे हो। |
| करन : जी मैं वापिस घर गया था परिवार के साथ समय बिताने। माँ हमेशा बोलती रहती है तुम घर नहीं आते, तो इस बार होकर आया हूँ। |
| प्रिया : बहुत अच्छा किया। घर का खाना खाकर आए हो तो काम भी पूरे जोश से कर पाओगे। |
| करन : हाँ जी। क्या आप रोज़ाना शाम को यहाँ आती हैं? |
| प्रिया : नहीं बस कभी कबार, जब वक्त मिले। शाम को बाज़ार जाना, खाना पकाना होता है। वक्त मिले तो मैं टहलने आ जाती हूँ। |
| करन : यहाँ पर शाम का माहौल बहुत अच्छा रहता है। |
| प्रिया : बिलकुल, बाहर आकर बैठने से मुझे बहुत शांति महसूस होती है। |
| करन : सही बात है। आप बैठकर आराम कीजिए, मैं ज़रा दौड़ने जाता हूँ। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Priya: Good evening! How are you? |
| Karan: I’m all right. How are you? How is everyone at home? |
| Priya: We’re all good. Were you away somewhere? I am seeing you for the first time in a while. |
| Karan: Yes, I’d gone back home to spend time with the family. My mother keeps saying that I never come home, so this time I made a trip there. |
| Priya: That's good. You've been fed home-cooked food, so now you'll be able to work with full energy again. |
| Karan: Yes. Do you come here every evening? |
| Priya: No, just once in awhile when I have time. I have to go to the market in the evening, prepare food... If I have time, then I come here to stroll. |
| Karan: Yes, the atmosphere in the evening is very nice here. |
| Priya: Exactly, it really calms me down to come out here and sit for a bit. |
| Karan: True. Please sit and relax, I'll just go for a run now. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Priya and Karan mentioned home cooking... |
| Udita: I’m not surprised that you picked up on that! |
| Eric: I like my home cooking. What’s home cooking like in India? |
| Udita: There’s a big difference between home cooking and restaurant food. |
| Eric: How so? |
| Udita: Restaurants serve meals that are heavier in creams, oil, and spices than what is made at home. |
| Eric: Why is that? |
| Udita: It’s because food that we eat at home for our daily meals and what is served to guests and outsiders is different. We don’t eat such elaborate dishes at home on a daily basis. Home cooking tends to be simpler and lighter. |
| Eric: And restaurants serve food that would only be served at parties to guests at home - not daily, regular food. |
| Udita: Yes, you rarely find these regular meals in restaurants. Home cooking reflects family traditions, and uses recipes that are passed down through generations. |
| Eric: Is home cooking healthier than restaurant food? |
| Udita: It’s seen that way, yes. We think that home cooking is more nutritious and better for your digestion, and that eating out too much is bad for you. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: बोलते रहना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to say repeatedly, to keep on saying |
| Udita: बोलते रहना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बोलते रहना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: होकर आना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to make a trip to, to stop by |
| Udita: होकर आना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: होकर आना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: घर का खाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: home-cooked food, homemade food |
| Udita: घर का खाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घर का खाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: जोश [natural native speed] |
| Eric: energy, vigor, zeal, fervor |
| Udita: जोश [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जोश [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: रोज़ाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: daily |
| Udita: रोज़ाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रोज़ाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: कभी कबार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: sometimes, once in awhile |
| Udita: कभी कबार [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: कभी कबार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: टहलना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to take a leisurely walk, to wander, to saunter |
| Udita: टहलना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: टहलना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: माहौल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: atmosphere, ambience, environment |
| Udita: माहौल [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: माहौल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And lastly.. |
| Udita: आराम [natural native speed] |
| Eric: rest |
| Udita: आराम [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आराम [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: बोलते रहना boLTe rahNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to say repeatedly." What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: It’s made up of the words बोलना boLNaa, which is a transitive verb meaning “to speak” and रहना rahNaa, a transitive verb meaning “to stay.” |
| Eric: And they make the phrase “to say repeatedly,” or “to keep saying.” |
| Udita: रहना rahNaa is very useful because if it is added to other verbs, it also means that they are being done repeatedly. |
| Eric: That is useful! |
| Udita: बोलते रहना boLTe rahNaa can also mean “to always say.” |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. मेरी बेटी मुझे व्यायाम शुरू करने के लिए बोलती रहती है। merii betii mujhe vyaayaam suruu karNe ke Lie bolTii rahTii hai. |
| Eric: ..which means "My daughter keeps telling me to start exercising." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: होकर आना |
| Eric: meaning "to come back after concluding something." Can you explain this for us? |
| Udita: Sure. होना hoNaa is an intransitive verb that means “to be” and आना aaNaa is a transitive verb which means “to come.” So होकर आना hokar aaNaa is like “to be somewhere and come back” which means “to make a visit to.” |
| Eric: How do we use this? |
| Udita: We use it to describe a situation when you have returned from somewhere that you needed to go, or have completed some business. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. मैं आज रास्ते में दर्ज़ी के दुकान से होकर आयी इस लिए कपड़े लेकर आयी हूँ। main aaj raaSTe mein Darzii ke DukaaN Se hokar aayii iS lie kapde lekar aayii huun. |
| Eric: .. which means "I made a stop at the tailor's shop on the way back today, so I brought back the clothes." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: कभी कबार kabhii kabaar |
| Eric: meaning "once in awhile." What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: कभी kabhii means “sometimes” and कभी कबार kabhii kabaar is a phrase that means “once in a while” or “from time to time.” |
| Eric: How do we use this? |
| Udita: It’s important to know that there is a similar phrase meaning “sometimes,” कभी कभी kabhii kabhii. |
| Eric: What’s the difference? |
| Udita: कभी कबार kabhii kabaar is used more frequently with actions, and means “ever so often” while कभी कभी kabhii kabhii is just simply “sometimes.” |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. मैं कभी कबार खुद खाना पका लेता हूँ। main kabhii kabaar khuD khaaNaa pakaa leTaa huun. |
| Eric: .. which means "I cook my food myself once in awhile." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about more detailed uses of the tense for "have to do." In the dialogue, Karan talked about going home to see his parents. That’s an obligation that I think many people have. |
| Udita: Right. And we’re going to talk about obligation in this lesson. |
| Eric: How do we talk about obligation in Hindi? |
| Udita: There are 3 ways of talking about things you have to do, but they all have different nuances. The first is using करना है karNaa hai, which is “have to do” as in “I have to do this” and is used for single action obligations in the present tense that we haven’t done yet. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this? |
| Udita: Sure! मुझे सबके आने से पहले सफ़ाई करनी है mujhe Sabke aaNe Se pahLe Safaaii karNii hai. |
| Eric: “I have to clean before everyone arrives.” |
| Udita: The second way is using करना पड़ता है karNaa padTaa hai. |
| Eric: This also means “have to do.” |
| Udita: Yes, but like in “These are things you have to do.” This is the continuous tense, so it talks about tasks that are ongoing, but you need to look at the rest of the sentence to know when or how often. |
| Eric: Udita, can you use this to say “You have to work hard to get to your destination”? |
| Udita: Sure, it is - अपनी मंज़िल पाने के लिए मेहनत करना पड़ता है apNii maNziiL paaNe ke Lie mehNaT karNaa padTaa hai. The third way is using करना होता है karNaa hoTaa hai. This also means “have to do.” |
| Eric: This is in the continuous tense as well, so it is used for tasks or actions you have to do on a regular basis. |
| Udita: Right, so it means “have to do,” like in “I have to do this on Mondays.” |
| Eric: How about translating “I usually have to go to the market on Mondays”? |
| Udita: मुझे हर सोमवार को बाज़ार जाना होता है। mujhe har Somvaar ko baazaar jaaNaa hoTaa hai. This form is used in the dialogue as well. |
| Eric: Okay. How do we make sentences using this last form? |
| Udita: We go into this in more detail in the lesson notes, so please check that out, but you can start with the time or day, followed by the particle को ko or में mein, then action and the infinitive form, followed by होता है hoTaa hai. You can add words in as necessary. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example? |
| Udita: मुझे सुबह में पौधों को पानी देना होता है। mujhe Subah men pauDHon ko paaNii DeNaa hoTaa hai. |
| Eric: “I have to water the plants in the morning.” |
| Udita: However, if you want to express that it’s because of an external compulsion, there’s a better way to say that. |
| Eric: How? |
| Udita: By using पड़ता है padTaa hai, which we discussed earlier. |
| Eric: So by external compulsion, you mean a situation such as taking medicine daily because your doctor has told you to? |
| Udita: Yes, exactly. You can say मुझे रोज़ दवाई लेनी पड़ती है। mujhe roz Davaaii LeNii padTii hai. This means “I have to take medicine every day.” Here the “have to” is because someone is making you do it, so we use पड़ता है padTaa hai. |
| Eric: This emphasizes the “have to” part, and shows that it is a compulsion, not a choice. |
| Udita: That’s right. Whereas मुझे रोज़ दवाई लेनी होती है mujhe roz Davaaii LeNii hoTii hai emphasises the “every day” part instead. |
| Eric: Thank you! |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Udita: अलविदा aLviDaa |
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