Learn about mixing the polite and familiar forms to make respectful speech
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 16 - Planning a Busy Day Out in India |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 16 - Planning a Busy Day Out in India. Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते NamaSTe I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about mixing the polite and familiar forms for respectful speech. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Udita: It's between Sapna and Maneesha. |
| Eric: The speakers are family members. Maneesha is Sapna’s aunt, so Sapna speaks in polite Hindi, while Maneesha replies in familiar Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| सपना : मौसी, मैं अर्जुन और सुप्रिया को घुमाने ले जाऊं? |
| मनीषा : हाँ वो जाने के लिए राज़ी है न? |
| सपना : हाँ, बस आपकी आज्ञा लेनी थी। मैं उनको साइंस म्यूज़ियम ले जाना चाहती हूँ, और उसके बाद सूरज कुण्ड में ऊंट की सवारी करने। आपको कोई आपत्ति नहीं है न? |
| मनीषा : नहीं बिलकुल नहीं। बस ध्यान से, क्यूंकि वो बच्चें कभी कभी उत्तेजित हो जाते हैं। तुम सम्भाल पाओगी न? |
| सपना : हाँ मौसी आप चिंता मत करो, मैं चौकन्ना रहूंगी। |
| मनीषा : अच्छा। और लंच भी वहीँ कहीं कर लोगे? |
| सपना : हाँ, साइंस म्यूज़ियम के कैफेटेरिया में खाना खाएंगे। क्या खाने में ऐसा कुछ है जो उन दोनों के लिए अनुचित होगा? |
| मनीषा : ख़ास ऐसा कुछ नहीं है - वो दोनों सब कुछ खा लेते हैं। ज़्यादा तीखा खाने की आदत नहीं है, बस। |
| सपना : ठीक है। वैसे वो चाट पापड़ी खाने की भी ज़िद कर रहे थे, तो मैं ने कहा कि आपसे पूछकर बताउंगी। |
| मनीषा : हाँ वो बहुत दिनों से यह मांग कर रहे हैं। तुम लोग दोनों काम कर आओ। अच्छा है, अगर एक साथ यह सब हो जाए। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| सपना : मौसी, मैं अर्जुन और सुप्रिया को घुमाने ले जाऊं? |
| मनीषा : हाँ वो जाने के लिए राज़ी है न? |
| सपना : हाँ, बस आपकी आज्ञा लेनी थी। मैं उनको साइंस म्यूज़ियम ले जाना चाहती हूँ, और उसके बाद सूरज कुण्ड में ऊंट की सवारी करने। आपको कोई आपत्ति नहीं है न? |
| मनीषा : नहीं बिलकुल नहीं। बस ध्यान से, क्यूंकि वो बच्चें कभी कभी उत्तेजित हो जाते हैं। तुम सम्भाल पाओगी न? |
| सपना : हाँ मौसी आप चिंता मत करो, मैं चौकन्ना रहूंगी। |
| मनीषा : अच्छा। और लंच भी वहीँ कहीं कर लोगे? |
| सपना : हाँ, साइंस म्यूज़ियम के कैफेटेरिया में खाना खाएंगे। क्या खाने में ऐसा कुछ है जो उन दोनों के लिए अनुचित होगा? |
| मनीषा : ख़ास ऐसा कुछ नहीं है - वो दोनों सब कुछ खा लेते हैं। ज़्यादा तीखा खाने की आदत नहीं है, बस। |
| सपना : ठीक है। वैसे वो चाट पापड़ी खाने की भी ज़िद कर रहे थे, तो मैं ने कहा कि आपसे पूछकर बताउंगी। |
| मनीषा : हाँ वो बहुत दिनों से यह मांग कर रहे हैं। तुम लोग दोनों काम कर आओ। अच्छा है, अगर एक साथ यह सब हो जाए। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Sapna: Aunty, may I take Arjun and Supriya for a day out? |
| Maneesha: Yes, they're ready to go right? |
| Sapna: Yes, I just wanted to get your permission. I want to take them to the science museum, and then to Suraj Kund for camel rides. You don't mind? |
| Maneesha: No not at all. Just be careful, because the children become excited and hyperactive sometimes. Will you be able to manage them? |
| Sapna: Yes Aunty, please don't worry, I'll stay alert. |
| Maneesha: Okay. And you'll have lunch there too? |
| Sapna: Yes, we'll eat at the cafeteria in the science museum. Is there any food that they shouldn't have? |
| Maneesha: Nothing in particular—they both eat everything. They're just not used to very spicy foods. |
| Sapna: All right. Also, they were demanding to be treated to Papdi Chat snacks, and I said I'll ask you first. |
| Maneesha: Yes they've been requesting it for a while. Go ahead with all those. It'll be good if you can cover all those things at once. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Sapna is being brave and taking the kids out for a day trip. |
| Udita: Yes, they’re all going to Suraj Kund. |
| Eric: What’s that? |
| Udita: It’s an ancient reservoir on the outskirts of Delhi. |
| Eric: How ancient is it? |
| Udita: It dates back to the the tenth century. |
| Eric: That is pretty old! Who built the reservoir? |
| Udita: It’s said to have been built by the kings of the Tomar dynasty. |
| Eric: Is it a good place to visit? Are there any other sights in the area? |
| Udita: Yes, there’s an ancient sun temple and there’s another reservoir a short eight kilometers away. That one was built in the 8th century. |
| Eric: Are there any special events there? |
| Udita: Every year a big craft fair is held, and it’s become quite popular with tourists too. |
| Eric: I hope Sapna and the kids have a good day out! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: आज्ञा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: permission, command, decree, allowance, authority |
| Udita: आज्ञा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आज्ञा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: राज़ी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: willing, in agreement, happy to |
| Udita: राज़ी[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: राज़ी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: ऊंट [natural native speed] |
| Eric: camel |
| Udita: ऊंट[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ऊंट [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: आपत्ति [natural native speed] |
| Eric: objection, dissent, protestation, difficulty |
| Udita: आपत्ति [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आपत्ति [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: उत्तेजित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: excited, hyperactive, pumped up |
| Udita: उत्तेजित [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: उत्तेजित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सम्भालना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to manage, to handle, to support, to take care of a matter |
| Udita: सम्भालना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सम्भालना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: चिंता [natural native speed] |
| Eric: worry, anxiety |
| Udita: चिंता [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: चिंता [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: चौकन्ना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: alert, cautious |
| Udita: चौकन्ना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: चौकन्ना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: अनुचित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: inadvisable, inappropriate |
| Udita: अनुचित [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अनुचित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: ज़िद [natural native speed] |
| Eric: obstinance |
| Udita: ज़िद [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ज़िद [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: आज्ञा aagyaa |
| Eric: meaning "permission, order." What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: आज्ञा aagyaa is a noun and it refers to the concept of “permission,” not just a “permit” or a “license.” |
| Eric: That’s an important distinction to make, I think! |
| Udita: We use it in situations where we want to get someone’s permission to do something. It’s usually used to ask for permission verbally. It can also be used to describe an order. |
| Eric: Is this noun often paired with certain verbs? |
| Udita: Yes, either लेना LeNaa or देना DeNaa, meaning “to take” and “to give” respectively. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. अब मुझे आज्ञा दीजिए - मेरे निकलने का वक्त हो रहा है। ab mujhe aagyaa Diijie - mere NikalNe kaa vakT ho rahaa hai. |
| Eric: ..which means "Please allow me to take my leave - it’s time for me to get going." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: सम्भालना SambhalNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to manage, to handle, to support, to take care of a matter." What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: This is a tricky word because it has several nuances that don’t translate exactly into English. |
| Eric: What nuances are those? |
| Udita: The first is to manage or handle something, like taking care of business. The second is to support or recover something, like if you catch something as it’s falling over. |
| Eric: And the third? |
| Udita: “To take care,” “to be careful,” or “to use caution,” for example to take care when carrying a large pile of things. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example... बड़े-बूढ़ों से ज़बान सम्भालकर बात करना चाहिए। bade-buurhon Se zabaaN Sambhaalkar baaT karNaa caahie. |
| Eric: .. which means "You have to watch your tongue when speaking with your elders." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: की ज़िद करना kii ziD karNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to insist on, to demand repeatedly, to be stubborn." What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: की kii is the possessive particle “of” and ज़िद ziD means “stubbornness” or “obstinance.” Finally, करना karNaa is a transitive verb meaning “to do.” |
| Eric: So it means “to be stubborn.” |
| Udita: Yes. But ज़िद ziD can also mean “having a tantrum,” so in its most extreme form, this phrase means “to throw a tantrum about something.” |
| Eric: It sounds like it’s used when you’re being irrational in your demands. |
| Udita: That’s right. It’s used a lot when talking about children having fits. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. मेरा भाई मेरे साथ दक्षिण अफ्रीका जाने की ज़िद कर रहा है। |
| Eric: .. which means "My brother is demanding to go to South Africa with me." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about mixing the polite and familiar forms for respectful speech. We’ve spoken about the different levels of speech in Hindi before. |
| Udita: That’s right. There are three levels - polite, familiar and casual. |
| Eric: And each level is used with different groups of people. |
| Udita: But sometimes, we mix the features of these levels to give us more scope when talking. |
| Eric: How do we mix the levels? |
| Udita: Sometimes we mix the polite and familiar levels. The most obvious way that we do this is by mixing the second and third persons in a sentence. |
| Eric: How does that work? |
| Udita: You can speak to someone in polite level second person and refer to someone in the third person. वह आपकी बात कर रहा था vah aapkii baaT kar rahaa THaa. |
| Eric: “He was referring to you.” |
| Udita: aap is the polite level second person “you” but कर रहा था kar rahaa THaa is the familiar level third person “was doing.” |
| Eric: Are there other ways to mix levels? |
| Udita: There are simpler ways when we are referring to the same person. |
| Eric: How do we say “how are you?” in this way? |
| Udita: आप कैसे हो aap kaiSe ho? Here aap is the polite form of “you” but the verb हो ho, meaning “are” is familiar. |
| Eric: What effect does that have on the sentence? |
| Udita: It’s a good way to address people in a way that lowers the formality, but maintains a level of respect. |
| Eric: There are more examples of how to mix formality levels in the lesson notes, so be sure to check them out. |
| Udita: This can be a little difficult for Hindi learners to fully understand, as using these different levels of politeness is instinctive for Hindi speakers. |
| Eric: Can you give us some hints and tips on how to use the different levels? |
| Udita: In general, we use familiar and casual speech with people we are close to. Polite speech should be saved for the most formal and detached situations, as it’s too stiff for everyday situations. |
| Eric: What are the best situations for mixed level speech, such as the examples we mentioned in this lesson? |
| Udita: You can use it with someone you are close to, but who is older than you. Also, you would use this with any staff that work in your home as it shows a level of closeness, but still keeps the politeness. |
| Eric: How about people in the service industry? How should you address a taxi driver or hair stylist in Hindi? |
| Udita: This mixed level Hindi is perfect for those situations too. The key is to retain polite pronouns, but use familiar level verb conjugations. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा alviDaa |
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