Learn about intransitive verbs
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 23 - Are You Ready for a Hiking Challenge in India? |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 23 - Are You Ready for a Hiking Challenge in India? Eric Here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते NamaSTe I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn more about intransitive verbs. The conversation takes place at a home. |
| Udita: It's between Farah and Naina, following a television report. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they’ll speak familiar Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| घोषक : स्टॉक कांगड़ी उत्तर-पश्चिम भारत के लदाख अंचल की सर्वोच्च चोटी, छः हज़ार एक सौ तिरपन मीटर की ऊंचाई पर स्थित है। |
| घोषक : इसे चढ़ने के लिए तैयारी बहुत ज़रूरी है। लदाख में भारतीय पर्यटक से ज़्यादा, यूरोपियन पर्यटक आते हैं। |
| घोषक : इसका बहुत बड़ा कारण यह है कि इतनी ऊँचाई के पहाड़ यूरोप में नहीं होते जितने हिमालय पर्वत में है। लदाख में ऐसे पहाड़ों पर चढ़ने की मंशा पूरी करने ये पर्यटक आते हैं। |
| घोषक : भारतवासिओं में ऐसे पहाड़ों पर चढ़ने की लोकप्रियता नहीं है, इस कारण लदाख में पर्यटक ज़्यादातर बाहरी देशों के होते हैं। |
| घोषक : स्टॉक कांगड़ी की चोटी तक पहुंचना कोई आसान काम नहीं, लेकिन पहुँचने पर असाधारण और अतुलनीय दृश्य दिखाई पड़ता है। |
| घोषक : कांगड़ी से तिब्बत साफ साफ तो दिखता ही है, काराकोरम और ज़ांस्कर वैली के भी भव्य नज़ारे मिलते हैं। |
| नैना : यह जगह तो बहुत कमाल की लगती है! |
| फ़राह : हाँ और बहुत ठण्डी भी। क्या कभी इतनी बर्फ देखी है? |
| नैना : कभी नहीं। लेकिन देखना ज़रूर चाहूंगी। |
| फ़राह : अच्छा? तो इस बार पहाड़ चढ़ने चलें? |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| घोषक : स्टॉक कांगड़ी उत्तर-पश्चिम भारत के लदाख अंचल की सर्वोच्च चोटी, छः हज़ार एक सौ तिरपन मीटर की ऊंचाई पर स्थित है। |
| घोषक : इसे चढ़ने के लिए तैयारी बहुत ज़रूरी है। लदाख में भारतीय पर्यटक से ज़्यादा, यूरोपियन पर्यटक आते हैं। |
| घोषक : इसका बहुत बड़ा कारण यह है कि इतनी ऊँचाई के पहाड़ यूरोप में नहीं होते जितने हिमालय पर्वत में है। लदाख में ऐसे पहाड़ों पर चढ़ने की मंशा पूरी करने ये पर्यटक आते हैं। |
| घोषक : भारतवासिओं में ऐसे पहाड़ों पर चढ़ने की लोकप्रियता नहीं है, इस कारण लदाख में पर्यटक ज़्यादातर बाहरी देशों के होते हैं। |
| घोषक : स्टॉक कांगड़ी की चोटी तक पहुंचना कोई आसान काम नहीं, लेकिन पहुँचने पर असाधारण और अतुलनीय दृश्य दिखाई पड़ता है। |
| घोषक : कांगड़ी से तिब्बत साफ साफ तो दिखता ही है, काराकोरम और ज़ांस्कर वैली के भी भव्य नज़ारे मिलते हैं। |
| नैना : यह जगह तो बहुत कमाल की लगती है! |
| फ़राह : हाँ और बहुत ठण्डी भी। क्या कभी इतनी बर्फ देखी है? |
| नैना : कभी नहीं। लेकिन देखना ज़रूर चाहूंगी। |
| फ़राह : अच्छा? तो इस बार पहाड़ चढ़ने चलें? |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Announcer: Stok Kangri, the highest peak in the northwestern region of Ladakh, is located at 6,153 metres altitude. |
| Announcer: It takes a lot of preparation to climb this peak. More European tourists tend to visit Ladakh than Indian tourists. |
| Announcer: One large reason for this is that Europe does not have mountain peaks at such high altitudes as the Himalayan range does. These tourists come to Ladakh to fulfill their desire to climb such high-altitude peaks. |
| Announcer: There isn't as much popularity with such mountain trekking amongst Indians, thus the majority of visitors to Ladakh tend to be from foreign countries. |
| Announcer: It is not an easy task to reach the top of Stok Kangri, but upon reaching the peak, one can view an exceptional and breathtaking sight. |
| Announcer: Tibet is of course clearly visible from Kangri, but the beautiful sights of the Karakoram and Zanskar valleys are also visible from here. |
| Naina: This place sounds amazing! |
| Farah: Yes and very cold too. Have you ever seen that much snow? |
| Naina: Never. But I would definitely like to. |
| Farah: Really? Should we go hiking then? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: In the dialogue in this lesson, we heard about a tourist region in India. |
| Udita: Yes, Ladakh is in the northernmost state of India. It is bordered by Tibet on the west. It extends from the Kunlun mountain range in the north to the Himalayas. |
| Eric: What is Ladakh known for? |
| Udita: It’s known for its mountainous beauty and unique indigenous culture. |
| Eric: What type of culture is that? |
| Udita: Much of the culture, cuisine, and lifestyle is similar to Tibet. The population is half Tibetan Buddhists and half Shia Muslim. |
| Eric: The dialogue said that the mountains were popular trekking routes. |
| Udita: That’s right. There are other adventure activities that tourists can do there too. It’s also a central spot for Tibetan Buddhist pilgrimage. |
| Eric:Sounds like an interesting place! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: अंचल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: region, zone |
| Udita: अंचल[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अंचल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सर्वोच्च [natural native speed] |
| Eric: topmost, highest |
| Udita: सर्वोच्च[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सर्वोच्च [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: ऊँचाई [natural native speed] |
| Eric: height |
| Udita: ऊँचाई[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ऊँचाई [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: मंशा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: desire, aspiration, intention |
| Udita: मंशा[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मंशा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: असाधारण [natural native speed] |
| Eric: exceptional |
| Udita: असाधारण[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: असाधारण [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: अतुलनीय [natural native speed] |
| Eric: incomparable, matchless |
| Udita: अतुलनीय[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अतुलनीय [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: दृश्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: view, sight, scene |
| Udita: दृश्य[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दृश्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: भव्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: gorgeous, beautiful |
| Udita: भव्य[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भव्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: नज़ारा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: view, sight, point of view |
| Udita: नज़ारा[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: नज़ारा [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: मंशा maNsaa |
| Eric: meaning "desire, aspiration" |
| Eric: What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: मंशा maNsaa is a feminine noun. It means more than just a basic desire, and it refers to deep or long-held desires. |
| Eric: Such as something that you’ve wanted to do for your whole life? |
| Udita: Yes. It usually follows a possessive pronoun or the possessive particle की kii. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. क्या यहां आने की आपकी बहुत पुरानी मंशा थी? Kyaa yahaa aaNe kii aapkii bahuT puraaNii maNsaa THii? |
| Eric: ..which means "Was it an old desire of yours to come here?" Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: नज़ारा Nazaaraa |
| Eric: meaning "view, sight, point of view". What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: नज़ारा Nazaaraa is a masculine noun. |
| Eric: How do you use this? |
| Udita: It comes from another noun, नज़र Nazar, which means “vision” or “view”. It means two things, firstly the way a person sees things, like “point of view” or even “worldview”. |
| Eric: And the second? |
| Udita: The scene or sight visible to you, like a “good view or scene”. |
| Eric: What’s an example using this word? |
| Udita: You can say.. हमारे घर से शहर का बहुत अच्छा नज़ारा दिखाई देता है। hamaare ghar Se sahar kaa bahuT acchaa Nazaaraa Dikhaaii DeTaa hai. |
| Eric: .. which means "We have an excellent view of the city from my home." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about structuring the indirect voice in more depth. Let’s look at how to use intransitive verbs in elevated language. |
| Udita: We only use these in sentences in the indirect voice, where we use intransitive verbs to make sentences without the focus on a subject. Here we learn to combine them with auxiliary verbs to make the sentence more eloquent. |
| Eric: Okay. Let’s work through an example. |
| Udita: In the dialogue, we used दिखना DikhNaa, which is an intransitive verb meaning “to be seen”. |
| Eric: How do you say “Your car is visible from the back” using this verb in the simplest way? |
| Udita: पीछे से तुम्हारी गाड़ी दिख रही है। piiche Se Tumhaarii gaadii Dikh rahii hai. That uses the present tense of दिखना DikhNaa, which is दिख रहा है Dikh rahaa hai - meaning “is visible”. To elevate this, we can use 2 auxiliary verbs, देना DeNaa or पड़ना padNaa to get दिखाई देना Dikhaaii DeNaa and दिखाई पड़ना Dikhaaii padNaa. |
| Eric: And this makes it more proper. |
| Udita: Right. |
| Eric: So what are the final sentences we get using these? |
| Udita: पीछे से तुम्हारी गाड़ी दिखाई दे रही है। piiche Se Tumhaarii gaadii Dikhaii De rahii hai and पीछे से तुम्हारी गाड़ी दिखाई पड़ रही है। piiche Se Tumhaarii gaadii Dikhaaii pad rahii hai. |
| Eric: ..which are both more proper ways of saying ‘Your car is visible from the back’. |
| Udita: That’s right. The difference is nuanced, but this is a better way of saying the same sentence. |
| Eric: Okay. This was for intransitive verbs. What about transitive ones? |
| Udita: We make them indirect by joining auxiliary verbs. |
| Eric: What are the main auxiliary verbs used for this? |
| Udita: There are 4 common ones - लेना leNaa, देना DeNaa, जाना jaaNaa, पड़ना padNaa and sometimes होना hoNaa. |
| Eric: The tenses can be found in the lesson notes. Let’s look at another example verb and auxiliary. |
| Udita: Sure. For example, लिखना LikhNaa means “to write”, but लिखा जाना Likhaa jaaNaa means “to be usually written as” like if you say “this is usually written as..”. |
| Eric: There are more examples and a table for these auxiliary verbs in the lesson notes. |
| Udita: Yes, so please do check those out, listeners. The use of auxiliary verbs can be complex. We often use several verbs as a verb compound to get the right nuance in Hindi. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example of this? |
| Udita: Sure. For instance, we can see this with the verb रखना rakhNaa meaning "to place or keep" something. |
| Eric: How would you use it simply on its own? |
| Udita: For example - किताब रखा है kiTaab rakhaa hai. |
| Eric: Meaning "The book is placed." |
| Udita: If you add the auxiliary देना DeNaa it becomes किताब रख दिया है kiTaab rakh Diyaa hai. - |
| Eric: Meaning "The book is kept.." - the sentence doesn’t tell us who did the act, but someone has kept or placed the book. |
| Udita: Right. “Kept” in this case can mean “put away” too. To this we can add जाना jaaNaa to get a more indirect and polite form - किताब रख दिया गया है kiTaab rakh Diyaa gayaa hai. |
| Eric: Which means "The book has been kept" or “put away”. |
| Udita: That’s right. These kinds of verb compounds are used to make more elevated and complex sentences. The nuance may not always translate in the same way in English. |
| Eric: Right, but you can understand the meaning when people use these kinds of phrases. |
| Udita: Yes, and eventually you’ll be able to use them yourself! |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Udita: अलविदा alviDaa |
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