Learn about the past tense
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 25 - Recovering From Old Wounds in India |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 25 - Recovering From Old Wounds in India. Eric Here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते NamaSTe I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn more about using the past tense. The conversation takes place over the phone. |
| Udita: It's between Priya and Maneesha. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they’ll speak familiar Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| प्रिया 1: हेलो मनीषा? हाँ, मैं प्रिया बोल रही हूँ। मैंने तुम्हारे एक्सीडेंट के बारे में सुना। कैसे हुआ? |
| मनीषा 2: हाँ मेरी ही गलती है। मैंने ध्यान दिया होता तो एक ही घाव पर दोबारा चोट नहीं लगती। |
| प्रिया 3: क्या दोबारा उसी हड्डी पर चोट लगी है? |
| मनीषा 4: हाँ, बहुत साल पुरानी चोट है तो मुझे लगा घाव भर गया होगा। और उसके बाद भी मैंने बहुत शारीरिक कसरत की है। लेकिन पहले से टूटी हुई हड्डी को नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं करना चाहिए था। |
| प्रिया 5: तुमने सावधानी तो ली होगी न? |
| मनीषा 6: नहीं इसी बात का अफ़सोस है, कि मैं पैर पे सुरक्षा के लिए कोई पट्टी पहन लेती तो शायद गहरी चोट नही लगती। अब भुगतना पड़ेगा। |
| प्रिया 7: चलो खुद को ज़्यादा कोसो मत। बस ठीक होने पर ध्यान दो। और फिर से तुम दौड़ने-कूदने लगोगी। |
| मनीषा 8: हाँ अगली बार ऐसी गलती नहीं करुँगी। |
| प्रिया 9: तुम्हे कुछ भी चाहिए हो तो बेझिझक मुझे बताना। मैं तुमसे मिलने ज़रूर आ जाउंगी। |
| मनीषा 10: शुक्रिया। अभी के लिए मैं ठीक हूँ। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| प्रिया : हेलो मनीषा? हाँ, मैं प्रिया बोल रही हूँ। मैंने तुम्हारे एक्सीडेंट के बारे में सुना। कैसे हुआ? |
| मनीषा : हाँ मेरी ही गलती है। मैंने ध्यान दिया होता तो एक ही घाव पर दोबारा चोट नहीं लगती। |
| प्रिया : क्या दोबारा उसी हड्डी पर चोट लगी है? |
| मनीषा : हाँ, बहुत साल पुरानी चोट है तो मुझे लगा घाव भर गया होगा। और उसके बाद भी मैंने बहुत शारीरिक कसरत की है। लेकिन पहले से टूटी हुई हड्डी को नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं करना चाहिए था। |
| प्रिया : तुमने सावधानी तो ली होगी न? |
| मनीषा : नहीं इसी बात का अफ़सोस है, कि मैं पैर पे सुरक्षा के लिए कोई पट्टी पहन लेती तो शायद गहरी चोट नही लगती। अब भुगतना पड़ेगा। |
| प्रिया : चलो खुद को ज़्यादा कोसो मत। बस ठीक होने पर ध्यान दो। और फिर से तुम दौड़ने-कूदने लगोगी। |
| मनीषा : हाँ अगली बार ऐसी गलती नहीं करुँगी। |
| प्रिया : तुम्हे कुछ भी चाहिए हो तो बेझिझक मुझे बताना। मैं तुमसे मिलने ज़रूर आ जाउंगी। |
| मनीषा : शुक्रिया। अभी के लिए मैं ठीक हूँ। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Priya: Hello Maneesha? Hi, this is Priya calling. I heard about your accident. How did it happen? |
| Maneesha: Yes, it is my fault actually. Had I been more careful I would not have hurt myself on an old injury. |
| Priya: Did you break the same bone? |
| Maneesha: Yes, it is a very old injury, so I thought it had healed. And since then I have done many physically strenuous activities too. But I guess you shouldn't disregard a previously fractured bone. |
| Priya: You must have taken precautions I'm sure? |
| Maneesha: No, that is my biggest regret, that had I put on a protective bandage on my leg or something then maybe such a serious injury could have been avoided. I have to bear it now. |
| Priya: Anyway don't be too hard on yourself now. Just focus on getting better. And then you'll be running and jumping again soon. |
| Maneesha: Yes I won't make this mistake again. |
| Priya: If you need anything feel free to ask me. I will definitely go over to meet with you. |
| Maneesha: Thank you. I'm good for now. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Sounds like Maneesha is in pain. |
| Udita: Yes, and it sounds like she has a broken bone, which is nasty. |
| Eric: What are outdoor activities that are traditionally popular in India? |
| Udita: Generally, nature is all around you already, so people wouldn’t make a lot of effort to do things specifically outdoors. Of course each region of India offers different natural scenery and possibility for activities. |
| Eric: Ah, of course. India has such varied regions that I guess it has to change. What types of activities are there? |
| Udita: In the Kashmir region in the north, there are houseboats on lakes |
| Eric: We spoke in an earlier lesson about the Himalayan region being popular for trekking and mountaineering. |
| Udita: We spoke about Kerala before too, and due to the extensive network of backwaters there are houseboats, and also boat racing there. |
| Eric: It seems that there are a few options for activities on the water. |
| Udita: Yes. There is the Ganges network too, which propels down the Himalayas. You can do river rafting there. |
| Eric: Just be careful not to injure yourself like Maneesha! |
| Udita: Yes, be careful! |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Udita: घाव भरना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to heal a wound |
| Udita: घाव भरना[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घाव भरना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: शारीरिक [natural native speed] |
| Eric: physical, bodily |
| Udita: शारीरिक[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: शारीरिक [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: कसरत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: exercise, physical activity, workout, gymnastics |
| Udita: कसरत[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: कसरत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: नज़रअंदाज़ [natural native speed] |
| Eric: neglect, ignore |
| Udita: नज़रअंदाज़[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: नज़रअंदाज़ [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सावधानी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: caution, carefulness |
| Udita: सावधानी[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सावधानी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: अफ़सोस [natural native speed] |
| Eric: regret |
| Udita: अफ़सोस[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अफ़सोस [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सुरक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: protection |
| Udita: सुरक्षा[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सुरक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: भुगतना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to suffer |
| Udita: भुगतना[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भुगतना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: कोसना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to blame repeatedly, to curse, to reproach |
| Udita: कोसना[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: कोसना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: बेझिझक [natural native speed] |
| Eric: without hesitation, freely |
| Udita: बेझिझक[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बेझिझक [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: घाव भरना ghaav bharNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to heal" |
| Eric: What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: घाव ghaav is a noun that means “wound” or any hurt part of the body. भरना bharNaa is a verb that means “to fill”. |
| Eric: So together it means “to heal a wound”. |
| Udita: This is an intransitive verb phrase, so it means that the wound heals on its own naturally. |
| Eric: Is this only for physical bruises? |
| Udita: No, it can be used for emotional ones too. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. ज़्यादा चोट नहीं लगी है इस लिए घाव भरने में कम समय लगेगा। zyaaDaa cot Nahiin lagii hai iS lie ghaav bharNe mein kam Samay lagegaa. |
| Eric: ..which means "It's not a very deep wound, so it should require less time to heal." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: नज़रअंदाज़ NazaraNDaaz |
| Eric: meaning "neglect, ignore". What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: It’s a noun and it comes from the noun नज़र Nazar, which means “sight” or “vision”. It literally means “neglecting to see”. |
| Eric: How do you use this word? |
| Udita: You use it with the verb करना karNaa to mean “to ignore”. |
| Eric: So can it mean to wilfully ignore? |
| Udita: It’s not always wilfully - usually it means “ignoring by mistake” or “failing to notice”, maybe even ‘underestimating’. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. दिल के दर्द को कभी नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं करना चाहिए। Dil ke DarD ko kabhii NazaraNDaaz Nahiin karNaa caahie. |
| Eric: .. which means "You should never ignore heart pains." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: कोसना koSNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to blame repeatedly, to curse, to reproach". What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: This is a transitive verb and it means to blame and curse something as responsible for an accident or a misfortune, including even bad luck. |
| Eric: So it sounds like it’s not just a one-time action of blaming something, but doing it repeatedly. |
| Udita: That’s right. “To blame” isn’t an exact translation though, as it can also refer to repeatedly badmouthing or cursing someone or something for messing up - this doesn’t have to be out loud to anyone necessarily. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say... लोगों की आदत है हर समस्या के लिए सरकार को कोसना। logon kii aaDaT hai har SamaSyaa ke lie Sarkaar ko koSNaa. |
| Eric: .. which means "It's a common habit of people to blame the government for every problem." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn more about using the past tense. |
| Udita: We’ll talk about a special verb tense that uses the “to be” verb, होना hoNaa. |
| Eric: We’ve used this verb many times throughout this series. |
| Udita: If you use a verb with होना hoNaa to describe the way things are, the verb transforms so that it can be used like an adjective form. |
| Eric: Sounds like magic! |
| Udita: Not quite. The “to be” verb uses this form in the tenses हुआ huaa, हुई huii, and हुए huee. The verbs combined with this should be in a special verb tense such as टूटे हुए tuute hue, meaning “broken”. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example? |
| Udita: धुले हुए कपड़ों को वहाँ रखिए। DHuLe hue kapdon ko vahaan rakhie. |
| Eric: “Please place the washed clothes there.” |
| Udita: This uses धुले हुए which means “washed”. The verb that precedes “to be” has to be in the past tense in this form. |
| Eric: Can you give us some examples of verbs with “to do”? |
| Udita: Okay, the verb for “to write” is लिखना LikhNaa, so “written” is लिखा हुआ Likhaa huaa. |
| Eric: And one more? |
| Udita: The verb for “to wear” is पहनना pahaNNaa, so “worn” is पहना हुआ pahaNaa huaa. |
| Eric: Those are both transitive verbs. Here is one last example with an intransitive verb. |
| Udita: The verb for “to fall” is गिरना girNaa, so “fallen” is गिरा हुआ giraa huaa. |
| Eric: How do we use these in sentences? |
| Udita: If we make a regular past tense sentence such as “flowers had bloomed” it is फूल खिले phuuL khiLe but using this form as an adjective you can say “खिले हुए फूल” khile hue phuul. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example sentence? |
| Udita: Sure सारे खिले हुए फूल सफ़ेद रंग के हैं। Saare khile hue phuuL SafeD raNg ke hain |
| Eric: “All the blooming flowers are white in color.” |
| Udita: Here is another example - सारे बिखरे हुए खिलौने इकठ्ठा करो। Saare bikhre hue khiLaune ikatthaa karo. |
| Eric: “Gather all the scattered toys”. |
| Udita: And “मेरे खींचे हुए फ़ोटो सब अच्छे निकले हैं। mere khiince hue foto Sab acche NikLe hain”. |
| Eric: “All the photos taken by me have turned out well”. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. |
| Udita: And for this series. |
| Eric: We hope you enjoyed it and found it useful. |
| Udita: If you have any questions or comments, please leave a post at HindiPod101.com. |
| Eric: In the meantime, thanks for listening, and we’ll see you in another series. |
| Udita: अलविदा alviDaa |
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