Learn about the बढ़ते देखकर ("on seeing increasing") sentence structure to talk about action based on occurrence
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 3 - Make Sure You Don't Get Your Bike Stolen in India! |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 3 - Make Sure You Don't Get Your Bike Stolen in India! Eric Here. |
| Udita: नमस्तेNamaSTe I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to construct sentences with multiple actions and occurrences. |
| Udita: This conversation takes place between Naina and Akash. They are listening to the news and talk about it afterwards. |
| Eric: The speakers are family members, so they will speak casual Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| समाचार-वाचक: उत्तर प्रदेश के सहारनपुर में वाहन चोरी की घटनाओं में लगातार बढ़ाव दिखाई दे रहा है| हाल ही में एक चोर महज तीस सेकंड में नकली चाभी से मोटरबाइक को लेकर भाग गया। |
| समाचार-वाचक: चोर की तलाश की जा रही है, लेकिन चोरिओं को बढ़ते देखकर पुलिस ने लोगों को ध्यान रखने की चेतावनी दी है। |
| नैना : क्या बात है - अचानक ऐसी चोरियाँ क्यों बढ़ रही हैं? |
| आकाश : पता नहीं, बेकार की परेशानी बन गयी है। कॉलेज में काफी चोरियाँ ऐसी हुई हैं। |
| नैना : अच्छा? तेरे पहचान में किसी के साथ हुआ है क्या ऐसा? |
| आकाश : हाँ मेरे क्लास में एक लड़का है जिसकी बाइक पिछले हफ्ते चोरी हुई थी। मेरा दोस्त, श्याम, बता रहा था। |
| नैना : क्या इस कारण तू आजकल बस से जा रहा है? |
| आकाश : हाँ कुछ दिनों के लिए बाइक नहीं ले रहा हूँ। एक ही तो बाइक है - खामखा उसे गवाना नहीं है। |
| नैना : कब तक घर में रखोगे? |
| आकाश : हाँ तय करना मुश्किल है। पता नहीं ऐसे चोर हमेशा रहेंगे या थोड़े समय की बात है। कुछ दिन तो ज़रूर बर्दाश्त करना होगा। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| समाचार-वाचक: उत्तर प्रदेश के सहारनपुर में वाहन चोरी की घटनाओं में लगातार बढ़ाव दिखाई दे रहा है| हाल ही में एक चोर महज तीस सेकंड में नकली चाभी से मोटरबाइक को लेकर भाग गया। |
| समाचार-वाचक: चोर की तलाश की जा रही है, लेकिन चोरिओं को बढ़ते देखकर पुलिस ने लोगों को ध्यान रखने की चेतावनी दी है। |
| नैना : क्या बात है - अचानक ऐसी चोरियाँ क्यों बढ़ रही हैं? |
| आकाश : पता नहीं, बेकार की परेशानी बन गयी है। कॉलेज में काफी चोरियाँ ऐसी हुई हैं। |
| नैना : अच्छा? तेरे पहचान में किसी के साथ हुआ है क्या ऐसा? |
| आकाश : हाँ मेरे क्लास में एक लड़का है जिसकी बाइक पिछले हफ्ते चोरी हुई थी। मेरा दोस्त, श्याम, बता रहा था। |
| नैना : क्या इस कारण तू आजकल बस से जा रहा है? |
| आकाश : हाँ कुछ दिनों के लिए बाइक नहीं ले रहा हूँ। एक ही तो बाइक है - खामखा उसे गवाना नहीं है। |
| नैना : कब तक घर में रखोगे? |
| आकाश : हाँ तय करना मुश्किल है। पता नहीं ऐसे चोर हमेशा रहेंगे या थोड़े समय की बात है। कुछ दिन तो ज़रूर बर्दाश्त करना होगा। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Newsreader: In Uttar Pradesh state's Saharanpur City, incidents of vehicle theft are on the rise. Recently, one thief managed to steal a motorbike with a duplicate key and escape in merely 30 seconds. |
| Newsreader: The search for the thief is on, however the police have advised people to be very careful with their vehicles. |
| Naina: What's going on - why are these thefts on the rise? |
| Akash: No idea. It's become an unnecessary nuisance. There have been several such incidents at the university. |
| Naina: Really? Has this happened to someone you know? |
| Akash: Yeah, there's a boy in my class whose bike was stolen last week. My friend Shyam told me. |
| Naina: Is that why you are traveling by bus these days? |
| Akash: Yeah I'm not going to take my bike for a few days. I just have one bike—why risk losing it unnecessarily? |
| Naina: How long do you plan on keeping it at home? |
| Akash: Yes it's hard to decide. I don't know if this is going to continue or if it is just a temporary matter. I'll definitely have to tolerate it for a while at least. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Wow, so there have been a few bike thefts! |
| Udita: Yeah, seems like it! There have been so many that it made the local news. |
| Eric: What is TV news like in India? Is there one show that everyone watches? |
| Udita: Well, TV news in India can be divided into categories - regional and national. |
| Eric: Oh, so I guess the regional news focuses on stories important to that region. |
| Udita: Although that’s true, it’s also because India has about 26 officially recognized languages and the regions retain those linguistic traditions. |
| Eric: So what language is the national news broadcast in? Hindi? |
| Udita: Some channels do broadcast in Hindi and it is the most used language in India, but even Hindi doesn’t cover everyone. The only language that covers across India and reaches everyone who is literate and educated is... |
| Eric: [...dramatic pause…] |
| Udita: English! So the national news is usually in English. |
| Eric: Oh, wow! Is that the same for national newspapers too? |
| Udita: Yes, they’re in English too. |
| Eric: Interesting! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: घटना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “event, incident, phenomenon” |
| Udita: घटना[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घटना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: लगातार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “continuously, unceasing” |
| Udita: लगातार[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: लगातार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: बढ़ाव [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “rise, increase” |
| Udita: बढ़ाव[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बढ़ाव [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: महज [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “mere, only” |
| Udita: महज[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: महज [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: नकली [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “false, fake” |
| Udita: नकली[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: नकली [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: तलाश [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “inspection, search” |
| Udita: तलाश[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: तलाश [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: चेतावनी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “warning, caution” |
| Udita: चेतावनी[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: चेतावनी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: बेकार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “unnecessary, rubbish, useless” |
| Udita: बेकार[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बेकार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: गवाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “to lose, to be deprived of” |
| Udita: गवाना[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: गवाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: खामखा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “unnecessarily” |
| Udita: खामखा[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: खामखा [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: महज mahaj |
| Eric: meaning "mere,” or “only" |
| Eric: What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: महज mahaj is a special adjective. |
| Eric: Why is it special? |
| Udita: It’s used right before an amount, and can only be used with amounts and numbers. |
| Eric: Can we use it to say something like “a mere hour”? |
| Udita: Yes! - महज एक घंटा mahaj ek ghaNtaa. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. महज पांच दिन में पूजा ने पूरा काम कर दिया। mahaj paaNc DiN mein puujaa Ne puuraa kaam kar Diyaa. |
| Eric: ..which means "In just five days Pooja completed the whole task." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: गवाना gavaaNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to lose, to be deprived of" |
| Eric: What can you tell us about this? |
| Udita: गवाना gavaaNaa is a transitive verb. |
| Eric: And how can we use it? |
| Udita: We can use it to say things such as “to lose an opportunity” or “to waste”. |
| Eric: You said that it was a transitive verb, so is it used for things we lose intentionally? |
| Udita: Not quite - More for things that we allow to be taken away, or for instance, opportunities that you lose through carelessness or some mistake. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: For example, you can say.. उपस्थित समय को गवाना नहीं चाहिए।upaSTHiT Samay ko gavaaNaa Nahiin caahie. |
| Eric: .. which means "One should not waste the present time” or “time at hand." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: बेकार bekaar |
| Eric: meaning "unnecessary, waste, useless" |
| Udita: बेकार bekaar is an adjective and it’s usually paired with particles like में mein or का/की/के kaa/kii/ke. |
| Eric: What does it mean when paired with those particles? |
| Udita: बेकार में bekaar mein means “in vain” as में mein means “in”. The other particles I listed all mean “of”, and when put between bekaar and a noun, it means “useless thing”. |
| Eric: Can we use it to describe people too? |
| Udita: Sure. बेकार आदमी bekaar aaDmii, for example, can mean a “jobless person”, a “wastrel”, but generally it is used with objects and things, not people. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Yes, for example, you can say.. हम बेकार में लाइन में घंटों तक खड़े रहे और अंदर पहुँचने से पहले गेट बंद हो गया।ham bekaar mein LaaiN mein ghaNton Tak khade rahe aur aNDar pahuncNe Se pahLe get baND ho gayaa. |
| Eric: .. which means "We waited in line for hours in vain - the gate closed before we could get in." |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to construct Sentences with multiple actions and occurrences. How do we link verbs in Hindi sentences? |
| Udita: It depends on the relation between the actions. For example, if we use the verb conjugation verb-root plus कर kar, this first verb is used to show cause, and then another action must follow. |
| Eric: Let’s work through an example. |
| Udita: Okay. मैं ने पक्षी को उढ़ते देखा। main Ne paksii ko urhTe Dekhaa. |
| Eric: This means “I saw the bird fly”. |
| Udita: Right. There are two verbs – “to see” and “to fly”. The original action is the bird flying, so the "to fly" is our Causal verb. The 1st action that happens after the Causal verb is "seeing the bird fly", so the 1st action verb is "to see". |
| Eric: How do we combine these two verbs? |
| Udita: When there are only these 2 actions, the order will be: causal verb followed by the 1st verb. |
| Eric: Oh, so “to fly” will go before “to see”? |
| Udita: Yes. “To fly” is उढना urhNaa, but it has to be conjugated to उढ़ते urhTe. “To see” should be past tense, so that it becomes देखा Dekhaa. And as it’s a past tense sentence, we need to use subject and object markers ने Ne and को ko. |
| Eric: So the full sentence is again... |
| Udita: मैं ने पक्षी को उढ़ते देखा।main Ne paksii ko urhTe Dekhaa. |
| Eric: Of course, this is all in the lesson notes too, so make sure to read them once the lesson is finished! |
| Udita: Yes. Now shall we see some more actions? |
| Eric: I think we should! Let’s say we saw a bird in the sky, and it was a very rare bird. “On seeing the bird fly, I took a photo”. How do we make a sentence like that, where we did an action, in this case taking a photo, because we saw something? |
| Udita: We already have the first half of the sentence, मैं ने पक्षी को उढ़ते देखा main Ne paksii ko urhTe Dekhaa. |
| Eric: “I saw the bird fly”. |
| Udita: So let’s look at the second part, “on seeing, I took a photo”. We need to link the transitive verbs “to see” and “to take a photo”. |
| Eric: How do we do that? |
| Udita: We conjugate “to see” into the form for joining verbs so it becomes देखकर Dekhkar. |
| Eric: And how do we say “took a photo”? |
| Udita: For photography, “To take” is खींचना khiincNaa - which actually means "to pull", except in this situation. This needs to be conjugated to the past tense, so it's खींचा khiincaa. |
| Eric: So how about the second half? |
| Udita: देखकर फोटो खींचा। Dekhkar foto khiincaa. |
| Eric: Now the important part, putting it all together. |
| Udita: मैं ने पक्षी को उढ़ते देखकर फोटो खींचा। main Ne paksii ko urhTe Dekhkar foto khiincaa. |
| Eric: “On seeing the bird fly, I took a photo”. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Udita: अलविदा aLviDaa |
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