Learn how to make arguments and predictions with conditions
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 4 - Making Way for Change in India |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 4 - Making Way for Change in India. Eric Here. |
| Udita: नमस्तेNamaSTe I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about making predictions and arguments with conditions, and using intransitive verbs in the form "gets done". The conversation takes place at a cafe. |
| Udita: It's between Sapna and Karan. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they will speak familiar Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| करन : सुना है कि यहाँ फ्लाईओवर बनाने वाले हैं। |
| सपना : हाँ, उसको लेकर काफ़ी वाद-विवाद चल रहा है। इस इलाके के बाशिंदे, खासकर अपार्टमेंट घरों के निवासी, ऐसा नहीं चाहते क्यूंकि उन्हें शोर से दिक्कत हो सकती है। |
| करन : अच्छा? लेकिन फ्लाईओवर के बनने से तो शहर के अधिक ट्रैफिक जामों से सबको थोड़ी राहत मिलेगी। |
| सपना : बिलकुल। इस शहर के रास्तों की हालत बेहद बिगड़ गयी है। और तो और यहाँ आबादी बढ़ रही है, वाहनों का उपयोग भी बढ़ रहा है। |
| सपना : इस समस्या को बहुत पहले ही सुधारना चाहिए था। |
| करन : शहर की दूसरी ओर तक जाने के लिए दो-तीन घंटे ट्रैफिक जैम में रोज़ बिताना तो अनिवार्य हो गया है। बहुत सारे फ्लाईओवर बनते हैं तो जाके थोड़ी उन्नति होती है। |
| सपना : ठीक ठीक। लेकिन अपार्टमेंट के इतने करीब लगाएंगे तो बेशक निवासिओं को असुविधा तो होगी। उनके नज़र से भी सही है। |
| करन : लेकिन हर फ्लाईओवर प्रोजेक्ट में ऐसी बाधा आयी तो फ्लाईओवर बनने से रहे। |
| सपना : बात तो सही है। वैसे यह लोग फ्लाईओवर के विरोधी तो नहीं है। बस थोड़ा दूर हटा दें, अौर उनकी तकलीफ का ख्याल कर लें, तो सब खुश हो सकते हैं। |
| करन : हाँ यह भी सही है। और सिर्फ पांच-छः फ्लाईओवर से नहीं चलेगा, मेट्रो, बस वगेरे को भी बढ़ाना ज़रूरी हो गया है। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time, slowly. |
| करन : सुना है कि यहाँ फ्लाईओवर बनाने वाले हैं। |
| सपना : हाँ, उसको लेकर काफ़ी वाद-विवाद चल रहा है। इस इलाके के बाशिंदे, खासकर अपार्टमेंट घरों के निवासी, ऐसा नहीं चाहते क्यूंकि उन्हें शोर से दिक्कत हो सकती है। |
| करन : अच्छा? लेकिन फ्लाईओवर के बनने से तो शहर के अधिक ट्रैफिक जामों से सबको थोड़ी राहत मिलेगी। |
| सपना : बिलकुल। इस शहर के रास्तों की हालत बेहद बिगड़ गयी है। और तो और यहाँ आबादी बढ़ रही है, वाहनों का उपयोग भी बढ़ रहा है। |
| सपना : इस समस्या को बहुत पहले ही सुधारना चाहिए था। |
| करन : शहर की दूसरी ओर तक जाने के लिए दो-तीन घंटे ट्रैफिक जैम में रोज़ बिताना तो अनिवार्य हो गया है। बहुत सारे फ्लाईओवर बनते हैं तो जाके थोड़ी उन्नति होती है। |
| सपना : ठीक ठीक। लेकिन अपार्टमेंट के इतने करीब लगाएंगे तो बेशक निवासिओं को असुविधा तो होगी। उनके नज़र से भी सही है। |
| करन : लेकिन हर फ्लाईओवर प्रोजेक्ट में ऐसी बाधा आयी तो फ्लाईओवर बनने से रहे। |
| सपना : बात तो सही है। वैसे यह लोग फ्लाईओवर के विरोधी तो नहीं है। बस थोड़ा दूर हटा दें, अौर उनकी तकलीफ का ख्याल कर लें, तो सब खुश हो सकते हैं। |
| करन : हाँ यह भी सही है। और सिर्फ पांच-छः फ्लाईओवर से नहीं चलेगा, मेट्रो, बस वगेरे को भी बढ़ाना ज़रूरी हो गया है। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Karan: I've heard that they're building a highway here. |
| Sapna: Yes, there's a lot of debate going on about that. The inhabitants of this area, especially those living in apartments, are not on board with this, because they fear being inconvenienced by noise pollution. |
| Karan: Really? But the flyover will help relieve everyone a little from the excessive traffic congestion in the city. |
| Sapna: Absolutely. The situation on the roads has really deteriorated in this city. Moreover, as the population continues to rise, the use of vehicles is also on the rise. |
| Sapna: This problem should have been addressed long back. |
| Karan: To get across town, spending 2-3 hours in a traffic jam each day has become unavoidable! Should a bunch of highways be built then will there be some improvement. |
| Sapna: Right. But if they place them so close to apartment complexes, then the residents will have problems of course. Their point of view is right too. |
| Karan: But if there are such barriers in all the flyover projects, then they will never get made. |
| Sapna: That is also true. Well, the people are not opposed to the flyovers themselves. If they get moved a little, accommodating for these people's issues, then everyone can be happy with it. |
| Karan: Yes that's also true. And 5-6 highways won't suffice anyway. Metro, buses, and so on, have to be expanded too. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: This lesson’s dialogue was all about proposals to relieve traffic congestion. |
| Udita: It’s the kind of conversation you’d hear in many cities all over the world. |
| Eric: That’s true! What's the traffic like in India? |
| Udita: It can be pretty bad, especially in Mumbai. |
| Eric: Oh? Why Mumbai? |
| Udita: Unlike the capital city New Delhi, the roads are narrow and they aren’t maintained as well. It’s infamous for traffic jams and long commutes. |
| Eric: Sounds like a nightmare for drivers. |
| Udita: It is. You need to have a lot of patience to drive a car in Mumbai! |
| Eric: Are they many cars in Mumbai? |
| Udita: As each year goes by more people can afford to buy cars, so it keeps getting worse. Additionally there's massive migration to Mumbai all the time. It’s known as ‘The City of Dreams’ and attracts many people from all over India. |
| Eric: Is there a lot of tourism to Mumbai to add to the problem too? |
| Udita: Sure, Mumbai is a top destination for business and tourist trips. |
| Eric:Yea, I don’t think I’d want to rent a car while visiting there. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: वादविवाद [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “debate, controversy” |
| Udita: वादविवाद [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: वादविवाद [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: निवासी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “resident, inhabitant” |
| Udita: निवासी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: निवासी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: दिक्कत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “trouble, inconvenience, bother” |
| Udita: दिक्कत [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दिक्कत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: राहत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “relief” |
| Udita: राहत [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: राहत [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: आबादी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “population” |
| Udita: आबादी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आबादी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: समस्या [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “problem” |
| Udita: समस्या [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: समस्या [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सुधारना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “to improve” |
| Udita: सुधारना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सुधारना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: अनिवार्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “required, unavoidable, mandatory” |
| Udita: अनिवार्य [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अनिवार्य [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: विरोधी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: “in opposition with, opposed to, to be against something” |
| Udita: विरोधी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: विरोधी [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: वादविवाद |
| Eric: meaning "debate" |
| Eric: What can you tell us about this word? |
| Udita: वादविवाद vaaDvivaaD is a noun. The first half, वाद vaaD, means “talk”, “point” or “theory”. |
| Eric: Does the second half have a meaning too? |
| Udita: Yes, विवाद vivaaD means “response” or “argument”. |
| Eric: So the two halves together suggest that it is a debate, and not a one-sided argument. |
| Udita: That’s right! |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. वादविवाद तो चलता रहेगा लेकिन इन बातों को दिल पे नहीं लेना चहिए। vaaDvivaaD To caLTaa rahegaa LekiN iN baaTon ko DiL pe Nahiin LeNaa caahie. |
| Eric: ..which means "Debates will keep occurring, but we shouldn't take such things personally." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: सुधारना SuDHaarNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to improve", or “to fix” |
| Eric: What type of word is this? |
| Udita: It’s a transitive verb and it’s used to say “to make better”. |
| Eric: Can we use it for any type of improvement? |
| Udita: It’s used to talk about gradual improvement that takes time, not something that happens overnight. |
| Eric: Like improving your Hindi skills? |
| Udita: Good example! |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure, you can say..अपनी भाषा सुधारने के लिए मैं अखबार पड़ती हूँ। |
| Eric: .. which means "I read the newspaper to improve my language proficiency.” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: विरोध करना viroDH karNaa |
| Eric: meaning "to oppose". What can you tell us about this one? |
| Udita: विरोध viroDH is a noun meaning “opposition”, and करना karNaa is a transitive verb that means “to do” |
| Eric: So together they mean “to oppose” or “to protest”. |
| Udita: Right. If you want to specify what you oppose or protest, you have to put that before this phrase and add the possessive particle. |
| Eric: So if I wanted to say “to protest a law…” |
| Udita: you would use नियम का विरोध करना Niyam kaa viroDH karNaa. |
| Eric: Can you use this phrase in a sentence? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. मेरे माता-पिता ने कभी मेरी आकांक्षाओं के प्रति विरोध नहीं किया। |
| Eric: .. which means "My parents never opposed my wishes." |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about making predictions and arguments with conditions, and using intransitive verbs in the form "gets done". Specifically, we’ll look at sentences that can loosely be translated as “when X happens, Y will happen”. |
| Udita: We use this type of sentence to talk about events when the possibilities are known. You see it in sports a lot. |
| Eric: Oh yeah, where you can use the current standings to predict how the game will go. Is it used in cricket a lot? |
| Udita: Yes, it is. It’s a good sentence pattern for discussing strategy. Generally, we use intransitive verbs in this sentence. |
| Eric: Let’s go through an example. “Should X happen, then Y will happen”. |
| Udita: X होता है तो Y होगा X hoTaa hai, To Y hogaa. That's in the simple present tense. This can be adjusted as required for masculine, feminine, or plural forms. |
| Eric: Those conjugations are all in the lesson notes, so make sure to check them out. Here is an example from the dialogue: |
| Udita: बहुत सारे फ्लाईओवर बनते हैं तो जाके थोड़ी उन्नति होती है bahuT Saare fLaaiovar baNTe hain To jaake THodii uNNaTi hoTii hai |
| Eric: “Should a bunch of highways be built, only then will there be some improvement.” |
| Udita: That example uses the intransitive verb बनना baNNaa, which means “to be made”. |
| Eric: So the part of the sentence that meant “should highways be made” was |
| Udita: फ्लाईओवर बनते हैं तो fLaaiovar baNte hain To |
| Eric: Is it possible to make these sentences using transitive verbs? |
| Udita: It is, but it’s best to switch to the intransitive verb. Many verbs have both transitive and intransitive versions. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example? |
| Udita: “To take out” is transitive and, in Hindi, is निकालना NikaaLNaa. But, “to come out or to leave” is intransitive and is निकलना NikaLNaa. |
| Eric: So, use the intransitive version. |
| Udita: Yes, the first half of the sentence works better with an intransitive verb. The second half of the sentence is more flexible - it depends on what you want to say and how you will say it. |
| Eric: What do you mean? |
| Udita: If you are speaking in first or second person, you must finish the sentence in present tense, but you can use transitive or intransitive verbs. |
| Eric: And if it is third person? |
| Udita: You can finish the sentence in several different ways. |
| Eric: Okay, let’s hear a couple of examples in third person. |
| Udita: उत्पाद बढ़ता है तो और काम मिलता है uTpaaD barhTaa hai To, aur kaam miLTaa hai |
| Eric: “Should production increase, the work we get increases.” |
| Udita: Yes. In this sentence the 2nd half is in the same present tense and the 2nd verb मिलता miLTaa- "to get", is also intransitive like the 1st. |
| Eric: Okay. Now if the tense is different: |
| Udita: उत्पाद बढ़ता है तो और काम मिलेगा uTpaaD barhTaa hai To, aur kaam miLegaa |
| Eric: “Should production increase, the work we get will increase.” Oh, right. I can see the difference! The 2nd verb is in the future tense this time. |
| Udita: Exactly! Now here’s one with a transitive 2nd half: उत्पाद बढ़ता है तो हम और स्टाफ ले सकते हैं uTpaaD barhTaa hai To, ham aur Staaf Le SakTe hain. |
| Eric: “Should production increase,” or “If production increases, we can hire more staff.” |
| Udita: Yes, and ले सकते हैं Le SakTe hain uses the transitive verb लेना LeNaa ("to take"). |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा aLviDaa |
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