Learn about changing nouns into adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 10 - Enjoying a Delicious Indian Meal. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to change nouns into adjectives. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at Arti’s house. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and Arti. Arti has invited Kate to her house for dinner. |
| Maya: Since they are friends, they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| आरती (aaraTii): दाल में नमक ठीक है? (DaaL men Namak thiik hai?) |
| केट (ket): हाँ, बिल्कुल ठीक है। (haan, biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| आरती (aaraTii): मैंने नमकीन रायता भी बनाया है। (mainNe NamakiiN raayaTaa bhii baNaayaa hai.) |
| केट (ket): धन्यवाद! भारतीय खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट होता है। (DHaNyavaaD! bharaTiiy khaaNaa bahuT svaaDist hoTaa hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| आरती (aaraTii): दाल में नमक ठीक है? (DaaL men Namak thiik hai?) |
| केट (ket): हाँ, बिल्कुल ठीक है। (haan, biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| आरती (aaraTii): मैंने नमकीन रायता भी बनाया है। (mainNe NamakiiN raayaTaa bhii baNaayaa hai.) |
| केट (ket): धन्यवाद! भारतीय खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट होता है। (DHaNyavaaD! bharaTiiy khaaNaa bahuT svaaDist hoTaa hai.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| आरती (aaraTii): दाल में नमक ठीक है? (DaaL men Namak thiik hai?) |
| Arti: Is the salt ok in the Dal? |
| केट (ket): हाँ, बिल्कुल ठीक है। (haan, biLkuL thiik hai.) |
| Kate: Yes, it’s absolutely fine. |
| आरती (aaraTii): मैंने नमकीन रायता भी बनाया है। (mainNe NamakiiN raayaTaa bhii baNaayaa hai.) |
| Arti: I have made salty yogurt, too. |
| केट (ket): धन्यवाद! भारतीय खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट होता है। (DHaNyavaaD! bharaTiiy khaaNaa bahuT svaaDist hoTaa hai.) |
| Kate: Thanks! Indian food is very delicious. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Let’s talk a bit about Indian food here! |
| Udita: Sure! Indian food has a lot of variety and is considered a very rich cuisine. |
| Maya: It’s just as diverse as Indian culture. The cuisine contains several ingredients and a wide range of techniques is used in each household. |
| Maya: The use of herbs and spices has made it a very popular and distinct cuisine across the world. It also breaks the perception that Indian food is just “curry.” |
| Maya: That’s so true! I think this comes from a lack of awareness about authentic Indian food, as restaurants abroad tend to confine themselves to curry menus because they’re so popular. |
| Udita: Absolutely! While curry and naan bread are synonymous with Indian food, there is definitely more to it. |
| Maya: But the generous use of herbs and spices is common to all the varied dishes across India. |
| Udita: Each herb and spice has a different flavour and aroma to offer, and some are not only nutritious, but also good for medicinal purposes. Ok, and with that, let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: दाल (DaaL). |
| Maya: "lentils," "pulses." |
| Udita: दाल (DaaL), दाल (DaaL). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: नमक (Namak). |
| Maya: "salt." |
| Udita: नमक (Namak), नमक (Namak). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: ठीक (thiik). |
| Maya: "ok." |
| Udita: ठीक (thiik), ठीक (thiik). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: नमकीन (NamakiiN). |
| Maya: "salty." |
| Udita: नमकीन (NamakiiN), नमकीन (NamakiiN). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: बनाया (baNaayaa). |
| Maya: "made." |
| Udita: बनाया (baNaayaa), बनाया (baNaayaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: भारतीय (bharaTiiy). |
| Maya: "Indian." |
| Udita: भारतीय (bharaTiiy), भारतीय (bharaTiiy). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa). |
| Maya: "food." |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa), खाना (khaaNaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: स्वादिष्ट (Svaadist). |
| Maya: "delicious." |
| Udita: स्वादिष्ट (Svaadist), स्वादिष्ट (Svaadist). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have बिल्कुल (biLkuL). It’s an adverb that means “absolutely.” बिल्कुल ठीक (biLkuL thiik) means “absolutely ok.” |
| Maya: बिल्कुल (biLkuL) is a very useful adverb and can be used with a lot of adjectives to emphasise the degree of an adjective. |
| Udita: For example, बिल्कुल सही (biLkuL Sahii) can be used to mean “absolutely right.” |
| Maya: we could say बिल्कुल ग़लत (biLkuL gaLaT) to mean “absolutely wrong.” |
| Udita: नमकीन (NamakiiN) means “salty.” It is an adjective that is derived from the noun “salt," which is नमक (Namak) in Hindi. |
| Maya: A lot of adjectives can be derived from a noun by simply adding a suffix to the noun. |
| Udita: What’s next? |
| Maya: Next is रायता (raayaTaa), which is an Indian condiment made with yogurt and eaten as a side dish. The yogurt may be seasoned with coriander, cumin, mint, pepper and other herbs. People prefer to eat रायता (raayaTaa) because it makes it easier for them to handle the spicy flavour of their main course dish. |
| Udita: Last, we have भारतीय खाना (bhaaraTiiy khaaNaa) which means “Indian food.” We could also say भारत का खाना (bhaaraT kaa khaaNaa) to mean “food from India.” |
| Maya: What would you say for “food from Delhi?” |
| Udita: दिल्ली का खाना (DiLLii kaa khaaNaa). |
| Maya: What about “food from Mumbai?” |
| Udita: मुंबई का खाना (mumbaii kaa khaaNaa). |
| Maya: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson we’re going to learn how we can change a noun into an adjective by adding different suffixes. |
| Udita: A large number of adjectives are derived from nouns by adding the suffixes आ (aa), ई (ii), जनक (jaNak), दा (Daa), मे (me), वन (vaN), आना (aaNaa), दाई (Daaii), and many more. |
| Maya: Let’s look at some common adjectives derived by adding a to the noun. |
| Udita: सच (Sac) means “truth” and by simply adding आ (aa) it changes to सच्चा (Saccaa) meaning “truthful.” |
| Maya: Similarly, झूठ (jhuuth) which means “lie” becomes झूठा (jhuuTHaa) which means “liar.” |
| Udita: Can you guess what “भूख” becomes? |
| Maya: भूखा (bhuukhaa). |
| Udita: That’s so simple. Just by adding a suffix we changed “hunger” to “hungry”! |
| Maya: Let’s now look at some words that can be changed using the ई (ii) suffix. |
| Udita: क़ीमत (qiimaT) means “price.” Adding the suffix ई (ii) it becomes क़ीमती (qiimaTii) which means “expensive.” |
| Maya: Similarly, सुख (Sukh) means “comfort” and becomes सुखी (Sukhii) meaning “happy”. |
| Udita: Can you guess the next one? पहाड़ (pahaad) meaning “mountain” would become? |
| Maya: पहाड़ी (pahaadii) meaning “mountainous.” |
| Udita: Let’s look at another suffix - ईन (iiN). |
| Udita: रंग meaning “color” becomes रंगीन meaning “colourful.” |
| Maya: Right! We used this suffix in our conversation to change “salt” into “salty.” |
| Udita: Another useful suffix is – आना (aaNaa). साल means “year” and it becomes सालाना (SaaLaaNaa) meaning “yearly.” |
| Maya: And मर्द means “man” and becomes... |
| Udita: मर्दाना (marDaaNaa) meaning “manly.” |
| Udita: Ok, let’s try one last suffix - दाई (Daaii). |
| Maya: सुख (Sukh) means “comfort” and becomes? |
| Udita: सुखदाई (SukhaDaaii) meaning “comfortable.” We simply add the suffix दाई (Daaii) to change it to an adjective. |
| Maya: Similarly, दुख (Dukh) means “pain” - this one changes to... |
| Udita: दुखदाई meaning “painful.” |
| Maya: There are many more such suffixes that help change a noun into an adjective. You will find them in our lesson notes. |
| Udita: So, please check the lesson notes for more examples and explanations on this topic. |
Outro |
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| Maya: Okay. That’s it for this lesson. Thanks for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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