Learn about aggregation
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 15 - Learning Aggregation in Hindi. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn aggregation in Hindi. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on a street. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and the fruit seller. |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, they will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): यह सेब कितने का है? (yah Seb kiTaNe kaa hai?) |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): दस रुपये। (Das rupaye.) |
| केट (ket): मुझे पाँचोंं चाहिए। थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (mujhe paancon caahiye. THodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): ठीक है। पचास रुपये में दे दूँगी। (thiik hai. pacaaS rupaye men De Duungii.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): यह सेब कितने का है? (yah Seb kiTaNe kaa hai?) |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): दस रुपये। (Das rupaye.) |
| केट (ket): मुझे पाँचोंं चाहिए। थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (mujhe paancon caahiye. THodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): ठीक है। पचास रुपये में दे दूँगी। (thiik hai. pacaaS rupaye men De Duungii.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): यह सेब कितने का है? (yah Seb kiTaNe kaa hai?) |
| Kate: How much is this apple? |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): दस रुपये। (Das rupaye.) |
| Fruit seller: 10 rupees. |
| केट (ket): मुझे पाँचोंं चाहिए। थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (mujhe paancon caahiye. THodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) |
| Kate: I want all five. |
| फल वाली (phaL vaaLii): ठीक है। पचास रुपये में दे दूँगी। (thiik hai. pacaaS rupaye men De Duungii.) |
| Fruit seller: Okay. I will let you have them for 50 rupees. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Let’s talk about street vendors. The street vendor is a very important part of Indian society. |
| Udita: That’s right!! Considering India is still a developing economy, fruit and vegetable markets are still few, and the street vendor is still the preferred choice. |
| Maya: Street vendors are crucial for everyone’s day to day needs, as they are able to sell all kinds of merchandise. |
| Udita: You can find these vendors with mobile carts, which they tend to carry from street to street, depending on the time of day. |
| Maya: A typical street scene in India is housewives wearing colourful saris, gathered around road-side vendors who are selling vegetables in carts and negotiating prices. |
| Udita: The merchandise could be anything from fruits to vegetables to specialized items. |
| Maya: I would say that if you’re visiting India, you're almost certain to catch a glimpse of these vendors. |
| Udita: Definitely. Alright, now let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: सेब (Seb). |
| Maya: "apple." |
| Udita: सेब (Seb), सेब (Seb). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कितने का (kiTaNe kaa). |
| Maya: "how much." |
| Udita: कितने का (kiTaNe kaa), कितने का (kiTaNe kaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: फल वाला (phaL vaaLaa). |
| Maya: "fruit seller." |
| Udita: फल वाला (phaL vaaLaa), फल वाला (phaL vaaLaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: दस (DaS). |
| Maya: "ten." |
| Udita: दस (DaS), दस (DaS). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: पाँचों (paancon). |
| Maya: "all five." |
| Udita: पाँचों (paancon), पाँचों (paancon). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: चाहिए (caahiye). |
| Maya: "want." |
| Udita: चाहिए (caahiye), चाहिए (caahiye). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: थोड़ा (THodaa). |
| Maya: "little." |
| Udita: थोड़ा (THodaa), थोड़ा (THodaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कम (kam). |
| Maya: "less." |
| Udita: कम (kam), कम (kam). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: ठीक (thiik). |
| Maya: "ok." |
| Udita: ठीक (thiik), ठीक (thiik). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have कितने (kiTaNe) which means "how many" in English. When we use it with the postposition का (kaa), it becomes कितने का (kiTaNe kaa) which means "how much cost." |
| Maya: In the dialogue, Kate says यह सेब कितने का है? (yah Seb kiTaNe kaa hai?) which means "How much is this apple?" |
| Udita: Okay, what do we have next? |
| Maya: थोड़ा (THodaa) which means "little" and कम (kam) which means "less." So together, it becomes थोड़ा कम (THodaa kam) which is a very useful phrase when it comes to bargaining. |
| Udita: People often say थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (THodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) which translates as "put little less" and implies "reduce the price" or "make it cheaper." |
| Maya: Another very common phrase for bargaining is ठीक-ठीक लगा लो। (thiik-thiik Lagaa Lo.), where ठीक (thiik) means "ok" while लगा लो (Lagaa Lo) means "put." So, it translates to "make the price ok." |
| Udita: In these situations, the subject "price" is implied and so the meaning can be inferred, even if you don’t use the word explicitly. |
| Maya: However, some people might prefer using it. So the word for "price" is दाम (Daam). So, we could say दाम थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (Daam THodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) |
| Udita: रुपये (rupaye) means "rupees" whereas रुपया (rupayaa) is used for singular numbers. |
| Maya: For example, एक रुपया (ek rupayaa) which means "one rupee." |
| Udita: Similarly for plural numbers, we use रुपये (rupaye). For example, दस रुपये (DaS rupaye) which means "ten rupees." |
| Maya: Often times, you will hear people saying पैसे (paiSe) instead of रुपये (rupaye). This doesn’t mean that they are referring to the literal पैसा (paiSaa) which is one one-hundredth of a rupee, or to coins which are also called पैसे (paiSe). |
| Udita: Although this might sound confusing, it’s simply another way of referring to money. |
| Maya: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to use aggregation, which is very common in Hindi. |
| Udita: Aggregations are required in many situations. Like if you want to point out a number of people, if you want to buy a set of things, and many other scenarios. |
| Maya: Aggregation can be generally expressed by adding a suffix to a numeral. |
| Udita: In the case of "two," we add the suffix -नों (-Non). "Two" in Hindi is दो (Do), adding the suffix -नों (-Non) makes it दोनों (DoNon) meaning "both." |
| Maya: Similarly, तीन (TiiN) becomes तीनों (TiiNon), meaning "all three." |
| Udita: However, for other numerals, a different rule applies. We simply add -ओं (-on). For example, we add -ओं (-on) to चार (caar) and it becomes चारों (caaraon), meaning "all four." |
| Maya: To indicate an indefinite large number, we add the suffix -इयों (-iyon) to the numeral. For example, दसियों (DaSiyon) which means "all ten" or बीसियों (biiSiyon) which means "all twenty." |
| Udita: The suffix -ओं (-on) is also added to the nouns signifying duration, measures, and weight, to indicate large and indefinite numbers or quantity. |
| Maya: For example, महीनों (mahiNon) means "a number of months," बरसों (baraSon), which means "a number of years." |
| Udita: Let's listen to some examples. |
| Maya: Okay. "All five girls" would be? |
| Udita: पाँचों लड़कियां (paancon Ladakiyaan). पाँचों (paancon) means "all five" and लड़कियां (Ladakiyaan) means "girls." So altogether, you can say पाँचों लड़कियां (paancon Ladakiyaan). |
| Maya: "All three cars" would be? |
| Udita: तीनों गाड़ियां (TiiNon gaadiyaan). तीनों (TiiNon) means "all the three" and गाड़ियां (gaadiyaan) means "cars." So altogether, you can say तीनों गाड़ियां (TiiNon gaadiyaan). |
| Maya: "All four houses" would be? |
| Udita: चारों घर (caaron ghar). चारों (caaron) means "all the four" and घर (ghar) means "houses." So, altogether, you can say चारों घर (caaron ghar). |
| Maya: Did you notice that the plural for घर (ghar) is घर (ghar) only. |
| Udita: You would know by now that certain consonants and vowel-ending nouns do not change in their plural forms. |
| Maya: Ok, let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kate says to the fruitseller, मुझे पाँचों चाहिए। थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (mujhe paancon caahiye. Thodaa kam Lagaa Lo.). थोड़ा कम लगा लो। (Thodaa kam Lagaa Lo.) which means "I want all five. Please reduce the price." |
Outro |
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| Maya: Well, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say “all the eight bananas” in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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