Learn about some common time expressions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 16 - Hindi Time Expressions |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn some common time expressions. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at a jogger’s park. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and her neighbor, Kanika. |
| Maya: Since they are friends, they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to their conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): नमस्ते, तुम यहाँ? (NamaSTe, Tum yahaan?) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): हाँ, मैं हर रोज़ यहाँ सैर करने आती हूँ। (haan, main har roz yahaan Sair karaNe aaTii huun. |
| केट (ket): मुझे पता नहीं था। (mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): चलो, एक साथ सैर करते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH Sair karaTe hain.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): नमस्ते, तुम यहाँ? (NamaSTe, Tum yahaan?) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): हाँ, मैं हर रोज़ यहाँ सैर करने आती हूँ। (haan, main har roz yahaan Sair karaNe aaTii huun.) |
| केट (ket): मुझे पता नहीं था। (mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): चलो, एक साथ सैर करते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH Sair karaTe hain.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): नमस्ते, तुम यहाँ? (NamaSTe, Tum yahaan?) |
| Kate: Hi, how come you’re here? |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): हाँ, मैं हर रोज़ यहाँ सैर करने आती हूँ। (haan, main har roz yahaan Sair karaNe aaTii huun.) |
| Kanika: Yes, I come here for a walk everyday. |
| केट (ket): मुझे पता नहीं था। (mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| Kate: I didn’t know that. |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): चलो, एक साथ सैर करते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH Sair karaTe hain.) |
| Kanika: Let's walk together. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Udita: Okay Maya, since they’re talking about going walking, let’s talk about exercise! |
| Maya: Sure thing. Indians are becoming increasingly aware about health and fitness, which means a lot of fitness clubs and gyms have opened up recently. |
| Udita: Gyms have gained popularity more and more over the past decade, as people become more health-conscious. |
| Maya: Cities have even started to maintain parks and jogging tracks to encourage this. |
| Udita: You see people from different age groups exercising early in the morning doing yoga, walking, and going for jogs. |
| Maya: Also, activities like aerobics, swimming, Power Taekwondo, and Kickboxing are becoming popular. |
| Udita: Good to know! Okay, let’s go on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: यहाँ (yahaan). |
| Maya: "here." |
| Udita: यहाँ (yahaan), यहाँ (yahaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: हर (har). |
| Maya: "every." |
| Udita: हर (har), हर (har). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: रोज़ (roz). |
| Maya: "day." |
| Udita: रोज़ (roz), रोज़ (roz). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सैर (Sair). |
| Maya: "walk." |
| Udita: सैर (Sair), सैर (Sair). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: करने (karaNe). |
| Maya: "do." |
| Udita: करने (karaNe), करने (karaNe). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: आती (aaTii). |
| Maya: "come." |
| Udita: आती (aaTii), आती (aaTii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: चलो (caLo). |
| Maya: "let’s." |
| Udita: चलो (caLo), चलो (caLo). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: एक साथ (ek SaaTH). |
| Maya: "together." |
| Udita: एक साथ (ek SaaTH), एक साथ (ek SaaTH). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have यहाँ (yahaan) which means "here." Another very common word for "here" is इधर (iDHar). |
| Maya: So, instead of saying तुम यहाँ? (Tum yahaan?) to ask someone "you here?," we could also say तुम इधर? (Tum iDHar)? |
| Udita: Next, we have आना (aaNaa) which means "to come." आती हूँ। (aaTii huun.) means "I come." or "I’m coming." when said by a female. It becomes आता हूँ। (aaTaa huun.), which means "I come." or "I’m coming." when said by a male, and आते हैं। (aaTe hain.) when said by a group of people. |
| Maya: What’s next? |
| Udita: चलो (caLo) which means "let’s go" or "let’s." It is a very useful word and can be used to invite someone to do something. For example, we could say चलो, खाते हैं। (caLo, khaaTe hain.) to say "let’s eat." |
| Maya: Similarly, we could say चलो, पढ़ते हैं। (caLo, padhaTe hain.) which means "let’s study." |
| Udita: We could also say, एक साथ (ek SaaTH) before a verb to put stress on doing something together. |
| Maya: So, we could say चलो, एक साथ खाते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH khaaTe hain.) which means "let’s eat together." |
| Udita: चलो, एक साथ पढ़ते हैं। (caLo, ek saaTH padhaTe hain.) which means "let’s study together." |
| Maya: So, it means we simply say चलो (caLo) plus एक साथ (ek SaaTH) plus root verb plus ते (Te) plus हैं (hain). |
| Udita: That’s right! So, can you guess what we could say for "let’s sing together?" |
| Maya: चलो, एक साथ गाते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH gaaTe hain.) |
| Udita: Okay - one more! What could we say for "let’s go together?" |
| Maya: चलो, एक साथ चलते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH caLaTe hain.) |
| Udita: Bingo! The word for "walk" is चलना (caLaNaa). The root of the verb is चल (caL). So, applying the rule we just talked about, it becomes चलो, एक साथ चलते हैं। (caLo, ek SaaTH caLaTe hain.). |
| Maya: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson we’re going to learn common time expressions in Hindi. First, let’s look at how to express the concept of "every." |
| Udita: We can either double certain nouns, or add the prefixes प्रति (praTi) or हर (har) before a time expression to mean "every." For example, we could add the prefix हर (har) which means "every" before रोज़ (roz), which means "daily." So together, it becomes हर रोज़ (har roz) which means "every day." |
| Maya: We could also say रोज़-रोज़ (roz-roz) to mean the same thing. |
| Udita: Similarly, we could add the prefix प्रति (praTi) before दिन (DiN). प्रति (praTi) meaning "every." दिन (DiN) is the most common word for "day." So, it becomes प्रतिदिन (praTiDiN), which means "every day." |
| Maya: So, what would we say for "every hour?" |
| Udita: Simple! Just replace "day" with "hour." So, हर रोज़ (har roz) becomes हर घंटे (har ghante). The noun after हर (har) is in the oblique form. घंटा (ghantaa) means "hour," and the oblique form for घंटा (ghantaa) is घंटे (ghante). So, हर घंटे (har ghante) is "every hour." |
| Maya: That’s easy. So, could we use the same prefix with "moment" to mean "every moment?" |
| Udita: Absolutely! "Moment" is पल (paL). So, it becomes हर पल (har paL) to mean "every moment." |
| Maya: Let’s look at some examples. What could we say for "I study every night." |
| Udita: "I" is मैं (main). "Every night" is रोज़ रात (roz raaT). "Study" is पढ़ाई करना (padhaaii karaNaa). So, it becomes मैं रोज़ रात को पढ़ाई करती हूँ। (main roz raaT ko padhaaii karaTii huun.), when said by a female, and मैं रोज़ रात को पढ़ाई करता हूँ। (main roz raaT ko padhaaii karaTaa huun.), when said by a male. |
| Maya: Let’s try another one! "He takes money every month." |
| Udita: वह हर महीने पैसे लेता है। (vah har mahiiNe paiSe LeTaa hai.). वह (vah) means "he," हर महीने (har mahiNe) is "every month," पैसे (paiSe) is "money," लेता है (LeTaa hai) is "takes." So, it becomes "He every month money takes." and translates as "He takes money every month." |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kanika uses the time expression हर रोज़ (har roz) which means "everyday." She says, हाँ, मैं हर रोज़ यहाँ सैर करने आती हूँ। (haan, main har roz yahaan Sair karaNe aaTii huun.) which means "Yes, I come here for a walk every day." |
Outro |
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| Maya: Well, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "I drink milk every night." in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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