Learn about using the Hindi postposition ने (Ne)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 19 - Buying a Gift in India. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn the Postposition ने (Ne). |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at Kanika’s place. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and her neighbor Kanika. |
| Maya: Since they are friends they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): माँ ने आज ई-मेल किया है। (maan Ne aaj ii-meL kiyaa hai.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): क्या लिखा है? (kyaa Likhaa hai?) |
| केट (ket): उनको दिल्ली से सोने की बालियाँ चाहियें। (uNako DiLLii Se SoNe kii baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): सोना बहुत महंगा है आजकल! (SoNaa bahuT mahangaa hai aajakaL!) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): माँ ने आज ई-मेल किया है। (maan Ne aaj ii-meL kiyaa hai.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): क्या लिखा है? (kyaa Likhaa hai?) |
| केट (ket): उनको दिल्ली से सोने की बालियाँ चाहियें। (uNako DiLLii Se SoNe kii baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): सोना बहुत महंगा है आजकल! (SoNaa bahuT mahangaa hai aajakaL!) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): माँ ने आज ई-मेल किया है। (maan Ne aaj ii-meL kiyaa hai.) |
| Kate: Mom wrote an e-mail today. |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): क्या लिखा है? (kyaa Likhaa hai?) |
| Kanika: What did she write? |
| केट (ket): उनको दिल्ली से सोने की बालियाँ चाहियें। (uNako DiLLii Se SoNe kii baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| Kate: She wants earrings from Delhi. |
| कनिका (kaNikaa): सोना बहुत महंगा है आजकल! (SoNaa bahuT mahangaa hai aajakaL!) |
| Kanika: Gold is very expensive these days! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Udita, what can you tell us about jewelry in India? |
| Udita: Indians have loved jewelry for many centuries. Jewelry is often given as a gift, which shows you how valued it is! |
| Maya: Although the trend of men adorning themselves with jewellery has faded a lot, many still wear earrings, bracelets, and so on. |
| Udita: That’s true, but it’s the Indian women that love jewelry the most. It even holds an auspicious significance for them. |
| Maya: Yes, thats right - even the poorest women will have some kind of jewelry. |
| Udita: Jewelry is not only ornamental, but it also acts as security in times of financial crisis. |
| Maya: It’s also considered as an auspicious gift on special occasions like childbirth and marriage. |
| Udita: Okay, now let’s take a look at the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: माँ (maan). |
| Maya: "mother." |
| Udita: माँ (maan), माँ (maan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: ई-मेल (ii-meL). |
| Maya: "e-mail." |
| Udita: ई-मेल (ii-meL), ई-मेल (ii-meL). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: किया (kiyaa). |
| Maya: "did." |
| Udita: किया (kiyaa), किया (kiyaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: लिखा (Likhaa). |
| Maya: "wrote." |
| Udita: लिखा (Likhaa), लिखा (Likhaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सोना (SoNaa). |
| Maya: "gold." |
| Udita: सोना (SoNaa), सोना (SoNaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: बालियाँ (baaLiyaan). |
| Maya: "earrings." |
| Udita: बालियाँ (baaLiyaan), बालियाँ (baaLiyaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: महंगा (mahangaa). |
| Maya: "expensive." |
| Udita: महंगा (mahangaa), महंगा (mahangaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: आजकल (aajakaL). |
| Maya: "nowadays." |
| Udita: आजकल (aajakaL), आजकल (aajakaL). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: Some of the useful words that describe day and time in the present tense are आज (aaj) which means "today" and अभी (abhii) which means "now." |
| Maya: And in Hindi, the word for "yesterday" is the same as the word for "tomorrow." |
| Udita: The word कल (kaL) means "tomorrow" when used in a future tense clause, and "yesterday" when used in a past tense clause. Next is... |
| Maya: चाहिए (caahiye) which means "want." |
| Udita: Since सोने की बालियाँ (SoNe kii baaLiyaan) meaning "gold earrings" is plural, चाहिए (caahiye) becomes चाहियें (caahiyen). Thus, चाहिए (caahiye) is always used with singular objects and चाहियें (caahiyen) for plural objects. |
| Maya: Next is महंगा (mahangaa) which means "expensive." |
| Udita: We could add बहुत (bahuT) before it to mean "very expensive." |
| Maya: So, to mean "a little expensive," we could add थोड़ा (THodaa) before महंगा (mahangaa). |
| Udita: That’s right. So, it becomes थोड़ा महंगा (THodaa mahangaa). |
| Maya: What is the word for "cheap/inexpensive?" |
| Udita: सस्ता (SaSTaa). Similarly, we could also add बहुत (bahuT) before it to mean "very cheap." |
| Maya: So, it becomes बहुत सस्ता (bahuT SaSTaa). |
| Udita: Right. Okay, now let’s look at the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, we’re going to learn the usage of the postposition ने (Ne) in Hindi. It’s used to mark the subject in sentences with transitive verbs in the past tense. |
| Udita: For example, मैंने किताब पढ़ी। (mainNe kiTaab padhii.) which means "I read a book." |
| Maya: Similarly, उसने कपड़े ख़रीदे। (uSaNe kapade khariiDe.) which means "he bought clothes." |
| Udita: Whenever the objects are followed by the postposition को (ko), the verb remains in masculine singular form. |
| Maya: For example, टीना ने लड़की को बुलाया। (tiiNaa Ne Ladakii ko buLaayaa.) which means "Tina called a girl over." |
| Udita: The ने (Ne) postposition is not used with the subjects of the following verbs: लाना (LaaNaa), which means "to bring;" खेलना (kheLaNaa), which means "to play;" बोलना (boLaNaa), which means "to speak;" or भूलना (bhuuLaNaa), which means "to forget." |
| Maya: For example, we don't say माँ ने फल लायी। (maan Ne PhaL Laayii.) to mean, "Mother brought fruit." |
| Udita: We say माँ फल लायी। (maan phaL Laayii.). Also, the pronouns change forms in these cases. For example, वह (vah) becomes उस (uS). Take this one for example, उस लड़की ने गाना गाया। (uS Ladakii Ne gaaNaa gaayaa.) which means "The girl sang a song." |
| Maya: Did you notice that we did not say वह लड़की ने गाना गाया। (vah Ladakii Ne gaaNaa gaayaa.)? That’s because the pronoun is always changed. |
| Udita: Similarly, उसने भाषण दिया। (uSaNe bhaasan Diyaa.) which means "he gave a lecture." |
| Maya: One thing to note is that it is not used in constructions using the modal verbs लगना (LagaNaa) and सकना (SakaNaa). |
| Udita: For example, to say, "He started walking," we could say, वह चलने लगा। (vah caLaNe Lagaa.). |
| Maya: Here we did not say उसने चलने लगा। (uSaNe caLaNe Lagaa.). |
| Udita: Similarly, with the verb सकना (SakaNaa), the pronoun doesn't change into its oblique form and we do not use the postposition. |
| Maya: For example, "She can cook food." would be वह खाना बना सकती है। (vah khaaNaa baNaa SakaTii hai.). |
| Udita: That’s right! |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kate says, माँ ने आज ई-मेल किया है। (maan Ne aaj ii-meL kiyaa hai.), which means "Mom wrote me an e-mail today." |
Outro |
|---|
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "I wrote a letter." in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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