Learn about the postposition पर (par)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 20 - Buying a Gift in India, Part 2. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you'll learn the postposition पर (par). |
| Maya: The conversation takes place in a jewelery store. |
| Udita: It’s between Kate and the shopkeeper. |
| Maya: They are strangers, so they will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): भैया, मुझे बालियाँ चाहियें। (bhaiyaa, mujhe baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी, सामने वाली मेज़ पर जाइये। (jii, SaamaNe vaaLi mez par jaaiye.) |
| केट (ket): और क्या आप क्रेडिट कार्ड लेते हैं? (aur kyaa aap kredit kaard LeTe hain.) |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी हाँ! (jii haan!) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): भैया, मुझे बालियाँ चाहियें। (bhaiyaa, mujhe baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी, सामने वाली मेज़ पर जाइये। (jii, SaamaNe vaaLi mez par jaaiye.) |
| केट (ket): और क्या आप क्रेडिट कार्ड लेते हैं? (aur kyaa aap kredit kaard LeTe hain.) |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी हाँ! (jii haan!) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): भैया, मुझे बालियाँ चाहियें। (bhaiyaa, mujhe baaLiyaan caahiyen.) |
| Kate: I’m looking for earrings. |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी, सामने वाली मेज़ पर जाइये। (jii, SaamaNe vaaLi mez par jaaiye.) |
| Shopkeeper: Please go to the table across. |
| केट (ket): और क्या आप क्रेडिट कार्ड लेते हैं? (aur kyaa aap kredit kaard LeTe hain.) |
| Kate: And do you accept credit cards? |
| दुकानदार (DukaaNaDaar): जी हाँ! (jii haan!) |
| Shopkeeper: Yes! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: So in the dialogue, we saw Kate using a credit card. |
| Udita: Yes, there has been a huge increase in the number of credit card users. |
| Maya: And it has really stimulated the Indian economy too. |
| Udita: That’s right. With the increase in malls and online stores, shopping with a credit card has seen a significant increase as well. |
| Maya: In India, the leading credit card service providers are ICICI, HDFC, HSBC and Standard Chartered, to name a few. |
| Udita: The best credit cards in India are usually meant for a specific user group, such as professionals, women, students, and small business owners. |
| Maya: And they come in various types, from Platinum to Gold, depending on the consumer’s spending capability. |
| Udita: Because of growing competition, credit card companies have started to offer low interest rates and zero to little annual fees on the credit cards in order to sustain themselves. |
| Maya: The credit card market is definitely a booming market in India! Ok, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: मुझे (mujhe). |
| Maya: "I." |
| Udita: मुझे (mujhe), मुझे (mujhe). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: बालियाँ (baaLiyaan). |
| Maya: "Earrings." |
| Udita: बालियाँ (baaLiyaan), बालियाँ (baaLiyaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: चाहियें (caahiyen). |
| Maya: "want." |
| Udita: चाहियें (caahiyen), चाहियें (caahiyen). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सामने (SaamaNe). |
| Maya: "across." |
| Udita: सामने (SaamaNe), सामने (SaamaNe). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: मेज़ (mez). |
| Maya: "table." |
| Udita: मेज़ (mez), मेज़ (mez). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: जाइये (jaaiye). |
| Maya: "go." |
| Udita: जाइये (jaaiye), जाइये (jaaiye). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: क्रेडिट कार्ड (kredit kaard). |
| Maya: "credit card." |
| Udita: क्रेडिट कार्ड (kredit kaard), क्रेडिट कार्ड (kredit kaard). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: लेते (LeTe). |
| Maya: "take." |
| Udita: लेते (LeTe), लेते (LeTe). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have जी (jii) which is used to draw the attention of a stranger. We could also use भैया (bhaiyaa) meaning "brother." It’s used mostly to politely hail a male stranger. |
| Maya: It’s the Hindi equivalent of "Excuse me, sir." It is used to address male auto drivers, shop owners, street vendors and any other stranger whose attention you want to attract. |
| Udita: Next we have चाहियें (caahiyen) which means "want." It comes from the verb चाहना (caahaNaa) and changes forms according to the number of the noun. |
| Maya: For singular objects, we use चाहिए (caahiye). For example, we’d say मुझे गाड़ी चाहिए। (mujhe gaadii caahiye.) which means "I need a car." |
| Udita: For plural objects, it becomes चाहियें (caahiyen). Can you hear the nasal sound? For example, मुझे गाड़ियां चाहियें। (mujhe gaadiyaan caahiyen.) which means, "I need cars." |
| Maya: So Udita, for objects that don’t change forms for singular or plural, how can we know if the speaker is talking about one object or many? |
| Udita: Well, we can guess by which form of चाहना (caahaNaa) is used in the sentence. If the speaker says मुझे घर चाहिए। (mujhe ghar caahiye.), it means "I want a house." |
| Maya: And if the speaker says मुझे घर चाहियें। (mujhe ghar caahiyen.) it means "I want many houses." |
| Udita: Next up, जाइये (jaaiye) means “please go”. It comes from the verb जाना (jaaNaa) which means "to go." |
| Maya: -इये (-iye) to the root of the verb. So adding -इये (-iye) to जा (jaa) makes it जाइए (jaaiye). |
| Udita: Similarly, "to eat" in Hindi is खाना (khaaNaa). The root of the verb is खा (khaa). To make a request to eat, we simply add the suffix -इये (-iye) to the verb root. So it becomes खाइए (khaaiye). |
| Maya: But remember, this rule doesn't apply to all the verbs. There are a few exceptions. |
| Udita: Okay, let’s move onto the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson we’re going to learn the Postposition पर (par). |
| Udita: The postposition पर (par) is similar to "on" in English, and is used to denote location or position, point of time of an action, a cause or a reason. |
| Maya: Ok. Let’s look at its usage when expressing "location" first. |
| Udita: For example, we could say गिलास मेज़ पर है। (giLaaS mez par hai.), which means "a glass is on the table." Here गिलास (giLaaS) means "glass," मेज़ (mez) means "table," पर (par) means "on," and है (hai) means "is." |
| Maya: So it translates as, "glass table on is" and means, "The glass is on the table." |
| Udita: Similarly, "The picture is on the wall." would be तस्वीर दीवार पर लगी है। (TaSviir Diivaar par Lagii hai.). |
| Maya: We could also use this postposition to refer to a point of time of an action. |
| Udita: For example, to say, "The bus didn't reach on time," we could say बस समय पर नहीं पहुंची। (baS Samay par Nahiin pahuncii.). |
| Maya: Another example would be "She didn't eat on time." |
| Udita: That’s right, and that would be उसने समय पर नहीं खाया। (uSaNe Samay par Nahiin khaayaa.) |
| Maya: It can be used to express a cause or a reason too. |
| Udita: For example, उसके अव्वल आने पर सबने बधाई दी। (uSake avvaL aaNe par SabaNe baDHaaii Dii.), which means, "Everyone congratulated her for coming first." |
| Maya: Now it’s time for a quiz. How would you say "The baby is on the bed?" |
| Udita: बच्चा पलंग पर है। (baccaa paLang par hai.) |
| Maya: Next, "The train will arrive on platform number two." |
| Udita: ट्रेन प्लेटफ़ॉर्म नंबर दो पर आएगी। (treN pLetafaurm Nambar Do par aayegii.) |
| Maya: Next "Everyone congratulated him on his birthday." |
| Udita: उसके जन्मदिन पर सबने बधाई दी। (uSake jaNmaDiN par SabaNe baDHaaii Dii.) |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: The shopkeeper tells Kate, जी, सामने वाली मेज़ पर जाइये। (jii, SaamaNe vaaLi mez par jaaiye.) which means "Please go to the table opposite here." |
Outro |
|---|
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "The book is on the table." in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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