Learn about the postposition से (Se) and discover just how much of a role the dowry system plays in Indian culture
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 21. This Indian Market Has Everything! |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you'll learn the postposition से (Se). |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at the office. |
| Udita: It’s between Kate and Arti. |
| Maya: They are friends, so they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to their conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): तुम शादी की ख़रीदारी कहाँ से कर रही हो? (Tum saaDii ki khariDaarii kahaan Se kar rahii ho?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): चाँदनी चौक से। (caaNDaNii cauk Se.) |
| केट (ket): क्या वह अच्छा बाज़ार है? (kyaa vah acchaa baazaar hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): हाँ, वहाँ सब कुछ मिलता है। (haan, vahaan Sab kuch miLaTaa hai.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): तुम शादी की ख़रीदारी कहाँ से कर रही हो? (Tum saaDii ki khariDaarii kahaan Se kar rahii ho?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): चाँदनी चौक से। (caaNDaNii cauk Se.) |
| केट (ket): क्या वह अच्छा बाज़ार है? (kyaa vah acchaa baazaar hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): हाँ, वहाँ सब कुछ मिलता है। (haan, vahaan Sab kuch miLaTaa hai.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): तुम शादी की ख़रीदारी कहाँ से कर रही हो? (Tum saaDii ki khariDaarii kahaan Se kar rahii ho?) |
| Kate: Where are you shopping for your wedding? |
| आरती (aaraTii): चाँदनी चौक से। (caaNDaNii cauk Se.) |
| Arti: At Chandni Chowk. |
| केट (ket): क्या वह अच्छा बाज़ार है? (kyaa vah acchaa baazaar hai?) |
| Kate: Is it a good market? |
| आरती (aaraTii): हाँ, वहाँ सब कुछ मिलता है। (haan, vahaan Sab kuch miLaTaa hai.) |
| Arti: Yes, you can get everything from there. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Okay Udita, since we’re talking about weddings in the dialogue, let’s talk about the dowry system in India. |
| Udita: Sure thing. A lot of people are opposed to the dowry system, but the truth is that it still is common in Indian society. |
| Maya: Dowry (known as "Dahej" in Hindi) is the tradition where the bride’s family, as a token of appreciation for marrying their daughter, presents the groom and his family with cash or expensive gifts. |
| Udita: These expensive gifts could include things like cars, furniture, household electronic items like fridges, TVs, and air Conditioners, to name a few. |
| Maya: As you can clearly understand, this puts a huge financial burden onto the brides family, and leads many to suggest that this tradition should be done away with. |
| Udita: Okay, now let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: शादी (saaDii). |
| Maya: "wedding." |
| Udita: शादी (saaDii), शादी (saaDii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: ख़रीदारी (khariDaarii). |
| Maya: "shopping." |
| Udita: ख़रीदारी (khariDaarii), ख़रीदारी (khariDaarii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan). |
| Maya: "where." |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan), कहाँ (kahaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कर रही (kar rahii). |
| Maya: "doing." |
| Udita: कर रही (kar rahii), कर रही (kar rahii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: अच्छा (acchaa). |
| Maya: "good." |
| Udita: अच्छा (acchaa), अच्छा (acchaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: बाज़ार (baazaar). |
| Maya: "market." |
| Udita: बाज़ार (baazaar), बाज़ार (baazaar). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सब कुछ (Sab kuch). |
| Maya: "everything." |
| Udita: सब कुछ (Sab kuch), सब कुछ (Sab kuch). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: मिलता (miLaTaa). |
| Maya: "get." |
| Udita: मिलता (miLaTaa), मिलता (miLaTaa). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have ख़रीदारी (khariiDaarii) which means "shopping." To describe in detail the type of shopping, simply add the noun plus postposition की (kii) which means "of" before ख़रीदारी (khariiDaarii). |
| Maya: So, clothes shopping is कपड़ों की ख़रीदारी (kapadon kii khariiDaari). |
| Udita: Similarly, for jewelry shopping, you could say गहनों की ख़रीदारी (gahaNon kii khariiDaarii). Ok, what’s next? |
| Maya: कर (kar) comes from the verb करना (karaNaa) which means "to do." |
| Udita: We add रही (rahii) to the root of the verb to indicate doing something in the present. So कर रही (kar rahii) means "doing." |
| Maya: So, if we say खा रही (khaa rahii), it means "eating." |
| Udita: Right. Next is चाँदनी चौक (caaNDaNii cauk) which is one of the oldest and busiest markets in Old Delhi. |
| Maya: Selling everything from authentic Indian food, delicacies and sweets of more than a 1,000 types, to sarees, this market has lots of narrow lanes with many shops. |
| Udita: Along the same lines, बाज़ार (baazaar) means "market" and it is a masculine noun. |
| Maya: Although the current meaning of the word is believed to have originated in Persia, its use has spread, and now has been accepted in the vernacular in countries around the world. |
| Udita: Okay, now let’s move onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson you’re going to learn how to use the postposition से (Se) in Hindi. |
| Udita: The postposition से (Se) is used to indicate the association of a noun with another, and can mean roughly "since," "than," "of," or "from." Its placement depends on the context of the sentence. |
| Maya: Let’s look at some examples. What would we say for "I am talking to a friend." |
| Udita: मैं दोस्त से बात कर रही हूँ। (main DoST Se baaT kar rahii huun.) |
| Maya: What would we say for "she loves her kids." |
| Udita: वह अपने बच्चों से प्यार करती है। (vah apaNe baccon Se pyaar karaTii hai.) |
| Maya: What about "Radha said sorry to me." |
| Udita: राधा ने मुझसे माफ़ी मांगी। (raaDHaa Ne mujhaSe maafii maangii.) |
| Maya: It can also be used to indicate a sense of separation or moving away from something. |
| Udita: For example "He set out from the office." would be वह दफ़्तर से निकला। (vah DafTar Se NikaLaa.) |
| Maya: It can also represent cause, reason and origin. |
| Udita: "Biryani is made from rice" would be बिरयानी चावल से बनती है। (birayaaNii caavaL Se baNaTii hai.). |
| Maya: "He was filled with anger," would be? |
| Udita: वह ग़ुस्से से देख रहा था। (vah guSSe Se Dekh rahaa THaa.). |
| Maya: से (Se) is also used to indicate a means or a tool to perform something. |
| Udita: For example, "I ate rice with a spoon." would be मैंने चम्मच से चावल खाए। (mainNe cammac Se caavaL khaaye.). |
| Maya: Here "spoon" is the means or instrument used to perform an action. |
| Udita: Another example could be "I wrote a letter with a pen," which would be मैंने कलम से पत्र लिखा। (mainNe kaLam Se paTr Likhaa.) |
| Maya: That’s easy. Let’s look at one last example. |
| Udita: "He washed his hands with soap." would be उसने साबुन से हाथ धोये। (uSaNe SaabuN Se haaTH DHoye.). |
| Maya: Now its time for a quiz. What would you say for "I took a book from Rita." |
| Udita: मैंने रीटा से एक किताब ली। (mainNe riitaa Se ek kiTaab Lii.) |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Arti tells Kate that she’s getting things for her wedding from Chandni Chowk. She says: चाँदनी चौक से। (caaNDaNii cauk Se.), which means "from Chandni Chowk." |
Outro |
|---|
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "I am from New Delhi." in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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