Learn about using the postposition में (men)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 22 - What’s the Weather Like Now in India? |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you'll learn the postposition में (men) in Hindi. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on the phone. |
| Udita: It’s between Kate and Kate’s mother. |
| Maya: They are family, so they will be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to their conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): तुम कहाँ हो? (Tum kahaan ho?) |
| केट (ket): मैं दिल्ली में हूँ। (main DiLLii men huun.) |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): दिल्ली में मौसम कैसा है आजकल? (DiLLii men mauSam kaiSaa hai aajakaL?) |
| केट (ket): बहुत ठण्ड है! (bahuT thand hai.) |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): और दिल्ली में सबसे अच्छा क्या लगा? (aur DiLLii men SabaSe acchaa kyaa Lagaa?) |
| केट (ket): दिल्ली का खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट है! (DiLLii kaa khaaNaa bahuT SvaaDist hai!) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): तुम कहाँ हो? (Tum kahaan ho?) |
| केट (ket): मैं दिल्ली में हूँ। (main DiLLii men huun.) |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): दिल्ली में मौसम कैसा है आजकल? (DiLLii men mauSam kaiSaa hai aajakaL?) |
| केट (ket): बहुत ठण्ड है! (bahuT thand hai.) |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): और दिल्ली में सबसे अच्छा क्या लगा? (aur DiLLii men SabaSe acchaa kyaa Lagaa?) |
| केट (ket): दिल्ली का खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट है! (DiLLii kaa khaaNaa bahuT SvaaDist hai!) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): तुम कहाँ हो? (Tum kahaan ho?) |
| Kate’s mother: Where are you? |
| केट (ket): मैं दिल्ली में हूँ। (main DiLLii men huun.) |
| Kate: I’m in Delhi. |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): दिल्ली में मौसम कैसा है आजकल? (DiLLii men mauSam kaiSaa hai aajakaL?) |
| Kate’s mother: How’s the weather in Delhi? |
| केट (ket): बहुत ठण्ड है! (bahuT thand hai.) |
| Kate: It’s very cold. |
| केट की माँ (ket kii maan): और दिल्ली में सबसे अच्छा क्या लगा? (aur DiLLii men SabaSe acchaa kyaa Lagaa?) |
| Kate’s mother: And what is the best thing in Delhi? |
| केट (ket): दिल्ली का खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट है! (DiLLii kaa khaaNaa bahuT SvaaDist hai!) |
| Kate: Delhi’s food is very tasty! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: So in the dialogue, they were talking about Delhi. |
| Udita: Delhi, the capital of India, is a place full of ancient monuments and great food. |
| Maya: If we’re talking about monuments in Delhi, the Red Fort, India Gate, Qutub Minar and Jantar Mantar are the most popular attractions. |
| Udita: Starting from the local street food to the fabulous five star hotels, Delhi offers a wide variety of foods. |
| Maya: Yes, I especially like the Dilli-ki-Chaat, which is a type of savory snack made of yoghurt, potatoes and spices, chick peas and crispy batter – What else can you tell us about Delhi? |
| Udita: Delhi is home to people of many different cultural backgrounds, so you’ll hear a mixture of languages spoken, the most common being Hindi, English, Urdu, and Punjabi. |
| Maya: Also, Delhi is divided into two parts - Old and New. The medieval-style markets of Old Delhi have a culturally significant atmosphere, and serve as the capital of Islamic India. |
| Udita: And the 'New Delhi' was built by the British, and offers one of most happening places in Delhi. |
| Maya: Listeners, please let us know in the comments if you have ever been to Delhi! |
| Udita: If you haven’t, let us know what you’d like to do and see there. |
| Maya: Okay, now onto the vocab section. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan). |
| Maya: "where." |
| Udita: कहाँ (kahaan), कहाँ (kahaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: मौसम (mauSam). |
| Maya: "weather." |
| Udita: मौसम (mauSam), मौसम (mauSam). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कैसा (kaiSaa). |
| Maya: "how." |
| Udita: कैसा (kaiSaa), कैसा (kaiSaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: आजकल (aajakaL). |
| Maya: "nowadays." |
| Udita: आजकल (aajakaL), आजकल (aajakaL). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: ठण्ड (thand). |
| Maya: "cold." |
| Udita: ठण्ड (thand), ठण्ड (thand). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सबसे (SabaSe). |
| Maya: "the most." |
| Udita: सबसे (SabaSe), सबसे (SabaSe). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa). |
| Maya: "food." |
| Udita: खाना (khaaNaa), खाना (khaaNaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: स्वादिष्ट (SvaaDist). |
| Maya: "tasty." |
| Udita: स्वादिष्ट (SvaaDist), स्वादिष्ट (SvaaDist). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. First let’s look at हूँ (huun) which also comes from the verb "to be," होना (hoNaa). हूँ (huun) means "am." So, whenever you want to say "I am" you’d say मैं हूँ (main huun). |
| Udita: For example, to say "I am Neha," I could say मैं नेहा हूँ। (main Nehaa huun.). So, हूँ (huun) is always used with first person singular. What’s next? |
| Maya: Next is मौसम (mauSam) which means "weather" and कैसा (kaiSaa) which means "how" or "in what manner." |
| Udita: कैसा (kaiSaa) is used for plural singular subjects and changes into कैसी (kaiSii) when used for feminine subjects and it becomes कैसे (kaiSe) when used for masculine plural subjects. |
| Maya: Since मौसम (mauSam) is a masculine subject, we say मौसम कैसा है? (mauSam kaiSaa hai?) |
| Udita: The possible answers to this question could be धूप है। (DHuup hai.) which means "it’s sunny." |
| Maya: Or गर्मी है। (garmii hai.) which means "it's hot." If the weather is cold, you'd say ठंड है। (thand hai.). |
| Udita: If it's raining, you could say बारिश हो रही है। (baaris ho rahii hai.) which means "it's raining." If the weather is extreme, simply add बहुत (bahuT) before these phrases. So, you could say बहुत गर्मी है। (bahuT garmii hai.) to mean "it’s very hot." or बहुत ठंड है। (bahuT thand hai.) to mean "it's very cold." |
| Maya: Okay, great! Now let’s move onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, you’re going to learn the usage of the postposition में (men) in Hindi. |
| Udita: The postposition में (men) is used to indicate location or presence of something in or within something else; duration; price; comparison referring to two or more things; or difference. |
| Maya: For example, to express location we'd say, मेरा घर मुंबई में है। (meraa ghar mumbaii men hai.), which means, "My home is in Mumbai." |
| Udita: Similarly, मेरी बेटी स्कूल में है। (merii betii SkuuL men hai.) which means, "My daughter is in school." |
| Maya: We could also express price using में (men). |
| Udita: For example, यह अंगूठी पाँच हज़ार रुपये में मिली। (yah anguuthii paanc hazaar rupaye men miLii.) which means, "I got this ring for five-thousand rupees." |
| Maya: Another example would be यह कमीज़ सिर्फ़ हज़ार रुपये में ख़रीदी। (yah kamiiz Sirf hazaar rupaye men khariiDii.) which means, "I bought this shirt for one-thousand rupes only." |
| Udita: में (men) is also used to compare things or people. |
| Maya: For example, यह सेब इन सब सेबों में से लाल है। (yah Seb iN Sab Sebon men Se LaaL hai.) means, "This apple is red out of all these apples." |
| Udita: Another example could be यह फूल इन सब फूलों में से सुन्दर है। (yah phuuL iN Sab phuuLon men Se SuNDar hai.), which means, "This flower is beautiful out of all these flowers." |
| Maya: में (men) is also used to express duration. |
| Udita: For example, मैंने यह किताब 5 दिन में पढ़ी। (mainNe yah kiTaab paanc DiN men padhii.) means, "I read this book in five days." |
| Maya: Another example could be ताज महल लगभग इक्कीस साल में बना। (Taaj mahaL Lagabhag ikkiiS SaaL men baNaa.), which means, "The Taj Mahal was built in about twenty-one years." |
| Udita: Ok, one last example. उसने एक घंटे में खाना बना लिया। (uSaNe ek ghante men khaaNaa baNaa Liyaa.) which means "She made food in one hour." |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kate tells her mom she’s in Delhi. She says, मैं दिल्ली में हूँ। (main DiLLii men huun.), which means "I'm in Delhi." |
Outro |
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| Maya: Well, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "This building was made in 2 years." in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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