Learn about expressing "when"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 24 - An Indian Festival of Light. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main uDiTaa huun.). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you'll learn the usage of "when" in Hindi. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place at the office. |
| Udita: It’s between Kate and Arti. |
| Maya: They are friends, so they’ll be using informal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट (ket): आज इतनी आतिशबाज़ी क्यों है? (aaj iTaNii aaTisabaazii kyon hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): क्योंकि दिवाली का त्योहार आने वाला है। (kyonki DivaaLii kaa tyohaar aaNe vaaLaa hai.) |
| केट (ket): वह कब है? (vah kab hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): वह परसों है। (vah paraSon hai.) |
| केट (ket): उसमें क्या करते हैं? (uSamen kyaa karaTe hain?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): सब मिलकर पटाखे जलाते हैं और दीये भी जलाते हैं। (Sab miLakar pataakhe jaLaaTe hain aur Diiye bhii jaLaaTe hain.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट (ket): आज इतनी आतिशबाज़ी क्यों है? (aaj iTaNii aaTisabaazii kyon hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): क्योंकि दिवाली का त्योहार आने वाला है। (kyonki DivaaLii kaa tyohaar aaNe vaaLaa hai.) |
| केट (ket): वह कब है? (vah kab hai?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): वह परसों है। (vah paraSon hai.) |
| केट (ket): उसमें क्या करते हैं? (uSamen kyaa karaTe hain?) |
| आरती (aaraTii): सब मिलकर पटाखे जलाते हैं और दीये भी जलाते हैं। (Sab miLakar pataakhe jaLaaTe hain aur Diiye bhii jaLaaTe hain.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट (ket): आज इतनी आतिशबाज़ी क्यों है? (aaj iTaNii aaTisabaazii kyon hai?) |
| Kate : Why are there so many fireworks today? |
| आरती (aaraTii): क्योंकि दिवाली का त्योहार आने वाला है। (kyonki DivaaLii kaa tyohaar aaNe vaaLaa hai.) |
| Arti: Because the festival of Diwali is coming soon. |
| केट (ket): वह कब है? (vah kab hai?) |
| Kate: When is it? |
| आरती (aaraTii): वह परसों है। (vah paraSon hai.) |
| Arti: It’s the day after tomorrow. |
| केट (ket): उसमें क्या करते हैं? (uSamen kyaa karaTe hain?) |
| Kate: What do we do for it? |
| आरती (aaraTii): सब मिलकर पटाखे जलाते हैं और दीये भी जलाते हैं। (Sab miLakar pataakhe jaLaaTe hain aur Diiye bhii jaLaaTe hain.) |
| Arti: Everyone lights up fireworks together, and also lamps. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Okay, let’s talk about festivals. India is a land of festivals! |
| Udita: Yes that’s so true, you have a variety of festivals you can go to each year. Each one brings its own colors and festivities. |
| Maya: It’s a celebration of culture and tradition. |
| Udita: One of the key festivals celebrated all across India is Diwali, which is also called the "Festival of Lights." Lighting candles, lamps and fireworks are the main highlights of Diwali. |
| Maya: This festival also represents the victory of good over evil as per the Hindu mythology. |
| Udita: Another important festival is Holi, which is commonly known as the "Festival of Colors." |
| Maya: For this festival, people throw colored powder and water all over each other to welcome spring, since they believe that spring is full of colors. |
| Udita: Dussehra is another festival celebrated all over India. It celebrates the defeat of the demon king Ravana by Lord Rama. |
| Maya: In eastern India, the festival is observed as Durga Puja. |
| Udita: Listeners, which festival sounds most interesting to you? |
| Maya: Let us know in the comments!! Okay, now let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: इतनी (iTaNii). |
| Maya: "so much." |
| Udita: इतनी (iTaNii), इतनी (iTaNii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: आतिशबाज़ी (aaTisabaazii). |
| Maya: "fireworks." |
| Udita: आतिशबाज़ी (aaTisabaazii), आतिशबाज़ी (aaTisabaazii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: दिवाली (DivaaLii). |
| Maya: "Diwali." |
| Udita: दिवाली (DivaaLii), दिवाली (DivaaLii). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: त्योहार (Tyohaar). |
| Maya: "festival." |
| Udita: त्योहार (Tyohaar), त्योहार (Tyohaar). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: कब (kab). |
| Maya: "when." |
| Udita: कब (kab), कब (kab). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: मिलकर (miLakar). |
| Maya: "together." |
| Udita: मिलकर (miLakar), मिलकर (miLakar). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: पटाखे (pataakhe). |
| Maya: "crackers." |
| Udita: पटाखे (pataakhe), पटाखे (pataakhe). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: दीये (Diiye). |
| Maya: "lamps." |
| Udita: दीये (Diiye), दीये (Diiye). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First, we have इतनी (iTaNii) meaning "so many." The meaning itself says "many," so this word is used for plural subjects. |
| Maya: It changes forms according to the gender of the noun. |
| Udita: For feminine nouns, we use इतनी (iTaNii). It becomes इतने (iTaNe) for masculine nouns. |
| Maya: For example, "color" is a masculine noun. |
| Udita: So we’ll say इतने रंग (iTaNe rang) which means "so many colors." |
| Maya: What’s next? |
| Udita: Next is आने वाला है (aaNe vaaLaa hai) which means "about to come." This phrase is used for singular masculine subjects. To use it for singular feminine subjects, it becomes आने वाली है (aaNe vaaLii hai). For plural masculine subjects, we say आने वाले हैं (aaNe vaaLe hain), and for plural feminine subjects, we say आने वाली हैं (aaNe vaaLii hain). |
| Maya: For example, we could say नई फ़िल्म आने वाली है। (Nayii fiLm aaNe vaaLii hai.), which means "A new movie is about to come." |
| Udita: Since "movie" is a feminine noun in Hindi, and in the sentence we are talking about one film, we used आने वाली है (aaNe vaaLii hai). |
| Maya: So, if we change "film" to "films," it becomes a plural feminine noun. Now we’d say नई फ़िल्में आने वाली हैं। (Nayii fiLmen aaNe vaaLii hain.) which means "New movies are about to come." |
| Udita: Next, let’s look at सब मिलकर (Sab miLakar). Here सब (Sab) means "everyone" and मिलकर (miLakar) means "together." So, it becomes "everyone together." |
| Maya: Another word that can be used instead of सब (Sab) is सारे (Saare), which also means "everyone." So, we could also say सारे मिलकर (Saare miLakar) which means "everyone together." |
| Udita: Okay, onto the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson you’ll learn the usage of "when" in Hindi. |
| Udita: Interrogative words usually start with क (k) because question words begin with the क (k) sound. For example, क्यों (kyon), कब (kab), कहाँ (kahaan), कैसे (kaiSe), कौन (kauN) किसका (kiSakaa). |
| Maya: The question word for "when" is कब (kab), and the question word is always stressed. |
| Udita: The usage of कब (kab) is very similar to “when” in English. For example, तुम कब मिलोगे? (Tum kab miLoge?) where तुम (Tum) means "you," कब (kab) means "when," and मिलोगे (miLoge) means "will meet." |
| Maya: So, it becomes "you when will meet" and translates as "when will you meet." |
| Udita: तुमने यह कब ख़रीदा? (TumaNe yah kab khariiDaa?) which means "when did you buy this?" Here तुम (Tum) means "you," and ने (Ne) is a postposition used with subject noun phrases, usually with the verbs in the past tense." यह (yah) means "this," कब (kab) means "when," and ख़रीदा (khariiDaa) means "bought." |
| Maya: So, it becomes "you this when bought" and translates as "when did you buy this?" |
| Udita: तुमने यह कब ख़रीदा? (TumaNe yah kab khariiDaa?). There is always a rise in the intonation on the question word. |
| Maya: Ok, now let’s have a quiz! "When is your birthday?" in Hindi would be? |
| Udita: तुम्हारा जन्मदिन कब है? (Tumhaara jaNmaDiN kab hai?) |
| Maya: "When will you go to Japan?" |
| Udita: तुम जापान कब जाओगी? (Tum jaapaaN kab jaaogii?) |
| Maya: "When will your friend come?" |
| Udita: तुम्हारा दोस्त कब आएगा? (Tumhaaraa DoST kab aayegaa?) |
| Maya: The question word कब (kab) can also be used as an adverb. This word can be repeated to show intensity and distribution. For example, we could say ये दवाइयाँ कब-कब खानी हैं। (ye Davaaiyaan kab-kab khaaNii hain?) |
| Maya: Which means "When should I take these medicines?" |
Outro |
|---|
| Maya: Well, that's all for this lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say "When will you eat?" in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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