Learn about making and responding to requests
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 5 - Giving Commands and Orders in Hindi. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं उदिता हूँ। (main Udita hoon). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you'll learn how to ask someone to do something. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place inside a temple. |
| Udita: It's between the priest and Kate, who is visiting a Hindu temple for the first time. |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, they will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| पंडित जी (paNdiT jii): बेटा, यहाँ तस्वीर नहीं खींचो। (betaa, yahaan TaSviir Nahiin khiinco.) |
| केट (ket): माफ़ कीजिये, मुझे पता नही था। (maaf kiijiye, mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| पंडितजी (paNdiT jii): यह लो प्रसाद। अपना सीधा हाथ आगे लाओ। (yah Lo praSaaD. apaNaa SiiDHaa haaTH aage Laao.) |
| केट (ket): जी, धन्यवाद। (jii, DHaNyavaaD.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| पंडित जी (paNdiT jii): बेटा, यहाँ तस्वीर नहीं खींचो। (betaa, yahaan TaSviir Nahiin khiinco.) |
| केट (ket): माफ़ कीजिये, मुझे पता नही था। (maaf kiijiye, mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| पंडितजी (paNdiT jii): यह लो प्रसाद। अपना सीधा हाथ आगे लाओ। (yah Lo praSaaD. apaNaa SiiDHaa haaTH aage Laao.) |
| केट (ket): जी, धन्यवाद। (jii, DHaNyavaaD.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| पंडित जी (paNdiT jii): बेटा, यहाँ तस्वीर नहीं खींचो। (betaa, yahaan TaSviir Nahiin khiinco.) |
| Priest: Excuse me, don’t take pictures here. |
| केट (ket): माफ़ कीजिये, मुझे पता नही था। (maaf kiijiye, mujhe paTaa Nahiin THaa.) |
| Kate: I am sorry, I didn’t know! |
| पंडितजी (paNdiT jii): यह लो प्रसाद। अपना सीधा हाथ आगे लाओ। (yah Lo praSaaD. apaNaa SiiDHaa haaTH aage Laao.) |
| Priest: Here, take this blessed food. Bring your right hand forward. |
| केट (ket): जी, धन्यवाद। (jii, DHaNyavaaD.) |
| Kate: Thank you! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Ok, let’s talk some more about temples! There are several rituals and practices that are followed inside a temple. |
| Udita: The main Hindu ritual is called "Aarti", wherein light from wicks soaked in ghee, which is purified butter, is offered to the gods. |
| Maya: During "Aarti," many devotees assemble in the temple and sing bhajans or holy chants to express their devotion towards God. |
| Udita: One more thing that’s important when it comes to Hindu temples is "Darshan," meaning “to be able to sight” or “catch a glimpse of God.” |
| Maya: People in India would be willing to travel hundreds of kilometers just for the "Darshan". They feel blessed after it. |
| Udita: I like to go to the temple every morning just to feel the positive vibrations it gives! |
| Maya: I’ve also heard the term "Puja" a lot of times. |
| Udita: Yes, "Puja" is also an important ritual that a lot of people like to perform every morning after having a bath. It could involve chanting a particular mantra. |
| Maya: From all of this information, we can really see the religious and spiritual side of Indians! |
| Udita: Definitely. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Ok, now let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: यहाँ (yahaan). |
| Maya: "here." |
| Udita: यहाँ (yahaan), यहाँ (yahaan). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: तस्वीर (TaSviir). |
| Maya: "photograph." |
| Udita: तस्वीर (TaSviir), तस्वीर (TaSviir). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: खींचो (khiinco). |
| Maya: "click," "stretch." |
| Udita: खींचो (khiinco), खींचो (khiinco). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: पता (paTaa). |
| Maya: "to know." |
| Udita: पता (paTaa), पता (paTaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: लो (Lo). |
| Maya: "to take." |
| Udita: लो (Lo), लो (Lo). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: प्रसाद (praSaaD). |
| Maya: "blessed food." |
| Udita: प्रसाद (praSaaD), प्रसाद (praSaaD). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: सीधा (SiiDHaa). |
| Maya: "right" direction. |
| Udita: सीधा (SiiDHaa), सीधा (SiiDHaa). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: हाथ (haaTH). |
| Maya: "hand." |
| Udita: हाथ (haaTH), हाथ (haaTH). |
| Maya: Next... |
| Udita: आगे (aage). |
| Maya: "to forward." |
| Udita: आगे (aage), आगे (aage). |
| Maya: And last... |
| Udita: लाओ (Laao). |
| Maya: "to bring." |
| Udita: लाओ (Laao), लाओ (Laao). |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. First we have बेटा (betaa), which means “son” in English. But it may also used by an elder person to address a younger person, boy or girl, in Hindi. |
| Udita: It can be commonly used by strangers who are your elders, and don’t know your name. It is a polite and affectionate way of informally addressing someone who is younger than you. What’s next? |
| Maya: नहीं (Nahiin), which means means “no.” It can also mean “don’t” depending on its usage in the sentence. |
| Udita: Similarly, मत (maT) can also be used to stop someone from doing something. |
| Maya: नहीं करो (Nahiin karo). We could also say मत करो (maT karo). |
| Udita: Which means “don’t do it.” |
| Maya: नहीं खाओ (Nahiin khaao). We could also say मत खाओ (maT khaao). |
| Udita: Which means “don’t eat.” |
| Maya: नहीं खेलो (Nahiin kheLo) or मत खेलो (maT kheLo). |
| Udita: Which means “don’t play.” |
| Maya: Ok, one last example. नहीं बोलो (Nahiin boLo) or मत बोलो (maT boLo). |
| Udita: Which means “don't speak.” Okay and with that, let’s move onto the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to make a command in Hindi. |
| Udita: Such actions are restricted to the future and cannot refer to the present or past tenses. |
| Maya: Also since commands and orders are always given to another person, the subject is always |
| second person. |
| Udita: Sometimes the subject is omitted and can be guessed from both the context and the form of the verb. |
| Maya: The subject is generally addressed by the familiar second-person pronoun तुम (Tum) meaning "you." |
| Udita: The second person subject may sometimes be addressed with the intimate pronoun तू (Tuu) meaning "you." This should be used only with friends, someone younger than you, or someone you are very close to. |
| Maya: In familiar forms, when we use tum to address the subject, the general rule is to add -ओ (-o) to the root of the verb. |
| Udita: So पीना (piiNaa) becomes पीओ (piio). पीना (piiNaa) means “to drink.” The root of the verb पीना (piiNaa) is पी (pii). We simply add -ओ (-o) to the root of the verb. It becomes पीओ (piio) which means asking someone to drink. |
| Maya: Similarly, to ask someone to read, we’d say... |
| Udita: पढ़ो (padho). पढ़ना (padhaNaa) means “to read.” The root of the verb is पढ़ (padh). Simply add -ओ (-o) to it. |
| Maya: Let’s practice with some examples. खेलना becomes... |
| Udita: खेलो (kheLo), which means “play.” |
| Maya: लिखना (LikhaNaa) becomes... |
| Udita: लिखो (Likho), which means “write.” |
| Maya: बैठना (baithaNaa) becomes... |
| Udita: बैठो (baitho), which means “sit.” |
| Maya: जाना (jaaNaa) becomes... |
| Udita: जाओ (jaao) which means “go.” |
| Maya: Yes, it’s that easy! However, there a few exceptions. |
| Udita: Like लेना (LeNaa) becomes लो (Lo) which means “take.” |
| Maya: Similarly, देना (DeNaa) becomes दो (Do), which means “give.” |
| Udita: In the above forms, -ओ (-o) is added to the vowel-ending verb stems. |
| Maya: What if we are using the तू (Tuu) pronoun? |
| Udita: As you probably know by now, the pronoun तू (Tuu) is only ever used in very intimate situations, otherwise it is considered disrespectful and rude. Also, even in close relationships people prefer using तुम (Tum). |
| Maya: But just so you know, the rule is probably the easiest. We simply use the verb root itself, so we don’t add anything at all. |
| Udita: So, पढ़ना (padhaNaa) becomes पढ़ (padh). |
| Maya: And खेलना (kheLaNaa) becomes खेल (kheL). |
| Maya: Let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: The priest says, बेटा यहाँ तस्वीर नहीं खींचो। (betaa yahaan TaSviir Nahiin khiinco.), which means "don’t click pictures here". |
| Maya: Then the priest says, यह लो प्रसाद। अपना सीधा हाथ आगे लाओ। (yah Lo praSaaD. apaNaa SiiDHaa haaTH aage Laao.), which means “Take this blessed food. Bring your right hand forward.” |
Outro |
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| Udita: Okay, that's all we have for this lesson. |
| Maya: Please make sure you read the lesson notes for more explanations and examples on this topic! |
| Udita: Listeners, how would you ask someone to “get up” in Hindi? Tell us in a comment at HindiPod101.com! |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!) |
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