Learn how to ask how you should behave
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 11 Have You Ever Been in India During Diwali? Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to ask about customs and rules using... |
| Udita: चाहना caahNaa |
| Eric: ….meaning “should.” The conversation takes place at the office. |
| Udita: It's between Julia and Pranav. |
| Eric: The speakers are colleagues but are familiar with each other, so they’ll be using polite Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Julia: क्या तुम दिवाली के लिए दिशा के घर जा रहे हो? |
| Pranav: नहीं हमारे घर में भी पूजा है तो मैं नहीं जा पाउँगा। तुम जा रही हो क्या? |
| Julia: हाँ उसने आमंत्रित किया है, और मैं त्यौहार में भाग ज़रूर लेना चाहूंगी। लेकिन मुझे दीवाली के बारे में कुछ पता नहीं है। |
| Pranav: कोई बात नहीं, वह तुम्हे समझायेगी ज़रूर। और ज़्यादा पेंचीदा कुछ नहीं है। पहले भगवान की पूजा होगी और फिर सब बाहर जाकर दीये , मोमबत्तियाँ, फुलझड़ी और पटाखें जलाएंगे, और मज़े करेंगे, बस। |
| Julia: पहनावा कैसा होना चाहिये? |
| Pranav: सब नये देसी कपड़े पहनते हैं, और थोड़ा सज-धजकर जाते हैं। |
| Julia: अच्छा। और मुझे क्या ले जाना चाहिये? |
| Pranav: तुम दुकान से मिठाई का डब्बा, या फल ले जा सकती हो। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Julia: क्या तुम दिवाली के लिए दिशा के घर जा रहे हो? |
| Pranav: नहीं हमारे घर में भी पूजा है तो मैं नहीं जा पाउँगा। तुम जा रही हो क्या? |
| Julia: हाँ उसने आमंत्रित किया है, और मैं त्यौहार में भाग ज़रूर लेना चाहूंगी। लेकिन मुझे दीवाली के बारे में कुछ पता नहीं है। |
| Pranav: कोई बात नहीं, वह तुम्हे समझायेगी ज़रूर। और ज़्यादा पेंचीदा कुछ नहीं है। पहले भगवान की पूजा होगी और फिर सब बाहर जाकर दीये , मोमबत्तियाँ, फुलझड़ी और पटाखें जलाएंगे, और मज़े करेंगे, बस। |
| Julia: पहनावा कैसा होना चाहिये? |
| Pranav: सब नये देसी कपड़े पहनते हैं, और थोड़ा सज-धजकर जाते हैं। |
| Julia: अच्छा। और मुझे क्या ले जाना चाहिये? |
| Pranav: तुम दुकान से मिठाई का डब्बा, या फल ले जा सकती हो। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Julia: Are you going to Disha's home for Diwali? |
| Pranav: No, there’s a celebration at my home too so I won't be able to attend. Are you going? |
| Julia: Yes, since she invited me, and I want to experience the festival. But I don't know anything about Diwali. |
| Pranav: No problem, she’ll explain I'm sure. Also it's not very complicated—first there'll be a prayer ritual for the gods, and then everyone will go outside and light lamps, candles, sparklers and firecrackers, and enjoy themselves, that's all. |
| Julia: How should I dress? |
| Pranav: Everyone wears new traditional Indian clothes, and dresses up nicely. |
| Julia: Okay, and what should I take along? |
| Pranav: You can take a box of sweets from a store, or some fruit. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Udita, can you tell us more about Diwali, which is one of the most prominent Indian festivals of the year? |
| Udita: Sure. Diwali is a Hindu festival of lights and a national holiday. During Diwali, families come together to offer prayers to the gods, dress in new clothes, light candles, lights, and earthen lamps called Diya all around the outside of houses, and light firecrackers and sparklers together. People give boxes of sweets and dried fruits to each other, and donate alms and utensils to the poor before the big day. |
| Eric: I’ve heard that this festival is associated with prosperity and is considered a lucky time to do anything related to money. |
| Udita: Yes. That's why in many parts of India there are massive sales and shopping booms before the festival. |
| Eric: On Diwali night the skies over cities, towns, and villages stay illuminated with lights, firecrackers, and fireworks well into the night. It’s a beautiful sight to see! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: दिवाली [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Diwali |
| Udita: दिवाली [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दिवाली [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: आमंत्रित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: invited |
| Udita: आमंत्रित [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: आमंत्रित [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: पेंचीदा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: complicated |
| Udita: पेंचीदा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पेंचीदा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: दीया [natural native speed] |
| Eric: earthen lamps |
| Udita: दीया [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: दीया [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: मोमबत्ती [natural native speed] |
| Eric: candle |
| Udita: मोमबत्ती [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मोमबत्ती [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: फुलझड़ी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: sparklers |
| Udita: फुलझड़ी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: फुलझड़ी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: पटाखा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: firecrackers, fireworks |
| Udita: पटाखा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पटाखा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: जलाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to burn something, to light something |
| Udita: जलाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जलाना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: पहनावा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: clothing, attire |
| Udita: पहनावा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पहनावा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: सज-धज [natural native speed] |
| Eric: decked out, decorated |
| Udita: सज-धज [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सज-धज [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: सज-धजकर |
| Eric: meaning “all dressed up, very decorated.” |
| Udita: SajNaa is a verb which means “to dress up.” The second part of this phrase doesn't mean anything on its own, but together Saj-DHajkar means “all dressed up” or “dressed up and ready.” |
| Eric: You can use this phrase when the process of dressing up is elaborate, or there is a lot of decoration involved. |
| Udita: This might describe a person wearing heavy jewelry. |
| Eric: You can use this phrase with another verb. For example, you can say… |
| Udita: आप सज-धजकर कहाँ जा रही हैं? |
| Eric: ..which means “Where are you dressed up to go to?” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: आमंत्रित करना |
| Eric: meaning “to invite.” |
| Udita: aamaNTriT is a noun that means “invited” and karNaa is a verb that means “to do.” Altogether, aamaNTriT karNaa means “to invite.” |
| Eric: It’s the most polite and appropriate way to say “invite.” |
| Udita: Right. But in casual Hindi, you can use buLaaNaa, which means “to call.” |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. क्या आपने तै किया है की किस किस को आमंत्रित करना है? |
| Eric: .. which means “Have you decided who to invite?” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson you’ll learn how to ask about customs and rules using... |
| Udita: चाहना caahNaa |
| Eric: ….meaning “should.” |
| Udita: caahNaa is a transitive verb that means “to want.” However, it has another usage in Hindi as “should”, where it acts as an auxiliary verb. |
| Eric: You can use... |
| Udita: caahNaa |
| Eric: ...only in the present and past tenses. You can't use it to say “shall.” The grammar structure in the present tense is simple. |
| Udita: It’s verb-root-ना plus चाहिए . caahNaa becomes caahie. |
| Eric: For example, let's take the verb “to do” which in Hindi is... |
| Udita: karNaa |
| Eric: So, following our pattern, “should do” will be.. |
| Udita: karNaa caahie. The form of the verbs stays the same, regardless of the gender and plurality of the subject. |
| Eric: For example… |
| Udita: हमें जल्दी करना चाहिए| |
| Eric: “We should hurry.” |
| Udita: तुम्हे अभी घर जाना चाहिए। |
| Eric: “You should go home now.” |
| Udita: सबको खड़ा होना चाहिए। |
| Eric: “Everyone should stand up.” Udita, what about past tense? |
| Udita: In past tense please use caahie THaa, meaning “should have.” |
| Eric: For example, let's take the verb “to do”... |
| Udita: karNaa |
| Eric: So, following our pattern, “should have done” will be.. |
| Udita: karNaa caahie THaa. |
| Eric: For example you can say… |
| Udita: मुझे ईमेल पहले तुम्हे भेजना चाहिए था। |
| Eric: “I should have sent you the email first.” |
| Udita: तुम्हें उस वक़्त ही सवाल करना चाहिए था। |
| Eric: “You should have asked the question right then.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा |
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