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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 17 - Finding Your Way Around India. Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to express obligations in Hindi. The conversation take places at a cafe. |
| Udita: It's between Priya and Pallavi. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using familiar Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Pallavi: मुझे परीक्षा के लिए कुछ किताब खरीदने हैं। पता नहीं कहाँ से खरीदूं। |
| Priya: कनॉट प्लेस में देख लो। वहाँ बहुत से बुकस्टोर्स हैं। एक जैन बुक एजेंसी है जहाँ ज़्यादातर पढ़ाई के किताब मिलते हैं। |
| Pallavi: अच्छा। घर से कैसे जाऊं वहाँ? |
| Priya: घर से कैलाश कॉलोनी मेट्रो स्टेशन - ऑटो में पन्द्राह या बीस मिनट लगेंगे। वहाँ से मेट्रो लेकर राजीव चौक चले जाओ। |
| Pallavi: क्या कैलाश कॉलोनी से राजीव चौक सीधे पड़ता है ? |
| Priya: नहीं, कैलाश कॉलोनी से नीले लाइन लेकर सेंट्रल सेक्रेटेरियट जाओ। वहां एक बार उतरकर पीली लाइन पकड़ो, उत्तर दिल्ली की ओर - चांदनी चौक, जहांगीर पूरी की तरफ जाते हुए। तीसरे स्टेशन पर राजीव चौक आती है, जो कनॉट प्लेस की स्टेशन है। |
| Pallavi: अच्छा। और लाइन बदलते वक्त बाहर निकलना पड़ेगा? |
| Priya: नहीं, अंदर ही है। बड़ी स्टेशन है और भीड़ बहुत होती है, मगर येलो लाइन की ओर और भी लोग जा रहे होंगे। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Pallavi: मुझे परीक्षा के लिए कुछ किताब खरीदने हैं। पता नहीं कहाँ से खरीदूं। |
| Priya: कनॉट प्लेस में देख लो। वहाँ बहुत से बुकस्टोर्स हैं। एक जैन बुक एजेंसी है जहाँ ज़्यादातर पढ़ाई के किताब मिलते हैं। |
| Pallavi: अच्छा। घर से कैसे जाऊं वहाँ? |
| Priya: घर से कैलाश कॉलोनी मेट्रो स्टेशन - ऑटो में पन्द्राह या बीस मिनट लगेंगे। वहाँ से मेट्रो लेकर राजीव चौक चले जाओ। |
| Pallavi: क्या कैलाश कॉलोनी से राजीव चौक सीधे पड़ता है ? |
| Priya: नहीं, कैलाश कॉलोनी से नीले लाइन लेकर सेंट्रल सेक्रेटेरियट जाओ। वहां एक बार उतरकर पीली लाइन पकड़ो, उत्तर दिल्ली की ओर - चांदनी चौक, जहांगीर पूरी की तरफ जाते हुए। तीसरे स्टेशन पर राजीव चौक आती है, जो कनॉट प्लेस की स्टेशन है। |
| Pallavi: अच्छा। और लाइन बदलते वक्त बाहर निकलना पड़ेगा? |
| Priya: नहीं, अंदर ही है। बड़ी स्टेशन है और भीड़ बहुत होती है, मगर येलो लाइन की ओर और भी लोग जा रहे होंगे। |
| Eric: Now, listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Pallavi: I need to buy some books for the exam. I don't know where to get them. |
| Priya: Take a look in Connaught Place. There are many bookstores there. One is Jain Book Agency where you can find most books for studying. |
| Pallavi: Really? How do I get there from my house? |
| Priya: Go to the Kailash Colony Metro stop from your home—it’ll take about 15-20 minutes by autorickshaw. From there you can take the metro to Rajiv Chowk. |
| Pallavi: Is it a direct line from Kailash Colony stop to Rajiv Chowk? |
| Priya: No. Take the blue line from Kailash Colony to Central Secretariat station. From there you have to get off and change to the yellow line, going towards north Delhi. The third stop is Rajiv Chowk, which is the station at Connaught Place. |
| Pallavi: Okay, and do you have to leave the station when switching metro lines? |
| Priya: No, it's indoors. It's a big station and usually very crowded. But most people will be switching to the yellow line as well. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Udita, when were metro rails first established in New Delhi - the national capital? |
| Udita: In 2008. Since then it has been constantly developing and growing. Nowadays, the Delhi Metro connects the city from east to west and north to south, and is the most popular form of transportation for the middle class. |
| Eric: How many lines does it have? |
| Udita: Just 6, but it’s still the most efficient form of public transport. The highest number of passengers recorded so far has been 2.7 million in a single day. |
| Eric: Wow! I guess the metro has already had a significant impact on the lives of people living in Delhi. |
| Udita: Definitely! |
| Eric: Now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: परीक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: test |
| Udita: परीक्षा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: परीक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: ज़्यादातर [natural native speed] |
| Eric: mostly, by and large |
| Udita: ज़्यादातर [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: ज़्यादातर [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: पढ़ाई [natural native speed] |
| Eric: studies |
| Udita: पढ़ाई [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पढ़ाई [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: सीधा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: straight |
| Udita: सीधा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: सीधा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: उतरना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to get off, to get down from, to descend, to decrease |
| Udita: उतरना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: उतरना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: पकड़ना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to catch, to hold |
| Udita: पकड़ना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पकड़ना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: उत्तर [natural native speed] |
| Eric: north, northern |
| Udita: उत्तर [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: उत्तर [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And lastly.. |
| Udita: भीड़ [natural native speed] |
| Eric: crowd |
| Udita: भीड़[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भीड़ [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: पढ़ाई |
| Eric: which means “studies” |
| Udita: पढ़ाई comes from the verb “parhNaa” which means both “to read” and “to study”. However, when talking about studying typically we use “parhaaii karNaa” instead. So if you say “parhNaa”, it is more likely to mean “to read”, whereas “parhaaii karNaa” always means “to study”. |
| Eric: But remember, you can't use this word to talk about “studying something” as in “inspecting”. You can use it only for studying in relation to education and school. Udita, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. हमने पढ़ाई के साथ साथ खेल-कूद भी बहुत की। |
| Eric: ..which means “Along with our studies, we also played a lot.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Udita: पकड़ना |
| Eric: This word has several meanings, such as to take or to ride as in “to take a train” or “to take the bus”. |
| Udita: “pakadNaa” means “to catch hold of”, like when catching a ball, and “to hold” as in holding a book. But when talking about vehicles, we use “pakadNaa” for rides that have their own fixed route that allow you to hop on and off. |
| Eric: So, we can't use it for cabs or rickshaws? |
| Udita: That’s right. Because they go where you ask them to. With trains, metros and buses which have their own fixed routes, you can say “taking a train” as “treN pakadNaa”. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. नौ नंबर बस पकड़कर तुम सीधा पहुंच जाओगे। |
| Eric: .. which means “If you take the bus number 9, it'll take you straight there.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to express obligations with the help of the auxiliary verb…. |
| Udita: पड़ना padNaa |
| Eric: ...which is an auxiliary verb that has the same function as “must” or “have to” in English. You can use this word to say that you’re obliged or required to do something by other people. You can't use it to talk about your own plans, desires or rules. |
| Udita: Right. You can't use the word पड़ना padNaa to say “I have to finish this book”, if finishing the book is just your personal desire. |
| Eric: You can use it if you have to finish reading the book for studies or work or some other outside requirement. For example… |
| Udita: मुझे स्कूल के लिए यह किताब खत्म करना पड़ेगा। |
| Eric: “I have to finish reading this book for school.” |
| Udita: In its auxiliary function, there is no valid dictionary form for पड़ना padNaa. |
| Eric: All the other tenses follow regular rules. The verb in this auxiliary form is always in the singular. Udita, let's remind our listeners how it will be in the present indefinite tense. |
| Udita: The masculine form would be पड़ता है padTaa hai and feminine form is पड़ती है padTii hai |
| Eric: and how about the present continuous? |
| Udita: That would be पड़ रहा है pad rahaa hai for the masculine form and पड़ रही है pad rahii hai for the feminine. |
| Eric: Present perfect? |
| Udita: पड़ा है padaa hai for masculine and पड़ी है padii hai for feminine. |
| Eric: What about past indefinite? |
| Udita: पड़ा padaa for masculine and पड़ी padii for feminine |
| Eric: Past continuous? |
| Udita: पड़ रहा था pad rahaa THaa and पड़ रही थी pad rahii THii |
| Eric: Past perfect tense? |
| Udita: पड़ा था padaa THaa and पड़ी थी padii THii |
| Eric: Future indefinite? |
| Udita: पड़ेगा padegaa and पड़ेगी padegii. |
| Eric: The grammar structure is simple, first say the verb in dictionary form and then add the verb.. |
| Udita: पड़ना padNaa |
| Eric: ...in the appropriate tense. For example… |
| Udita: मुझे रात भर पढ़ाई करनी पड़ेगी। |
| Eric: “I will have to study all night.” |
| Udita: हमें पूरे मैदान की सफाई करनी पड़ी। |
| Eric: “We had to clean the whole field”. |
| Udita: तुम्हे मेरे साथ वहां चलना पड़ेगा। |
| Eric: “You have to go there with me.” |
| Udita: उन दिनों हमें सुबह सुबह निकलना पड़ता था। |
| Eric: “Those days we’d have to leave early in the morning.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा |
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