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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1 Lesson 25 - A Thousand Hindi Questions for You. Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this final lesson, you’ll learn how to say that something should be done or needs to be done in Hindi. The conversation take place at a medical clinic. |
| Udita: It's between Julia and the Receptionist. |
| Eric: The speakers are strangers, so they’ll be using Formal Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Julia: एक्सक्यूज़ मी, क्या आप मेरी मदत कर सकते हैं? |
| Receptionist: जी ज़रूर। |
| Julia: शुक्रिया। इस फॉर्म के कुछ भाग मुहे समझ नहीं आ रहे - क्या आप इनके मतलब बताएंगी? यह वाला क्या है? |
| Receptionist: यह आपके रोगों के इतिहास के बारे में है - अगर आप किसी गम्भीर बीमारी से गुज़र चुकी हो तो यहाँ लिखिए। |
| Julia: अच्छा। और यह - उसके नीचे? |
| Receptionist: यह पूछता है की क्या आपके कभी कोई हड्डी टूटी है। अगला वाला है, क्या रक्त से सम्बंधित कोई बिमारी हुई है? |
| Julia: अच्छा। और यहां क्या लिखना है? |
| Receptionist: अगर आपने हाल ही में कोई टीका लिया हो तो यहाँ पर लिखिए। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Julia: एक्सक्यूज़ मी, क्या आप मेरी मदत कर सकते हैं? |
| Receptionist: जी ज़रूर। |
| Julia: शुक्रिया। इस फॉर्म के कुछ भाग मुहे समझ नहीं आ रहे - क्या आप इनके मतलब बताएंगी? यह वाला क्या है? |
| Receptionist: यह आपके रोगों के इतिहास के बारे में है - अगर आप किसी गम्भीर बीमारी से गुज़र चुकी हो तो यहाँ लिखिए। |
| Julia: अच्छा। और यह - उसके नीचे? |
| Receptionist: यह पूछता है की क्या आपके कभी कोई हड्डी टूटी है। अगला वाला है, क्या रक्त से सम्बंधित कोई बिमारी हुई है? |
| Julia: अच्छा। और यहां क्या लिखना है? |
| Receptionist: अगर आपने हाल ही में कोई टीका लिया हो तो यहाँ पर लिखिए। |
| Eric: Now, listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Julia: Excuse me, can you help me please? |
| Receptionist: Yes of course. |
| Julia: I can't understand some sections of this form—can you please tell me what they mean? What is this one? |
| Receptionist: This is about the history of your illnesses—if you’ve had any serious illness, then please write about it here. |
| Julia: Okay. And this below? |
| Receptionist: This asks whether you’ve had any bone fractures. This next one asks, have you had any blood-related diseases? |
| Julia: Okay. And what needs to be written here? |
| Receptionist: If you have received any vaccinations recently, please list them here. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Udita, sometimes we hear depressing news out of India about outbreaks of dengue and malaria. |
| Udita: Unfortunately, this is true. Tropical climates are notorious for tropical diseases, and India is no exception. |
| Eric: So then what do you think is the biggest threat to the health of most Indian people? |
| Udita: Mosquitos is definitely one. They are always a huge concern for Indians during the summer. While most mosquitoes are harmless, some can be deadly and cause fatal illnesses like Dengue and Malaria. |
| Eric: And for tourists? |
| Udita: That would probably be traveler's diarrhea, which is the most common travel-related ailment. |
| Eric: I see. Actually, it’s a well-known fact that tourists often get upset stomachs from eating unclean foods. |
| Udita: Right. We call it “Delhi Belly”. Summer heat can also be a big problem for tourists who come from countries with colder climate. |
| Eric: What would you recommend for those tourists? |
| Udita: To drink energy drinks and water, and to keep hydrating yourself to avoid heat stroke. |
| Eric: I see, that's a good tip. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: भाग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: portion, divide |
| Udita: भाग [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भाग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: रोग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: disease, illness |
| Udita: रोग [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रोग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: इतिहास [natural native speed] |
| Eric: history, record |
| Udita: इतिहास [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: इतिहास [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: गुज़र चुकी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: passed away, to experience |
| Udita: गुज़र चुकी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: गुज़र चुकी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: हड्डी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: bone |
| Udita: हड्डी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हड्डी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: टूटना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to break |
| Udita: टूटना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: टूटना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: रक्त [natural native speed] |
| Eric: blood |
| Udita: रक्त [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: रक्त [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: हाल ही में [natural native speed] |
| Eric: recently |
| Udita: हाल ही में [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हाल ही में [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And lastly.. |
| Udita: टीका [natural native speed] |
| Eric: vaccine |
| Udita: टीका [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: टीका [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: गुज़र चुकी |
| Eric: which means “has passed” or “has passed through” |
| Udita: “guzarNaa” is a verb which means “to pass”. |
| Eric: You can use this verb when you're talking about time or a means of transportation, as in “time passing” or “car passing something by”. |
| Udita: “guzar cukaa” or “guzar cukii” both mean “has passed”. You can only use these phrases in the past tense. |
| Eric: These phrases can be also used when talking about going through some experience, such as an illness, or other negative experiences. |
| Udita: Right. We rarely use गुज़र चुकी when talking about something positive. |
| Eric: Udita, can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. आप बहुत मुश्किलों से गुज़र चुके हैं। |
| Eric: ..which means “You have gone through many difficulties.” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: हाल ही में |
| Eric: which means “recently” or “in the most recent times”. |
| Udita: Indians usually say it very quickly haaLii mein |
| Eric:So, though it is properly pronounced… |
| Udita: haaL hii mein |
| Eric: ...in daily conversation it may sound like… |
| Udita: haaLii mein |
| Eric: Great! Can you give us an example using this phrase, Udita? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. हाल ही में इस विषय पर एक अच्छी किताब निकली थी। |
| Eric: .. which means “A good book recently came out on this topic.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to say that something should be done or needs to be done in Hindi. The grammar rule is very simple. |
| Udita: Right. It's verb-root + Naa plus है. |
| Eric: This form has two meanings - “must do” as in “I must do” or “I have to do” or “needs to be done” as in “This needs to be done.” When speaking in the first person, it means “must do”, but in all other conjugations, it means ,“has to be done”. For example, let's take the verb “to do”, which in Hindi is... |
| Udita: करना karNaa |
| Eric: so, “have to do” would be… |
| Udita: करना है karNaa hai. “Have to” can also be something you decided for yourself, something you want to do. |
| Eric: And what about “have to sleep” in Hindi? |
| Udita: to sleep is...सोना soNaa, so “have to sleep is” सोना है soNaa hai |
| Eric: And “have to read”? |
| Udita: पढ़ना है parhNaa hai, where पढ़ना parhNaa means “to read”. |
| Eric: Great, let’s give our listeners some sample sentences. |
| Udita: Sure. मुझे वापस जाना है। mujhe vaapaS jaaNaa hai |
| Eric: “I have to go back” or “I must go back”. |
| Udita: हमें अब कहाँ जाना है? hamen ab kahaan jaaNaa hai? |
| Eric: “Where do we have to go now?” Remember listeners, you can use the grammar pattern… |
| Udita: verb root plus है |
| Eric: to talk about obligations that are fixed, predetermined and decided. You can also use this grammar structure to ask for more details, for example, about a task you have been given. |
| Udita: Right. For example, if you’ve been asked to write an essay, you may want to ask for clarification on the topic. In this case you can say… ‘किस टॉपिक पर लिखना चाहिए?kiS topic ar LikhNaa caahie? |
| Eric: which means “What topic should I write about?” or... |
| Udita: किस टॉपिक पर लिखना है?kiS topic par LikhNaa hai? |
| Eric: “Which topic do I have to write about?” You can also use this grammar point to talk about something you really want to do. For example.. |
| Udita: मुझे अगले महीने मेराथोन में दौड़ना है। mujhe agLe mahiNe mairaaTHauN mein daudNaa hai |
| Eric: “I have to…” or “I want to run in the marathon next month.” You can also use this pattern in the past tense. |
| Udita: Right. Just replace है with था . |
| Eric: For example, “had to do” will be... |
| Udita: करना था karNaa THaa |
| Eric: and “had to go” is ... |
| Udita: जाना था jaaNaa hai. जाना jaaNaa means “to go”. To express future tense, replace है with होगा . |
| Eric: So, following this pattern “Will have to do” or “Will need to do” is… |
| Udita: [करना] होगा karNaa hogaa |
| Eric: Ok, so to sum up this lesson, let's give our listeners some sample sentences. |
| Udita: Great idea. प्रिया को मेमो लिखना है। |
| Eric: “Priya has to write the memo.” |
| Udita: मुझे ड्रेस खरीदना है। |
| Eric: “I have to buy a dress.” |
| Udita: वरुण को बाज़ार जाना था। |
| Eric: “Varun had to go to the market.” |
| Udita: मुझे पैसा देना होगा। |
| Eric: “I will have to pay.” Remember listeners, you can find more useful rules and explanations in the lesson notes, so please be sure to check them out. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson and this series. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you in the next series! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा |
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