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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 6 - Making a Delicious Indian Dish. Eric here. |
| Udita: नमस्ते I'm Udita. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the habitual present continuous tense and its uses. The conversation takes place at a cafe. |
| Udita: It's between Julia and Sarika. |
| Eric: The speakers are colleagues, so they’ll be using polite Hindi. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Julia: आपको खिचड़ी बनानी आती है? |
| Sarika: हाँ, खिचड़ी तो बहुत आसान नुस्खा है - लेकिन प्रेशर कुकर की ज़रुरत होती है। |
| Julia: अच्छा मैं खरीद लुंगी । कैसे बनाते हैं? |
| Sarika: पहले मूंग दाल और चावल मिलाकर, पानी में भिगोकर रखते हैं । प्रेशर कुकर में थोड़ी सी घी में जीरा और हींग गरम करते हैं । फिर प्रेशर कुकर में पानी, हल्दी और नमक के साथ उबालकर पकाते हैं - बस। |
| Julia: इन सब की मात्राएं कितनी हैं? |
| Sarika: जितना चावल लेंगे, उसका आधा मूंग दाल। हल्दी थोड़ा सा - आधा छोटा चम्मच, और नमक थोड़ा सा - स्वाद अनुसार। और इनको चार सीटी तक उबालते हैं। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Julia: आपको खिचड़ी बनानी आती है? |
| Sarika: हाँ, खिचड़ी तो बहुत आसान नुस्खा है - लेकिन प्रेशर कुकर की ज़रुरत होती है। |
| Julia: अच्छा मैं खरीद लुंगी । कैसे बनाते हैं? |
| Sarika: पहले मूंग दाल और चावल मिलाकर, पानी में भिगोकर रखते हैं । प्रेशर कुकर में थोड़ी सी घी में जीरा और हींग गरम करते हैं । फिर प्रेशर कुकर में पानी, हल्दी और नमक के साथ उबालकर पकाते हैं - बस। |
| Julia: इन सब की मात्राएं कितनी हैं? |
| Sarika: जितना चावल लेंगे, उसका आधा मूंग दाल। हल्दी थोड़ा सा - आधा छोटा चम्मच, और नमक थोड़ा सा - स्वाद अनुसार। और इनको चार सीटी तक उबालते हैं। |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Julia: Do you know how to make Khichdi? |
| Sarika: Yes, khichdi is actually a very easy recipe—but you need a pressure cooker to make it. |
| Julia: Okay, I’ll buy one. How do you make it? |
| Sarika: First you mix the uncooked rice and yellow lentils and soak it in water. In the pressure cooker you heat some clarified butter and mix cumin seeds and asafoetida into it. Then you add the rice, lentils, turmeric and salt into the pressure cooker and boil it—that's all. |
| Julia: In what quantities? |
| Sarika: Half the amount of lentils as the amount of rice. A little bit of turmeric—about half a teaspoon, and a little bit of salt—according to taste. And you boil them until the fourth cooker whistle. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Udita, I’ve heard that khichdi is a very popular comfort food in India. |
| Udita: That's true. It's a dish made with rice and lentils, which are boiled together to make a slightly mashed, light mixture. |
| Eric: It’s usually yellow, and is eaten with butter or clarified butter, pickles, fried potatoes, or other things. |
| Udita: There are variants of the basic Khichdi dish all over South Asia, and it's a dish that’s been around for many hundreds of years. |
| Eric: In India, Khichdi is often given to people who are sick and can’t eat heavy foods because it’s light and simple in taste. |
| Udita: It's also a popular treat for wet, rainy days, served with fried vegetables and pickles on the side. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Udita: नुस्खा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: formula, recipe |
| Udita: नुस्खा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: नुस्खा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: मूंगदाल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: green gram, Mung bean |
| Udita: मूंगदाल [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मूंगदाल [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: भिगोना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to soak something |
| Udita: भिगोना [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: भिगोना [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: घी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Clarified butter, Ghee |
| Udita: घी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: जीरा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: cumin |
| Udita: जीरा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: जीरा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: हींग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: asafoetida |
| Udita: हींग [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हींग [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: हल्दी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: turmeric |
| Udita: हल्दी [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: हल्दी [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: मात्रा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: amount, quantity |
| Udita: मात्रा [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: मात्रा [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Udita: छोटा चम्मच [natural native speed] |
| Eric: teaspoon |
| Udita: छोटा चम्मच [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: छोटा चम्मच [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Udita: अनुसार [natural native speed] |
| Eric: according to |
| Udita: अनुसार [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अनुसार [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Udita: पानी में भिगोना |
| Eric: meaning “to soak in water.” Udita, let's break down this phrase to see the meaning of each word. |
| Udita: Sure. paaNii is a noun that means “water,” mein is the preposition meaning “in,” and bhigoNaa is a causative verb that means “to soak something.” |
| Eric: So, altogether.. |
| Udita: paaNii mein bhigoNaa |
| Eric: Means “to soak something in water”. You can use this phrase when you’re talking about cooking, when you need to wash or soak food items like vegetables, or when you’re talking about washing clothes. |
| Udita: You can’t use it to talk about spraying water or sprinkling water on things, because bhigoNaa refers to soaking things completely, not just spraying water on them. |
| Eric: You can also use it to talk about getting someone wet, or drenching someone in water. For example, you can say... |
| Udita: तुम्हारे शर्ट में हल्दी का रंग लगा है इस लिए इसे पानी में भिगोकर रखना पड़ेगा। |
| Eric: ..which means “There is a turmeric stain on your shirt so it will need to be soaked in water for a while.” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Udita: स्वाद अनुसार |
| Eric: meaning “according to taste.” |
| Udita: SwaaD is a noun that means “taste” or “flavor,” and aNuSaar is an adverb that means “according to.” swaaD AnuSaar is a commonly used phrase that means “according to taste.” |
| Eric: You can use this phrase in relation to cooking, especially when you’re talking about how much salt or sugar you should put in a dish or cup of tea or coffee. Where recipes would say “salt to taste” in English, in Hindi it would be… |
| Udita: Namak SwaaD aNuSaar, where Namak means “salt.” |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Udita: Sure. For example, you can say.. खाने में स्वाद अनुसार मिर्च भी डाल सकते हैं। |
| Eric: .. which means “You can also add red pepper to the food according to taste.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the habitual present continuous tense and its uses. |
| Udita: The habitual present tense is used to give instructions for activities involving technique and a set process, like cooking or arts and crafts. |
| Eric: The difference is that in those cases, there is no object and no use of pronouns involving the person doing the action. The habitual present tense describes events that happen regularly. However, unlike in English, in Hindi the present habitual tense is also used in other idiomatic ways. |
| Udita: Right. You can use this tense to suggest actions to do together, or to talk about an action you’re about to begin. |
| Eric: For example, you can say… |
| Udita: चलो कहीं खाने चलते हैं। |
| Eric: meaning “Let’s go out to eat somewhere.” You can also use the present habitual tense to talk about imminent action. For example... |
| Udita: वह फ़ाइल मैं अभी लाकर देता हूँ। |
| Eric: meaning “I will bring that file to you right away.” The present habitual tense is also used to describe processes and rituals in cooking, arts and crafts, or something that is done regularly. |
| Udita: In cooking, all instructions are given in the habitual present tense, and the grammar structure is simple. Give an action clause plus a verb in the third person present tense, plus हैं. |
| Eric: And as we mentioned, if you want to give cooking instructions, it’s not necessary to use pronouns. |
| Udita: Also, the conjugation of the verb होना hoNaa, meaning “to be” is always in the plural third person as हैं hain. |
| Eric: For example, you can say…. |
| Udita: सबसे पहले अन्डों को थोड़े से तेल और हल्दी में भूनते है। |
| Eric: meaning “First, the eggs are sauteed in a little bit of oil and turmeric.” |
| Udita: दूध को करीब आधे घंटे धीमी आंच पर उबालते हैं। |
| Eric: meaning “The milk is boiled on low heat for about half an hour.” |
| Udita: अदरक और लस्सन को पीसकर मांस पर अच्छे से मलते हैं। |
| Eric: meaning “Ginger and garlic are crushed and ground into a paste and applied all over the meat.” You can also use the present habitual tense to describe the plot of a story. |
| Udita: In the case of narrating stories, the habitual present tense is used to describe the events unfolding in the story, rather than the past tense that we would use to describe events that took place in our lives. |
| Eric: The grammar structure is simple. |
| Udita: First say the verb in the present tense and then add the present tense of होनाhoNaa meaning “to be.” |
| Eric: For example, you can say… |
| Udita: बच्चा फिर भागता हुआ मंदिर जाता है। |
| Eric: “The boy then goes running to the temple.” |
| Udita: वह महिला अपने बैग में से एक कागज़ की पर्ची निकालती है। |
| Eric: “The lady pulls a piece of paper out of her bag.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Udita: अलविदा |
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