Learn how to use the verb caahNaa
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 12: Design Your Own Custom Indian Scarf! In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the present tense with a different nuance. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place inside a cloth dying store. |
| Brandon: The speakers are a customer and the shop clerk in the store. |
| Ayesha: Since they have a customer-salesman relationship, they'll be using Polite Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Customer: भैया यह दुपट्टा रंग करवाना है। |
| Shopclerk: क्या रंग चाहिए? |
| Customer: अासमानी अौर बीच बीच में पीले रंग के छोटे छोटे बिंदु। |
| Shopclerk: नील रंगों में अाप ये देखके सही वाला चुन लीजिए। हम उस हिसाब से रंग करेंगे। |
| Customer: यह नील रंग सही है। पीले बिंदु बना लेंगे न अाप? |
| Shopclerk: जी उसका भी साइज़ अौर रंग बताइए। |
| Customer: एक इंच के ठीक है, अौर रंग यह हलका पीला चलेगा। |
| Shopclerk: अच्छा, तो यह कपड़ा यहँा छोड़ जाइए। यह पर्ची अाप रखिए अौर कल श्याम को तैयार होगा, तब ले जाइएगा। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Customer: भैया यह दुपट्टा रंग करवाना है। |
| Shopclerk: क्या रंग चाहिए? |
| Customer: अासमानी अौर बीच बीच में पीले रंग के छोटे छोटे बिंदु। |
| Shopclerk: नील रंगों में अाप ये देखके सही वाला चुन लीजिए। हम उस हिसाब से रंग करेंगे। |
| Customer: यह नील रंग सही है। पीले बिंदु बना लेंगे न अाप? |
| Shopclerk: जी उसका भी साइज़ अौर रंग बताइए। |
| Customer: एक इंच के ठीक है, अौर रंग यह हलका पीला चलेगा। |
| Shopclerk: अच्छा, तो यह कपड़ा यहँा छोड़ जाइए। यह पर्ची अाप रखिए अौर कल श्याम को तैयार होगा, तब ले जाइएगा। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Customer: भैया यह दुपट्टा रंग करवाना है। |
| Brandon: Hello, I’d like to get this scarf colored. |
| Shopclerk: क्या रंग चाहिए? |
| Brandon: What color would you like? |
| Customer: अासमानी अौर बीच बीच में पीले रंग के छोटे छोटे बिंदु। |
| Brandon: Sky blue, and small yellow dots throughout. |
| Shopclerk: नील रंगों में अाप ये देखके सही वाला चुन लीजिए। हम उस हिसाब से रंग करेंगे। |
| Brandon: Please take a look at these and pick the correct shade of blue. We'll color it accordingly. |
| Customer: यह नील रंग सही है। पीले बिंदु बना लेंगे न अाप? |
| Brandon: This shade of blue is right. You'll be able to make yellow dots right? |
| Shopclerk: जी उसका भी साइज़ अौर रंग बताइए। |
| Brandon: Yes, please also describe the size and color of that. |
| Customer: एक इंच के ठीक है, अौर रंग यह हलका पीला चलेगा। |
| Brandon: One inch is fine, and the color should be this shade of pale yellow. |
| Shopclerk: अच्छा, तो यह कपड़ा यहँा छोड़ जाइए। यह पर्ची अाप रखिए अौर कल श्याम को तैयार होगा, तब ले जाइएगा। |
| Brandon: Okay, then you can leave this piece of cloth here. Please keep this receipt; it'll be ready tomorrow evening, so you can pick it up then. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Let’s talk a little bit about Indian clothing. |
| Brandon: There are so many different types and styles across India, right? |
| Ayesha: Yes, and like the dupatta in the conversation, these don’t all have proper equivalents in English. |
| Brandon: So what's a dupatta? |
| Ayesha: It’s like a scarf, but it’s a central part of the salwar kameez outfit or the churidaar kameez outfit, not just an addition. These outfits include a long tunic and pants. Salwar kameez pants are loose at the top and narrow at the bottom, and churidaar kameez pants are narrower and show more of the shape of the leg. |
| Brandon: Right, and the scarf is the most colorful and decorative part of this outfit. |
| Ayesha: Speaking of decorations, each region has a huge variety of designs for Indian textiles! The colors and styles are very diverse. |
| Brandon: Absolutely. The most iconic is probably the tie-dye. |
| Ayesha: And that’s known as baanDHNii. This is very popular for cotton prints and is common in women’s clothes. |
| Brandon: Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: दुपट्टा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Indian long scarf |
| Ayesha: दुपट्टा [slowly - broken down by syllable] दुपट्टा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: करवाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to get something done |
| Ayesha: करवाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] करवाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next phrase is... |
| Ayesha: अासमानी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: sky blue |
| Ayesha: अासमानी [slowly - broken down by syllable] अासमानी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: पीला [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: yellow |
| Ayesha: पीला [slowly - broken down by syllable] पीला [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: बीच बीच में [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: in between, all across |
| Ayesha: बीच बीच में [slowly - broken down by syllable] बीच बीच में [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: बिंदु [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: dot, drop |
| Ayesha: बिंदु [slowly - broken down by syllable] बिंदु [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: नीला [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: blue |
| Ayesha: नीला [slowly - broken down by syllable] नीला [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: चुनना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to choose |
| Ayesha: चुनना [slowly - broken down by syllable] चुनना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: हिसाब [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: way, manner, calculation, total |
| Ayesha: हिसाब [slowly - broken down by syllable] हिसाब [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And our last word is... |
| Ayesha: पर्ची [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: parchment, paper, note |
| Ayesha: पर्ची [slowly - broken down by syllable] पर्ची [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is hiSaab. |
| Brandon: This is a masculine noun that means “total” or “calculation.” You use it when you’re talking about math totals or results. |
| Ayesha: For example, you could say, puraa miLaakar kyaa hiSaab huaa? |
| Brandon: “What’s the total with everything added up?” |
| Ayesha: The other meaning of this word is “according.” When the particle Se, meaning “from,” is added after the word, it means “according to.” So the phrase uS hiSaab Se means “according to that.” |
| Brandon: The next word is also a noun... |
| Ayesha: parcii. It means “parchment” or a “piece of paper.” |
| Brandon: This word has a very specific meaning. It's a small piece of paper with a note or something important written on it—not just a loose piece of paper. It can be a receipt, or some kind of slip to show proof of purchase. |
| Ayesha: In India, if you're getting something made or fixed, the piece of paper you show to pick it up when it’s complete is usually called a parcii. |
| Brandon: What's the next word? |
| Ayesha: It’s Dupattaa. This is an Indian word, and really has no perfect translation. |
| Brandon: As we talked about earlier, the closest translation is a long scarf, but this has a different function from the English language concept of a scarf. |
| Ayesha: Yes, it's partially decorative, and partially to make the outfit modest. |
| Brandon: It’s a long piece of cloth, usually of light material, that goes over the shoulders from the front, and covers the chest loosely over the fitted tunic that women wear. |
| Ayesha: As we mentioned earlier, Indian women often wear Salwar-Kameez and Churidaar-Kameez outfits, which both involve long tunic-type shirts that go down to the knee, called kamiiz. |
| Brandon: These outfits are incomplete without the scarf. It’s usually draped over the shoulders in a U- or V-shape. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ayesha: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the verb caahNaa, which has many uses in Hindi. |
| Brandon: It’s most useful in customer-client conversations. |
| Ayesha: The simple meaning of caahNaa is “to want.” The conjugation is regular, so the masculine present tense is caahTaa; the feminine is caahTii; and the plural is caahTe. Future tenses are caahuNgaa for the masculine; caahuNgii for the feminine; and caaheNge for the plural. |
| Brandon: The past tense is irregular. |
| Ayesha: That's right. It's caahaa for masculine, feminine, and plural. So a male would say, maiNe caahaa THaa and so would a female, and a group would say hamNe caahaa THaa. |
| Brandon: The other irregular aspect is how this verb is used. Although it’s a transitive verb, it’s used differently with noun subjects and verb subjects. |
| Ayesha: With verbs, the usage is simple. The structure is the Object, then the Subject, then the Verb. For example, raaDhaa miLNaa caahTii hai, meaning “Radha wants to meet.” |
| Brandon: As long as the subject in the sentence is a verb, the sentence follows the structure of other regular transitive verbs in all the tenses. |
| Ayesha: This changes when the subject is a noun. For example, with the sentence “I want books,” the regular structure would be main kiTaab caahTaa huun in the masculine tense. But this is rarely the structure you use. |
| Brandon: Instead, the sentence is made indirect, and a different conjugation is used. |
| Ayesha: And that’s caahie. Also, the object marker ko is used after the Object, or if the Object is a pronoun, then it becomes oblique. So main becomes mujhe; Tum becomes Tumhe; ham becomes hamein; and aap becomes aapko. |
| Brandon: Right, and since the sentence becomes indirect, the conjugation in the past or future tense has to match the Subject, not the Object. So let’s redo the sentence we used earlier: “I want books.” What should this be? |
| Ayesha: mujhe kiTaab caahie. |
| Brandon: How about, “Everyone wanted sweets?” |
| Ayesha: Sabko mithaaiiyaan caahie THii. |
| Brandon: Right. Now let’s talk about the other meanings of this verb. |
| Ayesha: Yes. Although it literally means “to want,” it's also used as “like” with types of things. For example, in the conversation, the shopkeeper asks, kauNSaa raNg caahie? |
| Brandon: Meaning, “Which color would you like?” Another meaning of this verb is “to like someone,” and it can be used when talking about “crushes” or stronger attraction, like “love.” |
| Ayesha: Right, and this is the default meaning when you’re using caahNaa to talk about a person. Here, the regular verb conjugation is used as well as the Object marker. |
| Brandon: Can you give us an example? |
| Ayesha: Sure! Puujaa Ravii ko caahTii hai. Puja, a woman, is the subject, and Ravi is the object. It means, “Puja loves or likes Ravi.” |
| Brandon: The final usage of this verb is as an auxiliary. You use it with other verbs to add meaning to those verb functions. |
| Ayesha: Right. This function also only uses the verb conjugated as caahie, but with other verbs in their dictionary forms. The meaning of the auxiliary is “should.” |
| Brandon: And this works with all kinds of verbs. |
| Ayesha: For example, karNaa caahie means “should do” and hoNaa caahie means “should be” or “should happen.” |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. |
| Ayesha: Listeners, Make sure you check out the lesson notes for more explanations and examples. |
| Brandon: We hope you enjoyed the lesson. Till next time! |
| Ayesha: Shukriya aur aLviDaa! |
Comments
Hide