Learn how to use the "used to" tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 13: Visiting Old Friends in India. |
| Ayesha: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the tense “used to” in Hindi, using the verb karNaa. This conversation takes place inside an office. |
| Brandon: And the speakers are Supriya and Alia, who are colleagues. |
| Ayesha: Since they're colleagues, they'll be using polite Familiar Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Ayesha - Alia |
| Neha - Supriya |
| Alia: तुम छुट्टियों में कहाँ जानेवाले हो? |
| Supriya: मैं हरद्वार जा रही हूँ। |
| Alia: अच्छा? मेरे चाचाजी वहाँ रहा करते थे, तब गयी थी एक बार। तुम कब रहती थी वहाँ? |
| Supriya: मैं जब चारवी कक्षा में थी तब मेरे पापा का व्यापार था हरद्वार में। हम पांच साल रहे थे वहाँ। |
| Alia: तो अभी जगह दोबारा घूमने जाएंगी? |
| Supriya: हाँ हम जहाँ रहते थे वो सारे जगह। फिर हर की पौड़ी हम मानो हर हफ़्ते जाते थे, वहाँ जाउंगी और आस पास लच्छिवाला जंगल, ऋशिकेश और दूसरी तरफ़ मसूरी पाहाड़ तक भी। |
| Alia: बहुत सालोँ बाद जा रही हो क्या? |
| Supriya: हाँ अब अच्छा मौका है क्युँकि मेरी दोस्त भी होगी वहाँ। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Alia: तुम छुट्टियों में कहाँ जानेवाले हो? |
| Supriya: मैं हरद्वार जा रही हूँ। |
| Alia: अच्छा? मेरे चाचाजी वहाँ रहा करते थे, तब गयी थी एक बार। तुम कब रहती थी वहाँ? |
| Supriya: मैं जब चारवी कक्षा में थी तब मेरे पापा का व्यापार था हरद्वार में। हम पांच साल रहे थे वहाँ। |
| Alia: तो अभी जगह दोबारा घूमने जाएंगी? |
| Supriya: हाँ हम जहाँ रहते थे वो सारे जगह। फिर हर की पौड़ी हम मानो हर हफ़्ते जाते थे, वहाँ जाउंगी और आस पास लच्छिवाला जंगल, ऋशिकेश और दूसरी तरफ़ मसूरी पाहाड़ तक भी। |
| Alia: बहुत सालोँ बाद जा रही हो क्या? |
| Supriya: हाँ अब अच्छा मौका है क्युँकि मेरी दोस्त भी होगी वहाँ। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Alia: तुम छुट्टियों में कहाँ जानेवाले हो? |
| Brandon: Where are you going for the holidays? |
| Supriya: मैं हरद्वार जा रही हूँ। |
| Brandon: I'm going to Haridwar to see my friend, and I used to live there so I'm going back to revisit some places. |
| Alia: अच्छा? मेरे चाचाजी वहाँ रहा करते थे, तब गयी थी एक बार। तुम कब रहती थी वहाँ? |
| Brandon: Oh, really? I've been there once when my uncle used to live there. When did you live there? |
| Supriya: मैं जब चारवी कक्षा में थी तब मेरे पापा का व्यापार था हरद्वार में। हम पांच साल रहे थे वहाँ। |
| Brandon: When I was in fourth grade, my father was doing business in Haridwar. We lived there for five years. |
| Alia: तो अभी जगह दोबारा घूमने जाएंगी? |
| Brandon: So you want to go back and see all the places you knew? |
| Supriya: हाँ हम जहाँ रहते थे वो सारे जगह। फिर हर की पौड़ी हम मानो हर हफ़्ते जाते थे, वहाँ जाउंगी और आस पास लच्छिवाला जंगल, ऋशिकेश और दूसरी तरफ़ मसूरी पाहाड़ तक भी। |
| Brandon: Yes, all the places near where we lived. Also, we used to visit Har ki Paudi just about every week, so I'll go there, and around Lachhivala forest, Rishikesh, and Mussoorie Mountain on the other side. |
| Alia: बहुत सालोँ बाद जा रही हो क्या? |
| Brandon: Are you going back after a long time? |
| Supriya: हाँ अब अच्छा मौका है क्युँकि मेरी दोस्त भी होगी वहाँ। |
| Brandon: Yes, I finally have a chance to because my friend is living there. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Brandon, did you know that Haridwar is an important place for Hindu pilgrims? |
| Brandon: I did! It’s in northern India, near the Himalayas, right? |
| Ayesha: That's right. A lot of important religious sites are in that region, according to Hindu mythology. One of the great gods, Shiva, is said to reside in the Kailash Mountain in the Himalayas. |
| Brandon: I’ve also heard that the Ganges River is said to begin at Shiva’s head and runs down from the heart of the Himalayas. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. Ganga, as it's called in Hindi, is the most sacred river for Hindus. It runs down the Himalayas and further south and east to the Bay of Bengal. It’s believed to have the ability to purify and cleanse. |
| Brandon: A lot of holy sites are along the bank of this river. |
| Ayesha: Yes, Haridwar is actually one of the places where the river broadens out but is still very strong. People go to Haridwar to pray and pay respect to Ganga. |
| Brandon: That’s interesting! Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: छुट्टी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: holiday, vacation |
| Ayesha: छुट्टी [slowly - broken down by syllable] छुट्टी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: चारवा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: fourth |
| Ayesha: चारवा [slowly - broken down by syllable] चारवा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: कक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: a class, group of students |
| Ayesha: कक्षा [slowly - broken down by syllable] कक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: पापा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: father |
| Ayesha: पापा [slowly - broken down by syllable] पापा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: व्यापार [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: trade |
| Ayesha: व्यापार [slowly - broken down by syllable] व्यापार [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: मानना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to believe |
| Ayesha: मानना [slowly - broken down by syllable] मानना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: आसपास [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: nearby |
| Ayesha: आसपास [slowly - broken down by syllable] आसपास [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: जंगल [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: forest |
| Ayesha: जंगल [slowly - broken down by syllable] जंगल [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: तरफ़ [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: direction, across |
| Ayesha: तरफ़ [slowly - broken down by syllable] तरफ़ [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And the last word is... |
| Ayesha: मौका [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: chance, opportunity |
| Ayesha: मौका [slowly - broken down by syllable] मौका [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is vyaapaar which means “trading” in Hindi. |
| Brandon: This is a masculine noun, and it actually has a pretty broad meaning, including “trading,” “business,” and “profession.” |
| Ayesha: That’s right. These differences have to be understood from the situation. |
| Brandon: Or how it's used in a sentence. |
| Ayesha: Right. When you use it with the transitive verb karNaa, the phrase vyaapaar karNaa means “to trade” or “to do business.” We see this in the example sentence vyaapaar karNe ke Lie suruvaaT mein khiLaT ki zaruraT hoTii hai. |
| Brandon: This means, “You need investment in the beginning to do business.” |
| Ayesha: Okay, let’s move on to the next word—the verb maaNNaa. |
| Brandon: It means “to believe” and “to go by,” as in “to go by common wisdom” or “going by what he said.” |
| Ayesha: The first meaning “to believe” is used with objects of faith, such as religion. For example, bhagvaaN ko maaNNaa means “to believe in God, or the gods, and in the divine.” |
| Brandon: The second meaning is related to accepting something as truth or accepting what someone says. |
| Ayesha: Right. You could say merii baaT maaNo to mean “Believe me,” or “Listen to what I say.” |
| Brandon: The third use is with an auxiliary verb... |
| Ayesha: jaaNaa. So, maaN jaaNaa means “to agree to do something” or “to be convinced.” Such as, caacaajii mere SaaTH aaNe ke Lie maaN gae. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “Uncle has agreed to come with me.” What's the next word? |
| Ayesha: Taraf. |
| Brandon: It means “direction” and “side.” |
| Ayesha: Taraf is used mostly with Daaen and baaen, which mean “right” and “left” respectively, or with iS and uS, which mean “this” and “that.” |
| Brandon: So "on that side" would be... |
| Ayesha: uS Taraf. It can also be used with DuuSraa, so that DuSre Taraf means “the other side.” |
| Brandon: And that can refer to the other side of a road, a bridge, or river, but you can also use it to describe an opposing team in a sports game. |
| Ayesha: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll earn about the tense “used to” in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This is a function of the verb karNaa meaning “to do.” |
| Brandon: You use this tense for actions that were repetitive and lasted awhile in the past, and then ended. Such as in, “Asha used to practice skating,” and, “We used to go to the park everyday.” |
| Ayesha: The tense is very simple to create. The main verb is conjugated into the past participle form and then followed by karTaa THaa, karTii THii, or karTe The depending on the gender and number. |
| Brandon: We’ve talked about verb participles before. In this tense, only the singular masculine forms of the verb participles are used. |
| Ayesha: Right, so rahNaa which means “to stay or to live,” is rahaa. kahNaa, meaning “to say,” is kahaa. And SuNNaa, which means “to hear” becomes SuNaa. |
| Brandon: So can you give us the complete phrases? |
| Ayesha: Sure! rahaa karTaa Thaa is “used to stay.” kahaa karTi Thii is “used to say.” And SuNaa karTe The is “used to hear.” |
| Brandon: The verb participles are in this form regardless of the gender and number of subject and objects. |
| Ayesha: Yes. Only the karTaa THaa will be adjusted to match the subject or object. |
| Brandon: Let’s take a look at how this tense is different from the other past tenses we’ve talked about before. |
| Ayesha: Okay. The simple past tense for the singular masculine form of the verb karNaa is kiyaa. |
| Brandon: So that means "did." |
| Ayesha: Another one is kiyaa Thaa, meaning “had done.” kar rahaa THaa means “was doing.” karTaa THaa means “used to do,” and kiyaa karTaa THaa means “used to be doing.” |
| Brandon: Let’s try a few examples. How about this sentence? “We used to meet up every week.” |
| Ayesha: “Meet up” is miLNaa. The verb participle form is miLaa, so we have miLaa karTe THe because the subject is plural. Here’s the full sentence: ham har haphTe miLaa karTe THe. |
| Brandon: Right! Here’s another one, "She used to bake excellent cakes." |
| Ayesha: Okay. “Used to bake” is baNaayaa karTii THii. So the whole sentence is vah bahuT acche kek baNaayaa karTii THii. |
| Brandon: Yes, and you can find more examples and explanations in the Lesson Notes, so don’t forget to check those out! |
Outro |
| Ayesha: Well, that’s all we have for this lesson. We hope you enjoyed it! |
| Brandon: Here’s an example you can try out on your own. How would you say, “Kapil used to come here every day?” |
| Ayesha: Let us know what you come up with by leaving us a comment at HindiPod101.com! |
| Brandon: Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Ayesha: Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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