Learn how to say "while"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 2, Lesson 14: What Have You Been Up to in India? In this lesson, you’ll learn about the verb tense “while doing” in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place outside in a suburban neighborhood. |
| Brandon: And it’s between Ms. Sharma and Ms. Gupta, who are neighbors. |
| Ayesha: Since they're neighbors, they'll be speaking in familiar terms but in Polite Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Ms. Sharma: नमस्ते गुप्ताजी कैसे हो आप? बहुत दिनों बाद मुलाकात हो गयी आप से। |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँजी मैं बड़िया हुँ, बस अभी कानपुर घूमकर लौटे हैं। आप बताइए, घर पे सब कैसे हैं। |
| Ms. Sharma: बिलकुल ठीक हैं बस सब काम में व्यस्त है। अच्छा कानपुर गए थे तब ही दिखे नहीं। बच्चों का स्कूल कैसा चल रहा है? |
| Ms. Gupta: अच्छा है, छोटा वाला अभी पहली कश्रा में आ गया है, तो दोनों को एक स्कूल में डाल दिया है। और बड़ी वाली, रिया, भरतनाट्यम सीख रही है। |
| Ms. Sharma: हाँ वह तो बहुत अच्छा नाचती है। काफ़ी साल हो गए है न सीखते हुए? |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँ छह साल हो गए उसे, अभी आरंगेत्रम भी करेगी। |
| Ms. Sharma: वाह! यह तो बहुत अच्छी खबर है। कब है आरंगेत्रम ? |
| Ms. Gupta: दो महीनों में है। रिया आपको न्योता देने जाएगी ज़रूर जाएगी उससे पहले। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Ms. Sharma: नमस्ते गुप्ताजी कैसे हो आप? बहुत दिनों बाद मुलाकात हो गयी आप से। |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँजी मैं बड़िया हुँ, बस अभी कानपुर घूमकर लौटे हैं। आप बताइए, घर पे सब कैसे हैं। |
| Ms. Sharma: बिलकुल ठीक हैं बस सब काम में व्यस्त है। अच्छा कानपुर गए थे तब ही दिखे नहीं। बच्चों का स्कूल कैसा चल रहा है? |
| Ms. Gupta: अच्छा है, छोटा वाला अभी पहली कश्रा में आ गया है, तो दोनों को एक स्कूल में डाल दिया है। और बड़ी वाली, रिया, भरतनाट्यम सीख रही है। |
| Ms. Sharma: हाँ वह तो बहुत अच्छा नाचती है। काफ़ी साल हो गए है न सीखते हुए? |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँ छह साल हो गए उसे, अभी आरंगेत्रम भी करेगी। |
| Ms. Sharma: वाह! यह तो बहुत अच्छी खबर है। कब है आरंगेत्रम ? |
| Ms. Gupta: दो महीनों में है। रिया आपको न्योता देने जाएगी ज़रूर जाएगी उससे पहले। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Ms. Sharma: नमस्ते गुप्ताजी कैसे हो आप? बहुत दिनों बाद मुलाकात हो गयी आप से। |
| Brandon: Hello, Ms. Gupta, how are you? I'm seeing you after quite some time. |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँजी मैं बड़िया हुँ, बस अभी कानपुर घूमकर लौटे हैं। आप बताइए, घर पे सब कैसे हैं। |
| Brandon: Yes, I'm very well. We've just returned from a trip to Kanpur. How about you? How is everyone at home? |
| Ms. Sharma: बिलकुल ठीक हैं बस सब काम में व्यस्त है। अच्छा कानपुर गए थे तब ही दिखे नहीं। बच्चों का स्कूल कैसा चल रहा है? |
| Brandon: Very well, just busy with work. So you were in Kanpur? That's why I didn't see you around. How is the kids' school going? |
| Ms. Gupta: अच्छा है, छोटा वाला अभी पहली कश्रा में आ गया है, तो दोनों को एक स्कूल में डाल दिया है। और बड़ी वाली, रिया, भरतनाट्यम सीख रही है। |
| Brandon: Good, the younger one is now in first grade, so now both kids are in the same school. And the older one, Riya, is studying Bharatnatyam classical dance. |
| Ms. Sharma: हाँ वह तो बहुत अच्छा नाचती है। काफ़ी साल हो गए है न सीखते हुए? |
| Brandon: Yes, she's quite a good dancer. She's been studying it for quite a few years now, right? |
| Ms. Gupta: हाँ छह साल हो गए उसे, अभी आरंगेत्रम भी करेगी। |
| Brandon: Yes, it's been six years for her now, and she'll do the Aarangetram completion performance soon, too. |
| Ms. Sharma: वाह! यह तो बहुत अच्छी खबर है। कब है आरंगेत्रम ? |
| Brandon: Wow! That's very good news. When is the Aarangetram? |
| Ms. Gupta: दो महीनों में है। रिया आपको न्योता देने जाएगी ज़रूर जाएगी उससे पहले। |
| Brandon: In two months' time. Riya will definitely be sending you an invitation before that. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: So, Ms. Gupta’s daughter is learning Bharatnatyam. What do you know about this dance? |
| Brandon: From what I’ve heard, it’s an ancient dance tradition that comes from the southern regions of India. It’s one of the most-loved classical dance forms in India. |
| Ayesha: That’s right! It’s at least 2300 years old. Many old sculptures on temple walls are related to this dance. |
| Brandon: Is it true that the movements of the dancer represents a dancing flame? |
| Ayesha: It is! And while the dance is associated with Tamil culture and communities, children all over India also learn this dance, just like we heard in the conversation. |
| Brandon: It’s very dramatic and beautiful too! Female dancers wear a brightly-colored silk sari and their fingertips are painted bright red, so that when they create hand gestures it looks like red-tipped flowers blooming. |
| Ayesha: The most special performance is the Arangetram (aaraNgetram). That’s when the dancer debuts for the first time in public after she has completed her studies. |
| Brandon: Yes, we heard Ms. Gupta and Ms. Sharma talking about that. It's quite a special occasion in the career of these dancers, right? |
| Ayesha: Yes, especially since it take many years of intense training to reach that level. |
| Brandon: Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: मुलाकात [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: meeting |
| Ayesha: मुलाकात [slowly - broken down by syllable] मुलाकात [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: व्यस्त [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: busy, engaged |
| Ayesha: व्यस्त [slowly - broken down by syllable] व्यस्त [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: दिखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to be visible |
| Ayesha: दिखना [slowly - broken down by syllable] दिखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: कक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: classroom, class |
| Ayesha: कक्षा [slowly - broken down by syllable] कक्षा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: भरतनाट्यम [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: classical traditional dance form from Southern India |
| Ayesha: भरतनाट्यम [slowly - broken down by syllable] भरतनाट्यम [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: सीखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to learn |
| Ayesha: सीखना [slowly - broken down by syllable] सीखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: नाचना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to dance |
| Ayesha: नाचना [slowly - broken down by syllable] नाचना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: वाह! [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Wow!, Great!, Excellent! (a reaction associated with a positive impression) |
| Ayesha: वाह! [slowly - broken down by syllable] वाह! [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: खबर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: news, information |
| Ayesha: खबर [slowly - broken down by syllable] खबर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: न्योता [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: invitation |
| Ayesha: न्योता [slowly - broken down by syllable] न्योता [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is vyaST. This is a noun and an adjective, and it means “busy” in Hindi. |
| Brandon: It also implies “unavailable.” It’s a common word used especially in recorded phone messages by phone service providers that play if the line you’ve called is engaged or busy. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. If you're calling a number in a Hindi-speaking region of India and the number is busy, you may hear the message, yah LaaiN abhii vyaST hai. |
| Brandon: What's the next word? |
| Ayesha: Next is the verb DikhNaa which means “to be seen” or “to be visible.” |
| Brandon: This is an intransitive verb. |
| Ayesha: The transitive action of seeing is the verb DekhNaa, which has a subject who sees the object. DikhNaa is the intransitive equivalent, where the object is a subject, which “looks” a certain way. |
| Brandon: So if you want to ask “How does it look,” you can use this verb to say... |
| Ayesha: kaiSaa Dikh rahaa hai? The next word is NyoTaa, which means “invite” or “invitation.” |
| Brandon: This is a masculine noun. You use it for proper, formal invitations as well as informal, verbal invites. |
| Ayesha: The sentence “To send an invitation” in Hindi is simply NyoTaa bhejNaa. But “to invite” someone requires a different phrase. In this case, NyoTaa is combined with “DeNaa” which means “to give,” so that you have NyoTaa DeNaa, or “to invite.” |
| Brandon: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use a verb tense to express “while doing something.” In Hindi, this is constructed through verb conjugations. For example, to say “I was walking while talking” in Hindi, you don’t use a separate conjunction for “while.” |
| Ayesha: Instead, the verb conjugation is the verb-root, plus Te hue. |
| Brandon: Yes, this is how the first verb in the sentence is conjugated to express “doing X while doing Y.” This applies the same way to all kinds of verbs for the first action mentioned in the sentence, regardless of tenses, numbers and genders. The second action has to have the right tense and gender depending on the subject and object. |
| Ayesha: For example, karNaa, meaning “to do,” will be karTe hue. And similarly, hoNaa meaning “to be”, LikhNaa meaning [to write], LeNaa meaning “to take”, and jaaNaa meaning “to go” will be hoTe hue, LikhTe hue, LeTe hue, and jaaTe hue. |
| Brandon: Right. Let’s take a look at how you use this. If you want to say, “I ate while watching TV,” the phrase “while watching TV” will be made into this form. |
| Ayesha: “To watch” in Hindi in DekhNaa, so this will be tiivii DekhTe hue. The order is the opposite in Hindi, so the sentence will be, maiNe tiivii DekhTe hue khaaNaa khaaya. |
| Brandon: Right. The construction “while watching TV” will be the same no matter what the tense of the whole sentence is. |
| Ayesha: So we can say, main tiivii DekhTe hue khaaNaa khaaTii huun, which means “I eat while watching TV.” |
| Brandon: This verb conjugation has another use when you’re talking about things happening, while something has been ongoing. For example, if you want to say, “A month has passed, searching for information,” then you use this same verb construction. |
| Ayesha: This is khabar dhuuNdTe hue, ek mahiiNaa ho gaya. |
| Brandon: We heard the same function used in the conversation. |
| Ayesha: Yes, when Ms. Sharma asks, kaafii SaaL ho gae hain Na SiikhTe hue, when they’re talking about Ms. Gupta’s daughter studying dance. |
| Brandon: The literal translation of this would be something like, “Quite a few years have passed, her studying dance right?” But what it means is, “She has been studying for quite a few years now, right?” |
| Ayesha: Right, You use this function when two actions are happening simultaneously but with different agents. |
| Brandon: So rather than talking about, “Me watching TV,” and “Me eating food,” this applies to concepts like “I am learning dancing” and “Time is passing.” Ayesha, how would you say this sentence in Hindi - “He went home singing.” |
| Ayesha: “Went home” is the active verb which comes second, so we will conjugate “singing.” “To sing” is gaaNaa gaaNaa, and we’ll change it to gaaNaa gaaTe hue. So the whole sentence is vah gaaNaa gaaTe hue ghar gayaa. |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well that’s all we have for our lesson. Don’t forget to check out the lesson notes for more explanations and examples. |
| Ayesha: We hope you enjoyed the lesson! Here’s an example for practice. How would you say the following in Hindi? “Priya will come running.” |
| Brandon: You can let us know your answer in a comment at HindiPod101.com. Until next time! |
| Ayesha: Sukriyaa aur AlviDaa! |
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