Learn how to conjugate verbs for multiple actions
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 15: A Unique Indian Festival |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner Series season 1, Lesson 15: A Unique Indian Festival. In this lesson, you’ll learn about verb constructions for actions that come one after another. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place over the phone. |
| Brandon: And it’s between Sunaina and her brother Aman. |
| Ayesha: Since Aman is older than Sunaina, she'll be using Familiar Hindi, while Aman will be using Casual Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Sunaina: हेलो भैया? मैं सुनैना। हैपी राखी! |
| Aman: तुझे भी! तेरी राखी मुझे मिली! मैं अभी पहनकर घूम रहा हुँ। |
| Sunaina: ओ अच्छा हुआ! मैं ने पहले ही भेज दी। तुम्हे छुट्टी मिली की आज भी काम कर रहे हो? |
| Aman: नहीं अब ऑफिस में ही हूँ। आज भी काम है, तो माफ़ करियो, तुझे राखी का तोहफ़ा देर से मिलेगा। |
| Sunaina: क्या मिल रहा है मुझे? |
| Aman: वह तो सरप्राइज़ है। लेकिन राखी का तोहफ़ा अब नवरात्रि के अवसर पर मिलेगा। |
| Sunaina: चलो मनज़ूर है। तोहफ़ा छोड़ो , तुम नवरात्रि पर पक्का आ रहे हो न? |
| Aman: बिलकुल बिलकुल। तु डांडिया तैयार रख, मैं पँहुचता हूँ। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Sunaina: हेलो भैया? मैं सुनैना। हैपी राखी! |
| Aman: तुझे भी! तेरी राखी मुझे मिली! मैं अभी पहनकर घूम रहा हुँ। |
| Sunaina: ओ अच्छा हुआ! मैं ने पहले ही भेज दी। तुम्हे छुट्टी मिली की आज भी काम कर रहे हो? |
| Aman: नहीं अब ऑफिस में ही हूँ। आज भी काम है, तो माफ़ करियो, तुझे राखी का तोहफ़ा देर से मिलेगा। |
| Sunaina: क्या मिल रहा है मुझे? |
| Aman: वह तो सरप्राइज़ है। लेकिन राखी का तोहफ़ा अब नवरात्रि के अवसर पर मिलेगा। |
| Sunaina: चलो मनज़ूर है। तोहफ़ा छोड़ो , तुम नवरात्रि पर पक्का आ रहे हो न? |
| Aman: बिलकुल बिलकुल। तु डांडिया तैयार रख, मैं पँहुचता हूँ। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: हेलो भैया? मैं सुनैना। हैपी राखी! |
| Brandon: Hello, brother? It's me, Sunaina. Happy Rakhi! |
| B: तुझे भी! तेरी राखी मुझे मिली! मैं अभी पहनकर घूम रहा हुँ। |
| Brandon: You too! I got your Rakhi! I'm wearing it right now. |
| A: ओ अच्छा हुआ! मैं ने पहले ही भेज दी। तुम्हे छुट्टी मिली की आज भी काम कर रहे हो? |
| Brandon: Oh that's good! I sent it early. Did you get a day off or are you working today too? |
| B: नहीं अब ऑफिस में ही हूँ। आज भी काम है, तो माफ़ करियो, तुझे राखी का तोहफ़ा देर से मिलेगा। |
| Brandon: No, I'm in the office right now. I have to work today, so I hope you don't mind, but you'll get your Rakhi present late from me. |
| A: क्या मिल रहा है मुझे? |
| Brandon: What will I be getting? |
| B: वह तो सरप्राइज़ है। लेकिन राखी का तोहफ़ा अब नवरात्रि के अवसर पर मिलेगा। |
| Brandon: That's a surprise. But you'll get your Rakhi present on the occasion of Navratri now. |
| A: चलो मनज़ूर है। तोहफ़ा छोड़ो , तुम नवरात्रि पर पक्का आ रहे हो न? |
| Brandon: Okay, done. Forget the present, are you definitely coming on Navratri? |
| B: बिलकुल बिलकुल। तु डांडिया तैयार रख, मैं पँहुचता हूँ। |
| Brandon: Absolutely. Keep your Dandiya sticks ready; I'll come over. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: So, Ayesha, what’s the Rakhi festival? |
| Ayesha: It’s a unique festival that celebrates the relationship of brotherly-sisterly love. The longer, formal name is Raksha Bandhan. |
| Brandon: It originates from Hindu tradition but is quite broadly celebrated in India today, and not just by people who are blood relatives. |
| Ayesha: Yes, the main ritual is the sister tying a special thread on her brother’s wrist. This thread is called Rakhi. |
| Brandon: Right, and these days you can find many decorative threads like this. Around the time of the festival, you’ll find many of them being sold in the markets and stores, and on the street corner. |
| Ayesha: Yes, but the festival has also changed in recent times. Today, it's expected that the brother will give some gift to his sister in return. Also, girls can tie a rakhi onto boys even if they're not related. The idea is that he then becomes a brother to her. |
| Brandon: I’ve heard that this can make Rakhi the worst day of the year for some boys. |
| Ayesha: It sure can! There’s a danger if a boy has a crush on a girl, and she wants to tie a rakhi on his wrist. That symbolizes that he’s the girl’s brother. |
| Brandon: Yes, and that can be heart-breaking for a serious crush. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: राखी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: a brother-sister festival, and the name of the thread that a girl ties onto her brother’s hand that day |
| Ayesha: राखी [slowly - broken down by syllable] राखी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: पहनना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to wear |
| Ayesha: पहनना [slowly - broken down by syllable] पहनना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: तोहफ़ा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: gift, present |
| Ayesha: तोहफ़ा [slowly - broken down by syllable] तोहफ़ा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: नवरात्रि [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: a nine night-long festival, celebrated among Hindus |
| Ayesha: नवरात्रि [slowly - broken down by syllable] नवरात्रि [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: अवसर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: occasion, chance |
| Ayesha: अवसर [slowly - broken down by syllable] अवसर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: मंज़ूर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: accepted, agreed |
| Ayesha: मंज़ूर [slowly - broken down by syllable] मंज़ूर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: छोड़ना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to leave |
| Ayesha: छोड़ना [slowly - broken down by syllable] छोड़ना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And our last word is... |
| Ayesha: डांडिया [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: special sticks used in a Gujarati folk dance |
| Ayesha: डांडिया [slowly - broken down by syllable] डांडिया [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is avSar. This is a masculine noun that means a combination of “occasion” and “chance.” |
| Brandon: When you use it to say “On this occasion,” it automatically implies a “special occasion.” |
| Ayesha: And that phrase is iS avSar par. Another common phrase is, “On the occasion of Some Event,” or Event ke avSar par. |
| Brandon: You can say this at a festival, an important anniversary, or even someone’s birthday. |
| Ayesha: Let’s move on to the second word. This is maNzuur. |
| Brandon: This is a participle that means “agreed” or “accepted,” and is a combination of both meanings. |
| Ayesha: It’s accompanied by the verb “to be,” hoNaa, and the object marker ko. |
| Brandon: In English you say, “I agree” or “I accept,” but in Hindi you use this in the intransitive form: “it is agreed or accepted by me.” |
| Ayesha: The object of the sentence is followed by ko and so if you use personal pronouns, then the oblique form is necessary. For example, the sentence, “I accept,” in Hindi is mujhe maNzuur hai. |
| Brandon: The meaning is a bit more nuanced than simply accepting something. It’s more active, and so it’s somewhere between accepting and agreeing. |
| Ayesha: The next key vocab is the verb chodNaa. This is a transitive verb that means “to let go.” |
| Brandon: The subject can be anything from a cup, a book, a handle, to habits such as smoking, where the meaning becomes “to quit.” |
| Ayesha: You also use it when you’re talking about failing to catch something, like a ball thrown at you. |
| Brandon: It’s a very useful verb, and it’s good idea to note how it can be used differently, because there can be many uses. |
| Ayesha: Here’s one example, vah yojNaa chodo, ab koii DuSrii yojNaa baNaao. This means, “Forget that plan; now think of a different one.” |
| Brandon: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn about conjugating verbs when there are multiple actions. |
| Ayesha: In Hindi, when the sentence involves an action, plus another action, different verb conjugations are used rather than conjunctions. |
| Brandon: The kind of conjugation you use depends on the situation. In this lesson, we’ll focus on the construction where multiple verbs are used for actions that follow one another. |
| Ayesha: The structure of the conjugation is - the first verb root with kar, then followed by the second verb. For example, SuNNaa means “to hear” and jaaNaa means “to go.” In this form, the phrase will be SuNkar jaaNaa. |
| Brandon: This can have two meanings. One is "to listen and go," and the second is "to go upon hearing." |
| Ayesha: The form is very simple. The first verb in the sequence of actions is taken in its root form and “kar” is added. So hoNaa, meaning “to be,” becomes hokar. |
| Brandon: Let's hear a few more examples. |
| Ayesha: miLNaa becomes miLkar and parhNaa becomes parhkar. One thing to note is that kar is often used as ke in colloquial Hindi. So miLkar and miLke are the same. However, when the verb is karNaa meaning “to do,” it's better to use karke rather than karkar. |
| Brandon: There are four types of situations where this conjugation will be used. The first is a simple sentence where one action follows another. The first verb is conjugated to show the presence of the next using this form. |
| Ayesha: For example, SapNaa Subah ko DuuDH piikar muh DHoTii hai, meaning “Sapna drinks milk and then washes her face in the morning.” The first action “to drink” is conjugated to show the presence of the next action “to wash,” so it uses piikar DHoNaa. |
| Brandon: The second situation is when one action continues and another action starts. |
| Ayesha: For example, raaj aaj ghar Se SafeD kurTaa pahaNkar NikLaa. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “Raj left the house today wearing a white shirt.” |
| Ayesha: The third situation is when the second action happens because of the first. For example, priyaaNkaa khabar SuNkar ghar gayii means “Priyanka went home after hearing the news.” |
| Brandon: The fourth situation is when the second action will only start after the first one is completed, such as, “I’ll go only after I’m done eating.” |
| Ayesha: In Hindi, that’s main khaaNaa khaakar jaauungii. |
| Brandon: The usage and often the tone is what shows the difference between each situation. |
| Ayesha: Yes, but one thing to keep in mind is that you can only use this form when the actions are done by the same actor. |
| Brandon: So, you can't use it in a sentence with different actors, such as, “Nina threw the ball and Sam caught it.” |
| Ayesha: Thats Right, |
Outro |
| Ayesha: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. |
| Brandon: Don’t forget to look through the lesson notes for more explanations and examples. |
| Ayesha: Here’s one for your own practice. “Let's all go and meet him.” How would you say this in Hindi? |
| Brandon: Let us know in a comment at HindiPod101.com. In the meantime, thanks for listening, and we’ll see you next time. Bye! |
| Ayesha: Sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
Comments
Hide