Learn how to use two special auxiliary verbs to show completion of actions
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| Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 16: Telling Someone You’re Not Home in Hindi |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 16: Telling Someone You’re Not Home in Hindi. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use two special auxiliary verbs. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place at a home. |
| Brandon: The speakers are two sisters, Sanjana and Archana. |
| Ayesha: Since Archana is older than Sanjana, she'll be using Casual Hindi, while Sanjana will be using Familiar Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Sanjana: दीदी तुमसे कोई मिलने आया है। |
| Archana: मुझसे मिलने? यह अचानक कौन आया है? नाम बताया? |
| Sanjana: नहीं वो मैं ने पूछा भी नहीं। |
| Archana: अरे मगर मैं ने अभी बालों में तेल लगाया है - मैं बाहर नहीं जा सकती! |
| Sanjana: मैं नाम पूछ के आऊं? तुम्हारे कौलेज का कोई छात्र हो सकता है। |
| Archana: हाँ मगर तु ने क्या बताया कि मैं घर पे हूँ ? |
| Sanjana: हाँ, लेकिन मैं कह देती हूँ कि तुम निकली हो कहीं। |
| Archana: अच्छा, तो तु नाम पता करके आ, और बता दे कि मैं घर में नहीं हूँ। ज़्यादा ज़रूरत हो तो फ़ोन नम्बर भी ले आना, मैं कॉल कर लुंगी। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Sanjana: दीदी तुमसे कोई मिलने आया है। |
| Archana: मुझसे मिलने? यह अचानक कौन आया है? नाम बताया? |
| Sanjana: नहीं वो मैं ने पूछा भी नहीं। |
| Archana: अरे मगर मैं ने अभी बालों में तेल लगाया है - मैं बाहर नहीं जा सकती! |
| Sanjana: मैं नाम पूछ के आऊं? तुम्हारे कौलेज का कोई छात्र हो सकता है। |
| Archana: हाँ मगर तु ने क्या बताया कि मैं घर पे हूँ ? |
| Sanjana: हाँ, लेकिन मैं कह देती हूँ कि तुम निकली हो कहीं। |
| Archana: अच्छा, तो तु नाम पता करके आ, और बता दे कि मैं घर में नहीं हूँ। ज़्यादा ज़रूरत हो तो फ़ोन नम्बर भी ले आना, मैं कॉल कर लुंगी। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Sanjana: दीदी तुमसे कोई मिलने आया है। |
| Brandon: Didi, someone is here to see you. |
| Archana: मुझसे मिलने? यह अचानक कौन आया है? नाम बताया? |
| Brandon: To see me? Who's here out of the blue? Did they give you their name? |
| Sanjana: नहीं वो मैं ने पूछा भी नहीं। |
| Brandon: No, and I didn't ask either. |
| Archana: अरे मगर मैं ने अभी बालों में तेल लगाया है - मैं बाहर नहीं जा सकती! |
| Brandon: But I've just oiled my hair. I can't go outside! |
| Sanjana: मैं नाम पूछ के आऊं? तुम्हारे कौलेज का कोई छात्र हो सकता है। |
| Brandon: Should I go ask for his name? It might be a student in your college. |
| Archana: हाँ मगर तु ने क्या बताया कि मैं घर पे हूँ ? |
| Brandon: Yes, but did you mention that I'm at home? |
| Sanjana: हाँ, लेकिन मैं कह देती हूँ कि तुम निकली हो कहीं। |
| Brandon: Yes, but I can say that you're out. |
| Archana: अच्छा, तो तु नाम पता करके आ, और बता दे कि मैं घर में नहीं हूँ। ज़्यादा ज़रूरत हो तो फ़ोन नम्बर भी ले आना, मैं कॉल कर लुंगी। |
| Brandon: Okay, so go find out his name, and tell him that I'm not at home. If there's any urgency, get his number too so I can call him back. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Brandon, are you familiar with the custom of oiling your hair? The sisters in the conversation mentioned this. |
| Brandon: From what I know, oil is applied to the scalp and hair root to condition the hair and massage the scalp. The belief is that putting oil in the roots makes your hair grow thick, long, and dark, which is considered beautiful. |
| Brandon: That’s right. The oil moisturizes the hair, and prevents it discolouring in the sun. It also cools the scalp down. People usually keep the oil on for a few hours before they wash it off. |
| Brandon: In the past, people would also massage their bodies with oil before they washed themselves, right? |
| Ayesha: That’s right. The oil is supposed to prevent dryness. It’s not just any oil, though. |
| Brandon: Coconut oil is the most popular kind of oil to use. |
| Ayesha: Yes. And children are usually given hair oil massages every week. But these days, it's also possible to get proper oil massages in spas. |
| Brandon: Good to know! Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: अचानक [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: suddenly |
| Ayesha: अचानक [slowly - broken down by syllable] अचानक [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: पूछना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to ask |
| Ayesha: पूछना [slowly - broken down by syllable] पूछना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: मगर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: but |
| Ayesha: मगर [slowly - broken down by syllable] मगर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: तेल [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: oil |
| Ayesha: तेल [slowly - broken down by syllable] तेल [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: छात्र [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: student, scholar |
| Ayesha: छात्र [slowly - broken down by syllable] छात्र [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: कहना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to say |
| Ayesha: कहना [slowly - broken down by syllable] कहना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: निकलना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to get out, to come out, to leave |
| Ayesha: निकलना [slowly - broken down by syllable] निकलना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: पता करना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to find out |
| Ayesha: पता करना [slowly - broken down by syllable] पता करना [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first is acaaNak. |
| Brandon: This functions like the adverb “suddenly” in English, and you can put it anywhere in the sentence. But usually it comes before the clause where something unexpected is described. |
| Ayesha: Right, so for the sentence “it started raining all of a sudden,” in Hindi, the most common phrasing would be acaaNak baaris hoNe Lagii. |
| Brandon: Can you give us an example in a longer sentence? |
| Ayesha: main raSTe Se jaa rahii THii, jab acaaNak ek gaadii paas Se mujh pe kiicad uchal ke caLii gayii. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “I was walking down the road when suddenly a car passed by and threw mud all over me.” |
| Ayesha: The next word is magar, which means “but.” |
| Brandon: And it's a conjunction. |
| Ayesha: Right. magar is almost the same as LekiN. They both mean “but,” however LekiN has more weight to it. So it’s more like saying “however.” magar is a lighter word that’s used a lot in regular speech. |
| Brandon: For example, if someone asks you why you didn’t do something, they already expect you to say “but.” Such as, “I tried but I couldn’t” or “I wanted to but I couldn’t.” |
| Ayesha: In sentences like this, we tend to use magar instead of LekiN. Okay, the next key word is a noun, TeL, which simply means “oil.” |
| Brandon: That’s right. The point to keep in mind is that it refers to the full range of substances that are oily—from cooking oil to petroleum for cars. |
| Ayesha: Yes, you might hear people talking about putting oil in their cars, saying gaadii mein TeL daaLNaa. It's understood in Hindi that this refers to fuel, such as petroleum or gas. |
| Brandon: But this noun is also used for cooking oils and oily skin lotions. |
| Ayesha: Right. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use two special auxiliary verbs. |
| Ayesha: These are LeNaa and DeNaa. |
| Brandon: They’re very important auxiliaries in Hindi, and you may have already noticed them being used frequently with other verbs. Here we’ll learn about their function. |
| Ayesha: You use both LeNaa and DeNaa with transitive verbs, but for opposite characteristics of the actions. LeNaa functions as an auxiliary to show that an action is complete when we perform an action for ourselves. |
| Brandon It normally means “to take,” even as an auxiliary, it applies to subjects doing an action for themselves. |
| Ayesha: DeNaa is the opposite. |
| Brandon: That’s right. Normally it means “to give,” so as an auxiliary, it's used for actions that the subject performs for someone or something else, OR if someone or something performs the action for the subject. Let’s go through some examples to understand this better. |
| Ayesha: In the conversation, Archana says, aur baTaa De ki main ghar mein Nahiin huun. Let’s break this down. She says, baTaa De, which means “tell him.” The verb baTaaNaa means “to tell,” but the action is complete only with the use of the auxiliary. She uses DeNaa to get baTaa De. |
| Brandon: That's because the action is aimed at someone else. |
| Ayesha: Exactly. On the other hand, she also says main kauL kar LuNgii. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “I’ll call him.” |
| Ayesha: Here she used kar LuNgii, where LeNaa is the auxiliary, because she'll do this to find out for herself by calling. |
| Brandon: Let’s take a look at the rules for using these before we run through more examples. |
| Ayesha: Okay. Both LeNaa and DeNaa are irregular verbs, so their conjugations are irregular. Please take a look at the lesson notes for extra detail on this. |
| Brandon: The auxiliary structure is very simple. We conjugate the auxiliary verb according to the tense of the sentence, and keep the original action verb in its verb-root. |
| Ayesha: So if the main action is karNaa and the auxiliary is LeNaa, and the sentence is the simple past tense, it’ll be kar Liyaa. |
| Brandon: How would you use it to say, “I’ve finished my homework?” |
| Ayesha: “Finished” is actually “finishing doing,” which fits the function of the auxiliary perfectly. “Doing” is karNaa and “finished doing” is kar Liyaa. It uses LeNaa because I'm talking about “my homework,” which I'm doing for myself. |
| Brandon: Right, and the tense is “have finished.” |
| Ayesha: So the sentence will end with kar Liyaa hai. The whole sentence is maiNe homwark kar Liyaa hai. |
| Brandon: To use the other auxiliary verb… |
| Ayesha: ...DeNaa… |
| Brandon: ...the sentence structure is exactly the same, but you use it when tasks are performed for others. |
| Ayesha: This is not just when you’ve been assigned or requested to do something by a person. Watering a plant, and feeding the dog are some of the actions that use DeNaa. |
| Brandon: Right. “To water the plant” is... |
| Ayesha: pauDHe ko paaNii DeNaa. So while the task is going on, you might say, main pauDHon ko paaNii De rahii huun. |
Outro |
| Brandon: “I’m watering the plants.” Well, that’s all the time we have for this lesson, but you can find more examples in the Lesson Notes! |
| Ayesha: In the meantime, you can try these sentences on your own. How would you say, “I’ve fixed your shoe?” And “I’ve fixed my shoe?” Leave a comment and let us know your answers! |
| Brandon: We hope you enjoyed the lesson. Thank you for listening, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Ayesha: Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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