Learn how to use verbs with postpositions
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| Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 17: Enjoy a Delicious Meal at an Indian Roadside Eatery |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 17, Enjoy a Delicious Meal at an Indian Roadside Eatery. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use post-positions with verbs. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place on the highway inside a car. |
| Brandon: The speakers are two friends, Ankita and Haya, |
| who are on a drive, |
| Ayesha: Since Ankita and Haya are friends, they'll be using Familiar Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Ankita: हम शहर से कितने दूर हैं? |
| Haya: अभी तो दो ढाई घंटा बाकी है शहर में घुसने में। क्युँ? |
| Ankita: भूख लग रही है, तभी पूछा। |
| Haya: तो किसी ढाबा मे रुककर खा लेते हैं। |
| Ankita: हाँ यह अच्छा होगा। अच्छे खासे परांठें खाएंगे मक्खन मारके। |
| Haya: अरे सुनकर मूह में पानी आ गया! पनीर का परांठा, आलू का परांठा, अचार के साथ! |
| Ankita: बिलकुल बिलकुल! अब बस जल्दी से एक ढाबा मिल जाए! |
| Haya: हाँ रस्ते के पास होंगे ज़रूर, तुम अपनी ओर से देखो, मैं इधर नज़र रखती हूँ। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Ankita: हम शहर से कितने दूर हैं? |
| Haya: अभी तो दो ढाई घंटा बाकी है शहर में घुसने में। क्युँ? |
| Ankita: भूख लग रही है, तभी पूछा। |
| Haya: तो किसी ढाबा मे रुककर खा लेते हैं। |
| Ankita: हाँ यह अच्छा होगा। अच्छे खासे परांठें खाएंगे मक्खन मारके। |
| Haya: अरे सुनकर मूह में पानी आ गया! पनीर का परांठा, आलू का परांठा, अचार के साथ! |
| Ankita: बिलकुल बिलकुल! अब बस जल्दी से एक ढाबा मिल जाए! |
| Haya: हाँ रस्ते के पास होंगे ज़रूर, तुम अपनी ओर से देखो, मैं इधर नज़र रखती हूँ। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Ankita: हम शहर से कितने दूर हैं? |
| Brandon: How far are we from the city? |
| Haya: अभी तो दो ढाई घंटा बाकी है शहर में घुसने में। क्युँ? |
| Brandon: There's still two...two and a half hours left till we enter the city. Why? |
| Ankita: भूख लग रही है, तभी पूछा। |
| Brandon: I'm feeling hungry; that's why I asked. |
| Haya: तो किसी ढाबा मे रुककर खा लेते हैं। |
| Brandon: So let's stop at a roadside restaurant and eat. |
| Ankita: हाँ यह अच्छा होगा। अच्छे खासे परांठें खाएंगे मक्खन मारके। |
| Brandon: Yes, that's a good idea. We can eat lovely buttered paranthas. |
| Haya: अरे सुनकर मूह में पानी आ गया! पनीर का परांठा, आलू का परांठा, अचार के साथ! |
| Brandon: Oh, my mouth is watering just hearing about them! Paranthas stuffed with cottage cheese and potatoes, and with pickles on the side! |
| Ankita: बिलकुल बिलकुल! अब बस जल्दी से एक ढाबा मिल जाए! |
| Brandon: Yes, exactly! Now we just have to find a restaurant quickly! |
| Haya: हाँ रस्ते के पास होंगे ज़रूर, तुम अपनी ओर से देखो, मैं इधर नज़र रखती हूँ। |
| Brandon: Yes, there have to be some on the way. You keep watch on your side, and I'll look out for one on this side of the road. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: In the conversation, we heard a little bit about roadside restaurants. What are these like in India? |
| Ayesha: These restaurants, called Dhabas, are all over the country nowadays. They’re located along the highways, and while most are very basic, they feature the most delicious North Indian food. |
| Brandon: What type of dishes do they serve? |
| Ayesha: Well, the food is usually Punjabi-style. The dishes are mostly baked, grilled, toasted, or deep-fried and stuffed breads; snacks fried in batter; spicy pickles; and spicy and creamy meat and cottage cheese dishes and curries. |
| Brandon: They also serve steaming cups of tea or hot coffee. The food is cheap but delicious. |
| Ayesha: It sure is! Dhabas were originally the places where trucks stopped for a break while they were transporting goods over long distances. Truck drivers would eat a hearty meal at a dhaba before continuing with their journeys. |
| Brandon: Listeners, if you enjoy spicy, creamy north Indian food, stop by one of these places when you go to India! Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: शहर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: town, city, urban dwelling |
| Ayesha: शहर [slowly - broken down by syllable] शहर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: ढाई [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: two and a half |
| Ayesha: ढाई [slowly - broken down by syllable] ढाई [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: घुसना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to enter |
| Ayesha: घुसना [slowly - broken down by syllable] घुसना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: भूख [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: hunger, appetite |
| Ayesha: भूख [slowly - broken down by syllable] भूख [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: ढाबा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: roadside eatery, diner |
| Ayesha: ढाबा [slowly - broken down by syllable] ढाबा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: अच्छा खासा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: well and good |
| Ayesha: अच्छा खासा [slowly - broken down by syllable] अच्छा खासा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: परांठा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: fried bread, a North Indian dish |
| Ayesha: परांठा [slowly - broken down by syllable] परांठा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: मक्खन मारके [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: thickly buttered, with butter spread on |
| Ayesha: मक्खन मारके [slowly - broken down by syllable] मक्खन मारके [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: मूह में पानी आ जाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to drool, mouthwatering |
| Ayesha: मूह में पानी आ जाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] मूह में पानी आ जाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: अचार [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Indian pickle |
| Ayesha: अचार [slowly - broken down by syllable] अचार [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first phrase is acchaa khaaSaa. This is an idiomatic phrase, so it doesn’t mean anything literally, but generally it means “well and good”—similar to a phrase like “hunky dory.” |
| Brandon: Most commonly it’s used to describe how something was going well, but then something ruined it. |
| Ayesha: For example, ham acchaa khaaSaa ghar Se NikLe THe, LekiN biic raaSTe mein gaadii kharaab ho gayii. |
| Brandon: This means, “We left home fine enough, but the car broke down half-way into the trip.” |
| Ayesha: Right. Let’s move on to the next key phrase—makkhaN maarke. |
| Brandon: This is another idiom in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: If you break it down literally, makkhaN is “butter,” and maarNaa is a verb meaning “to hit.” |
| Brandon: Together the phrase means “with butter spread on.” |
| Ayesha: This is a very specific phrase, used mainly for hotly grilled or toasted breads like NaaN, capaaTii, and paraanthaa, which are served hot with dollops of butter on top. |
| Brandon: Okay, let’s look at the next phrase. |
| Ayesha: muh mein paaNii aa jaaNaa. |
| Brandon: This means “mouth watering.” Just like in English, it’s used for talking about foods that are so delicious that just thinking of them, smelling, or seeing them makes you drool, or makes your mouth water. |
| Ayesha: But in Hindi, we don’t use it as an adjective, so you can’t call a dish “mouth watering.” Rather it refers to your reaction to the food. |
| Brandon: That’s right. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the interactions of postpositions and verbs that they modify. There are occasions when postpositions are applied on the verbs and not just used to connect them. They work very similarly to prepositions in English. Let’s take a look at how they’re used. |
| Ayesha: There are six postpositions that fall into this category - par, mein, kaa, Se, ke Lie, and ko. |
| Brandon: What's common with all of them is how the verb is conjugated to fit with these postpositions. |
| Ayesha: The verb is simply changed to the form of the verb-root, plus Ne. So if we take the verb karNaa which is “to do,” we should change it to karNe. |
| Brandon: This applies to all verbs—transitive, intransitive, causative, and irregular verbs. |
| Ayesha: For example, hoNaa changes to hoNe, and jaaNaa changes to jaaNe. |
| Brandon: Exactly. Now let’s take a look at how they work with the postpositions. |
| Ayesha: par, which is also pe in common speech, means “on.” karNe par means “upon doing” or “after doing.” The next postposition is mein... |
| Brandon: ...meaning “in.” It has three nuances in its meaning. The first is when you’re evaluating the action or the result of the action. |
| Ayesha: For example, apNe mehNaT Se jiiTNe mein bahuT zyaaDaa aaNaND hoTaa hai. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “There's a lot of joy in winning after your own hard work.” |
| Ayesha: The second is when you’re talking about how much time remains before something happens. For example, treN aaNe mein abhii aaDHaa ghaNtaa hai. |
| Brandon: “There's another half hour until the train arrives.” |
| Ayesha: That’s right. Literally it translates as, “There’s a half an hour in the train arriving,” which is not how you’d normally say it in English. |
| Brandon: The third use is when you're talking about how long some action takes. |
| Ayesha: For example if you're cooking, you could say, khaaNaa baNaaNe mein biiS miNat LageNge. |
| Brandon: Literally, it means, “Food will take twenty minutes in cooking,” but we should translate it as, “It’ll take twenty minutes to cook the food.” |
| Ayesha: The next postposition is kaa, which means “of.” |
| Brandon: When it’s applied to verbs, it can also be translated as “for.” |
| Ayesha: Here's an example - yyah kuch Nayaa SiikhNe ka acchaa maukaa hai . |
| Brandon: Meaning, “This is a good opportunity for learning something new.” |
| Ayesha: That’s right. Okay, the next postposition is Se. |
| Brandon: It means “from” or “with.” When it’s applied to verbs, it commonly functions as “by.” |
| Ayesha: For example, DuuDH piiNe Se sariir TaNDaruST baNTaa hai, literally translates to “The body becomes healthy from drinking milk.” |
| Brandon: The next postposition means “for.” |
| Ayesha: In Hindi, it’s ke Lie, and you use it with verbs to say “for doing” or “being able to do.” For example, maiNe vazaN ghataaNe ke Lie vyaayaam suruu kiyaa hai. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “I’ve started exercising for losing weight,” or “to lose weight.” |
| Ayesha: Now, the last postposition is ko. |
| Brandon: As you know, this is the object marker. It doesn’t have an equivalent in English. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. It turns the verb into the object. Here’s an example: maNDir mein juuTe pahaNNe ko buraa maaNaa jaaTaa hai. |
| Brandon: This means, “Wearing shoes in the temple is considered wrong.” |
Outro |
| Ayesha: Well, that’s all we have for this lesson. |
| Brandon: Don’t forget to check the lesson notes for more explanations and examples. |
| Ayesha: Here’s one to do on your own for practice: “There’s nothing wrong in asking questions.” How would you say this in Hindi? |
| Brandon: Let us know with a comment at HindiPod101.com. Thanks for listening we’ll see you next time. |
| Ayesha: Till next time! sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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