Learn how to say "upon" and "despite" in Hindi
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 18: Seeing an Indian Doctor. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use "upon" and "despite." |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place in a doctor’s clinic. |
| Brandon: The speakers are a doctor and a patient. |
| Ayesha: The doctor and the patient have a formal relationship and are strangers, so they'll both be using Polite Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
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| Doctor: नमस्ते, बैठिए यहाँ। बताइए क्या हुआ? |
| Patient: नमस्ते डॉक्टर। मेरी सर्दी और बुखार चल रही है पिछले हफ्ते से। और दवाई लेने पर भी उतरी नहीं| |
| Doctor: अच्छा तो अभी आपकी टेम्परेचर की नाप मिली है। अब मैं आपकी सांस को सुनुंगी तो लम्बी सांस लीजिए। कँही बदन में दर्द है? |
| Patient: जी कंधों में बाहों में दर्द तो है। |
| Doctor: और बुखार कितने दिनों से है? |
| Patient: ६ दिनों से। |
| Doctor: आप ने वाइरल के लिए कोई टीका लिया था? |
| Patient: नहीं टीका नहीं लेना चहिए था शायद। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Doctor: नमस्ते, बैठिए यहाँ। बताइए क्या हुआ? |
| Patient: नमस्ते डॉक्टर। मेरी सर्दी और बुखार चल रही है पिछले हफ्ते से। और दवाई लेने पर भी उतरी नहीं| |
| Doctor: अच्छा तो अभी आपकी टेम्परेचर की नाप मिली है। अब मैं आपकी सांस को सुनुंगी तो लम्बी सांस लीजिए। कँही बदन में दर्द है? |
| Patient: जी कंधों में बाहों में दर्द तो है। |
| Doctor: और बुखार कितने दिनों से है? |
| Patient: ६ दिनों से। |
| Doctor: आप ने वाइरल के लिए कोई टीका लिया था? |
| Patient: नहीं टीका नहीं लेना चहिए था शायद। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Doctor: नमस्ते, बैठिए यहाँ। बताइए क्या हुआ? |
| Brandon: Hello, please sit down. Please tell me, what’s the problem? |
| Patient: नमस्ते डॉक्टर। मेरी सर्दी और बुखार चल रही है पिछले हफ्ते से। और दवाई लेने पर भी उतरी नहीं| |
| Brandon: Hello, doctor. I've had a cold and fever since last week. I haven't had any relief, even with medicine. |
| Doctor: अच्छा तो अभी आपकी टेम्परेचर की नाप मिली है। अब मैं आपकी सांस को सुनुंगी तो लम्बी सांस लीजिए। कँही बदन में दर्द है? |
| Brandon: Okay, so I have your numbers and temperature level here. I'm going to listen to your breathing now. Please take deep breaths. Do you have pain anywhere in the body? |
| Patient: जी कंधों में बाहों में दर्द तो है। |
| Brandon: Yes, I have pain in my shoulders and arms. |
| Doctor: और बुखार कितने दिनों से है? |
| Brandon: And how many days have you had a fever? |
| Patient: ६ दिनों से। |
| Brandon: For six days. |
| Doctor: आप ने वाइरल के लिए कोई टीका लिया था? |
| Brandon: Did you have any vaccinations for viral infections? |
| Patient: नहीं टीका नहीं लेना चहिए था शायद। |
| Brandon: Yes I did, I suppose now I shouldn’t have. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Poor girl! Sounds like he feels awful. What are some common Indian medicines and remedies? |
| Ayesha: Different countries have different home remedies, and there are many remedies in India. Spices are used a lot for preventing or curing health issues. |
| Brandon: Yes, and people tend to have these at home. Things like ginger are used a lot in cooking already. Honey and ginger with lemon juice is a remedy for a cough and cold, especially for the throat. |
| Ayesha: Yes, and in the winter, ginger is added to hot chai for the same reason, and honey warms the body. |
| Brandon: Turmeric is another useful spice. It acts as an easy antiseptic to put on cuts, but it also has many other medicinal properties. It has antibacterial properties, and when you mix it into a cup of warm milk, it’s a good remedy for colds, too. |
| Ayesha: Another one is Tulsi (TuLSii). The Tulsi plant is part of the basil family, and Hindus consider it to be holy. It boosts immunity, so people eat it for longevity, and you’ll find it in a lot of traditional medicines. |
| Brandon: Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: सर्दी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: cold |
| Ayesha: सर्दी [slowly - broken down by syllable] सर्दी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: नाप [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: measurement |
| Ayesha: नाप [slowly - broken down by syllable] नाप [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: सांस [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: breath, breathing |
| Ayesha: सांस [slowly - broken down by syllable] सांस [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: लम्बा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: long |
| Ayesha: लम्बा [slowly - broken down by syllable] लम्बा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: बदन [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: body |
| Ayesha: बदन [slowly - broken down by syllable] बदन [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: टीका [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: vaccine |
| Ayesha: टीका [slowly - broken down by syllable] टीका [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: कंधा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: shoulder |
| Ayesha: कंधा [slowly - broken down by syllable] कंधा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: बाँह [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: arm |
| Ayesha: बाँह [slowly - broken down by syllable] बाँह [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is SarDii. |
| Brandon: This is a noun with two meanings. The first meaning is “winter.” |
| Ayesha: And, the second meaning is “cold,” as in “a cough and cold.” This meaning is used with the verb hoNaa, meaning “to be.” So, SarDii hoNaa means “to have a cold.” |
| Brandon: This is an intransitive phrase, so we use the object marker... |
| Ayesha: ...ko. For example, SaNaa ko SarDii huii hai, means... |
| Brandon: ...“Sana has a cold.” |
| Ayesha: The next word is Naap. This is a noun that means “measurement.” You often use it with the verb LeNaa, which means “to take.” Naap LeNaa means “to take measurement.” |
| Brandon: You can use this for any kind of measurement, but typically it’s used with measuring sizes for clothes. |
| Ayesha: If you go to a tailor to get clothing made, for example, you'll hear him say, aapkaa Naap LeNaa hai, which means, “I need to take your measurements.” |
| Brandon: What's the next word? |
| Ayesha: The next is tiikaa, which is a noun. It has a couple of different meanings. |
| Brandon: The first, which we saw in the conversation, is “vaccine.” |
| Ayesha: The other meaning is “a mark,” but only marks that are made on surfaces, and not natural marks and textures. |
| Brandon: Right, and this leads to the last meaning, which is a special mark made on people’s foreheads with paste. |
| Ayesha: This is very specific to India. A tiikaa is usually drawn on the foreheads of attendees at religious rituals in Hindu temples and festivals. |
| Brandon: It's usually a dot made with a sandalwood paste on the forehead between the eyebrows. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to conjugate verbs to make statements with “upon” and “despite.” In the previous lesson, we learned about how verbs interact with particles. Verbs are conjugated to be used with postpositions. Here we'll learn about one of those postpositions. |
| Ayesha: And that’s “par.” The basic structure for the verb conjugation is the verb-root, plus Ne par. par as a particle means “on.” With the verb karNaa, this verb phrase will be karNe par. |
| Brandon: This means “upon doing.” |
| Ayesha: Here’s another example. DekhNaa means “to see,” and DekhNe par means “upon seeing.” |
| Brandon: You use this on occasions where the second action happens due to the first. For example, “I heard the noise and went to the door.” |
| Ayesha: In this sentence, the second action—going to the door—is only possible due to the first action—hearing the noise. |
| Brandon: In Hindi, if this is the connection between the verbs, it's not enough to use the conjunction “and.” Instead, there are two ways of saying this. |
| Ayesha: The first is मैं आवाज़ सुनकर दरवाज़े कि तरफ गया। (maiN avaaz SuNkar Darvaaze ki Taraf gayaa.) |
| Brandon: This means “I went to the door upon hearing the noise.” |
| Ayesha: The second way is आवाज़ सुनने पर मैं दरवाज़े कि तरफ गया। (aavaz SuNNe par main Darvaaze ki Taraf gayaa.) |
| Brandon: This means “Upon hearing the noise, I went to the door.” The meaning in both sentences is basically the same, but where you put the emphasis is different. |
| Ayesha: When you want to emphasise the first action leading to the second one, it’s more common to use the verb, followed by Ne par. |
| Brandon: The form for “despite” is constructed from this as well, just by adding one word. |
| Ayesha: Yes, you add bhii, which means “also.” Adding bhii changes this phrase into “despite.” For example, karNe par means “upon doing” and karNe par bhii means “even upon doing” or “despite doing.” |
| Brandon: Let’s use this in a sentence. How would you say, “Even though the alarm kept beeping, I didn’t wake up?” |
| Ayesha: Well, “the alarm beeping” is aLaarm bajNaa. Here we can use the word LagaaTaar, which means “continuously,” to show that it kept beeping. So the sentence is, aLaarm ke LagaaTaar bajNe par bhii, main Nahiin jaagaa/jaagii. |
| Brandon: We also heard an example earlier in the conversation. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. The patient said, aur Davaaii LeNe par bhii Nahiin uTaraa. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “It didn’t go down despite taking medicine.” The patient was talking about his fever, and what he meant overall was, “I haven’t had any relief even after using medicine.” |
| Ayesha: The one point to keep in mind is that these forms only work for verbs. With nouns and other words, you cannot use par and par bhii for “upon” and “despite.” |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. We hope you enjoyed it. Please be sure to check out the lesson notes for more examples and explanations! |
| Ayesha: Here are example sentences for your practice. How would you say this in Hindi? “I fell asleep after drinking the medicine.” And, “I fell asleep despite drinking coffee.” |
| Brandon: Let us know with a comment at HindiPod101.com! Thank you for listening, everyone. Bye! |
| Ayesha: sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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