Learn how to turn nouns into adjectives in Hindi
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| Upper Beginner, Season 1 , Lesson 19: Following a Hindi Recipe |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 19: Following a Hindi Recipe. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to change nouns into adjectives. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place in a home. |
| Brandon: The speakers are a girl and her mother. |
| Ayesha: The speakers are family members, so they can speak casually, but because of the respect given to age difference, they'll both be using Familiar Hindi. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Girl: माँ मुझे दाल बनाना सिखाओगे? |
| Mother: अच्छा, तो अभी हाथ धोकर आ जाओ। |
| Girl: बताओ क्या करना है। |
| Mother: एक गिलास भर के पीली दाल उस रंगीले डब्बे से निकालो और कुकर में डालों। अब इसको पानी से अच्छे से हाथ से हिलाकर धो लो। |
| Girl: एक गिलास में काफ़ी है? धो लिया, अब? |
| Mother: हाँ यह बढ़ जाएगा। अब पानी को गिरा दो। सावधानी से ताकि दाल न गिरे। |
| Girl: फिर दोबारा पानी भरना है इस में? |
| Mother: हाँ अब जितना था उसका दो गुना पानी डालकर, आग पे बिठाओ। थोड़ा नमक, थोड़ी हल्दी डालकर ढक्कन बंद करो और सींटी का इन्तज़ार करो। |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Girl: माँ मुझे दाल बनाना सिखाओगे? |
| Mother: अच्छा, तो अभी हाथ धोकर आ जाओ। |
| Girl: बताओ क्या करना है। |
| Mother: एक गिलास भर के पीली दाल उस रंगीले डब्बे से निकालो और कुकर में डालों। अब इसको पानी से अच्छे से हाथ से हिलाकर धो लो। |
| Girl: एक गिलास में काफ़ी है? धो लिया, अब? |
| Mother: हाँ यह बढ़ जाएगा। अब पानी को गिरा दो। सावधानी से ताकि दाल न गिरे। |
| Girl: फिर दोबारा पानी भरना है इस में? |
| Mother: हाँ अब जितना था उसका दो गुना पानी डालकर, आग पे बिठाओ। थोड़ा नमक, थोड़ी हल्दी डालकर ढक्कन बंद करो और सींटी का इन्तज़ार करो। |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: माँ मुझे दाल बनाना सिखाओगे? |
| Brandon: Mother, will you please teach me how to make daal? |
| B: अच्छा, तो अभी हाथ धोकर आ जाओ। |
| Brandon: Okay, then go wash your hands and come. |
| A: बताओ क्या करना है। |
| Brandon: What do I do now? |
| B: एक गिलास भर के पीली दाल उस रंगीले डब्बे से निकालो और कुकर में डालों। अब इसको पानी से अच्छे से हाथ से हिलाकर धो लो। |
| Brandon: Take out a cup full of the yellow lentils from that multicolored carton and put it into the pressure cooker. Now wash this well, using your hands to soak and mix the lentils. |
| A: एक गिलास में काफ़ी है? धो लिया, अब? |
| Brandon: Will one full cup be enough? I washed it, now? |
| B: हाँ यह बढ़ जाएगा। अब पानी को गिरा दो। सावधानी से ताकि दाल न गिरे। |
| Brandon: Yes, this will rise. Now pour out the water. Be careful that the beans don't fall out. |
| A: फिर दोबारा पानी भरना है इस में? |
| Brandon: Then I fill it with water again? |
| B: हाँ अब जितना था उसका दो गुना पानी डालकर, आग पे बिठाओ। थोड़ा नमक, थोड़ी हल्दी डालकर ढक्कन बंद करो और सींटी का इन्तज़ार करो। |
| Brandon: Yes, now fill it with twice as much water as before, and put the cooker on the stove. Add some salt and some turmeric, close it with the lid and then wait for the whistle. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Let’s talk about Indian food for a bit. In the conversation we heard them talking about DaaL. This is actually a very important dish in Indian cuisine. |
| Ayesha: Yes, DaaL isn’t a single dish, but a category of dishes that can be made differently, with different ingredients. The common element is that daal is made from lentils or beans. |
| Brandon: That’s right. Across India, you’ll find very different cuisines, but most of them have some kind of daal. It enhances the main staple food—whether it’s rice, or some kind of bread. |
| Ayesha: daal is usually high in protein and carbohydrates, but very low in fat, except when it's cooked in oil and made more heavy and fancy. When it’s made for eating with breads, like NaaN and rotii, it can be more creamy, spicy, and lush because the breads are so dry and plain. |
| Brandon: Make sure you try it out, listeners! Okay, let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: गिलास [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: glass |
| Ayesha: गिलास [slowly - broken down by syllable] गिलास [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: हिलाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to shake, to stir |
| Ayesha: हिलाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] हिलाना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: बढ़ना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to grow, to advance |
| Ayesha: बढ़ना [slowly - broken down by syllable] बढ़ना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: ताकी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: so that |
| Ayesha: ताकी [slowly - broken down by syllable] ताकी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: गुना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: times |
| Ayesha: गुना [slowly - broken down by syllable] गुना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: हल्दी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: turmeric |
| Ayesha: हल्दी [slowly - broken down by syllable] हल्दी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: ढक्कन [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: lid, cover |
| Ayesha: ढक्कन [slowly - broken down by syllable] ढक्कन [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: सींटी [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: whistle |
| Ayesha: सींटी [slowly - broken down by syllable] सींटी [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is hiLaaNaa. This is a verb in Hindi. |
| Brandon: It means “to shake something.” It’s a transitive verb, so it doesn’t apply to the object itself. |
| Ayesha: The intransitive verb is hiLNaa. |
| Brandon: This also means “to shake,” but it applies only to the object. |
| Ayesha: For example if you want to say, “it’s shaking,” you can say, vah hiL rahaa hai. However, if you want to say, “He’s shaking it,” then it should be vah uSe HiLaa rahaa hai. |
| Brandon: Okay. What's the next word? |
| Ayesha: The second word is barhNaa, a verb meaning “to grow” and also “to proceed.” |
| Brandon: This is an intransitive verb, which means that it modifies the object and there’s no separate subject. |
| Ayesha: Right. So if you say vah barh gayaa… |
| Brandon: It means, “It grew.” |
| Ayesha: A common usage is with the word aage, meaning "ahead." aage barhNaa means “to move forward.” |
| Brandon: Okay, let’s move on to the next word. |
| Ayesha: It's guNaa, which means “times.” It's related to an amount, such as “four times this amount.” |
| Brandon: You only use this word with numbers to make phrases like “three times as much” or “three times more.” |
| Ayesha: Yes, if you say, TiiN guNaa zyaaDaa, it means “three times more.” So, you’re asking for three-fold of the original amount added to the original amount—or four times as much as the original amount. |
| Brandon: That’s right. So you have to be careful about how much you mean. |
| Ayesha: That’s the difference between when you’re describing how much more should be added, rather than what the total amount should be. |
| Brandon: Yes. Let’s take an example. If you have one cup of milk and you need a total of six cups, you have two ways of describing this. |
| Ayesha: One is if you ask for five cups to be added. You can say, iSSe paaNc guNaa zyaaDaa Lagegaa. |
| Brandon: “I need five times more of this amount.” |
| Ayesha: And the other option is to say, iSkaa chai guNaa Lagegaa. |
| Brandon: “I’ll need six times this amount.” Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to construct adjectives from nouns. There are patterns for doing this, but unfortunately most of them just have to be learned. We’ll go through the major groups of nouns and how they change into adjectives. The patterns are based on the similar forms that the adjective takes. |
| Ayesha: The first one is where -ik is added to the end of the noun. For example, vaaSTav, DHarm, and SaNSkriTi are nouns that mean “reality,” “duty or faith” and “culture” respectively. These all change into adjectives with ik added. |
| Brandon: So what do they become? |
| Ayesha: vaaSTavik, meaning “realistic and actual;” DHaarmik, meaning “spiritual” or “virtuous;” and SaaNSkriTik, meaning “cultural.” |
| Brandon: This pattern is also used with nouns related to units of time, which are converted to adjectives. For example, to change “day” to “daily...” |
| Ayesha: ...we add “ik” to the Hindi noun. So DiN, which is “day,” becomes DaiNik, or “daily.” Similarly, SapTaah is “week” and SaapTaahik is “weekly;” maaS is “month” and maaSik is “monthly.” |
| Brandon: The next pattern is one that is more consistent. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. Nouns ending in -aaN are changed into adjectives by adding ii at the end. For example, aNjaaN means “unknown” or “a stranger.” aaSmaaN means “sky.” They change to aNjaaNii, meaning “unaware” or “oblivious,” and aaSmaaNii, meaning “sky-colored” or “being like the sky.” |
| Brandon: This is also the most common form for proper nouns, for example, for any region or country. Ayesha, can you give us some more examples? Say, Japan, the US, and Russia? |
| Ayesha: Sure, jaapaaN is “Japan;” amriikaa is “the United States;” and ruuS is “Russia.” The adjectives are jaapaaNii, “Japanese;” amriikii, “American;” and ruuSii, “Russian.” |
| Brandon: Now let’s go to the next pattern. |
| Ayesha: Okay, this pattern adds iT to the noun to make an adjective. Here are some examples. aNk means “numbers” and kuSum means “flower bud.” So, the adjectives aNkiT and kuSumiT mean “numerical” and “flowering or blooming,” respectively. |
| Brandon: Great! What’s the next one? |
| Ayesha: The next one is adding iiLaa to the noun. For example, raNg means “color,” and this changes to raNgiiLaa, which means “of colorful character” or “multicolored.” |
| Brandon: Let's go through one more pattern. |
| Ayesha: This adds iiN to nouns to make adjectives. So Namak means “salt,” and the adjective is NamakiiN, which means “salty or savory,” or “interesting and flavorful.” |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well, that’s all we have for this lesson. We hope you enjoyed it! |
| Ayesha: Don’t forget to check the lesson notes for more explanations and examples and lists of adjectives. |
| Brandon: Thanks for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Ayesha: sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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