Learn how to use three irregular verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Ryan: And I’m Ryan. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 21: Making a Complaint in Hindi. In this lesson, you’ll learn more about irregular verbs in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place over the phone. |
| Ryan: The speakers are a receptionist at a flower company, and a customer. |
| Ayesha: Since the speakers have a server-client relationship, they'll both be using Polite Hindi. |
| Ryan: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Customer: नमस्ते, मैं राधिका गोयल बोल रही हूँ| |
| Receptionist: जी नमस्ते| |
| Customer: हमने आपके यहाँ से डेढ़ किलो फूल मंगवाए थे| वह तो पहूंचे नही अब तक| |
| Receptionist: अच्छा? आप ज़रा आर्डर की जानकारी दीजिए, मैं अभी देखके बताती हूँ| |
| Customer: डेढ़ किलो गेंदे के फूल, मंगलवार को मंगवाए थे जो कि कल पहुंचने चाहिए थे| |
| Receptionist: जी, और आर्डर आपके नाम से हुआ था? |
| Customer: हांजी, वो फूल लेकर हमें आज शादी वाले घर जाना है, सजाने के लिए| |
| Receptionist: अच्छा| देरी के लिए माफ़ी चाहते हैं| मैं अभी आपके फूल जल्द से जल्द भिजवाती हूँ, और पता करती हूँ की पहुंचा क्यूँ नहीं| |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Customer: नमस्ते, मैं राधिका गोयल बोल रही हूँ| |
| Receptionist: जी नमस्ते| |
| Customer: हमने आपके यहाँ से डेढ़ किलो फूल मंगवाए थे| वह तो पहूंचे नही अब तक| |
| Receptionist: अच्छा? आप ज़रा आर्डर की जानकारी दीजिए, मैं अभी देखके बताती हूँ| |
| Customer: डेढ़ किलो गेंदे के फूल, मंगलवार को मंगवाए थे जो कि कल पहुंचने चाहिए थे| |
| Receptionist: जी, और आर्डर आपके नाम से हुआ था? |
| Customer: हांजी, वो फूल लेकर हमें आज शादी वाले घर जाना है, सजाने के लिए| |
| Receptionist: अच्छा| देरी के लिए माफ़ी चाहते हैं| मैं अभी आपके फूल जल्द से जल्द भिजवाती हूँ, और पता करती हूँ की पहुंचा क्यूँ नहीं| |
| Ryan: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: नमस्ते, मैं राधिका गोयल बोल रही हूँ| |
| Ryan: Hello, this is Radhika Goyal speaking. |
| B: जी नमस्ते| |
| Ryan: Hello. |
| A: हमने आपके यहाँ से डेढ़ किलो फूल मंगवाए थे| वह तो पहूंचे नही अब तक| |
| Ryan: We had ordered one and a half kilograms of flowers from you. The order hasn't arrived yet. |
| B: अच्छा? आप ज़रा आर्डर की जानकारी दीजिए, मैं अभी देखके बताती हूँ| |
| Ryan: Really? Can you please give me the details of the order? I'll find out right away. |
| A: डेढ़ किलो गेंदे के फूल, मंगलवार को मंगवाए थे जो कि कल पहुंचने चाहिए थे| |
| Ryan: One and a half kilograms of marigolds. The order was placed on Tuesday, and should have reached us yesterday. |
| B: जी, और आर्डर आपके नाम से हुआ था? |
| Ryan: Yes, and the order was in your name? |
| A: हांजी, वो फूल लेकर हमें आज शादी वाले घर जाना है, सजाने के लिए| |
| Ryan: Yes. We're supposed to take the flowers to a wedding today for decorating. |
| B: अच्छा| देरी के लिए माफ़ी चाहते हैं| मैं अभी आपके फूल जल्द से जल्द भिजवाती हूँ, और पता करती हूँ की पहुंचा क्यूँ नहीं| |
| Ryan: Okay. I apologize for our delay. I'll have the flowers delivered to you right away, and I'll find out why they haven't arrived yet. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Selling flowers is a very lucrative business in India! |
| Ryan: It is! Flowers are normally used at weddings and parties. In India, they’re also used in temples and religious prayers in homes in massive quantities every day. |
| Ayesha: And actually, the flower most used in Hindu rituals is the marigold. This flower has become associated with India, in fact. |
| Ryan: The national flower is the lotus, which is considered beautiful and revered for its beauty, but actually marigolds are the most commonly used. |
| Ayesha: We have a custom of honoring people and the gods in Hinduism with flower garlands that are usually made of marigolds. |
| Ryan: Marigolds are probably the cheapest flowers, too. In street markets, they’re sold in massive quantities in the early mornings when they’re brought in fresh. |
| Ayesha: And there are many people employed in the business of selling flowers and stringing garlands. |
| Ryan: Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: डेढ़ [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: one and a half |
| Ayesha: डेढ़ [slowly - broken down by syllable] डेढ़ [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: फूल [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: flower, blossom |
| Ayesha: फूल [slowly - broken down by syllable] फूल [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: मंगाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to order, to get delivered |
| Ayesha: मंगाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] मंगाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: जानकारी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: information |
| Ayesha: जानकारी [slowly - broken down by syllable] जानकारी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: गेंदा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: marigold |
| Ayesha: गेंदा [slowly - broken down by syllable] गेंदा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: शादी वाला घर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: a home where a wedding is taking place |
| Ayesha: शादी वाला घर [slowly - broken down by syllable] शादी वाला घर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: सजाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to decorate |
| Ayesha: सजाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] सजाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: माफ़ी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: apology |
| Ayesha: माफ़ी [slowly - broken down by syllable] माफ़ी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: जल्द से जल्द [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: as fast as possible |
| Ayesha: जल्द से जल्द [slowly - broken down by syllable] जल्द से जल्द [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: भिजवाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to have sent |
| Ayesha: भिजवाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] भिजवाना [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ryan: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: First is the phrase jaLD Se jaLD. jaLDii means “quickly” and jaLD— which is not frequently used on its own—means “early” or “soon.” |
| Ryan: So if you piece it together, the phrase literally means “earlier than early.” In other words, “as soon as possible,” or “as quickly as possible.” |
| Ayesha: Yes, and jaLD Se jaLD describes the time leading up to an event and the speed of a process. |
| Ryan: The next word is a verb... |
| Ayesha: bhijvaaNaa. You might recognize the transitive verb this is related to—bhejNaa, meaning “to send.” bhijvaaNaa is the causative verb derived from this. |
| Ryan: With a causative verb, the main object—the actor—causes the action to happen, without doing it himself or herself. It’s like getting something done, rather than doing. In this case, it means “to get something sent” or “to have something sent.” |
| Ayesha: Right. So maiNe bhejaa means “I sent it,” whereas maiNe bhijvaayaa means “I had it sent.” Okay, the next word is maNgaaNaa. This is also a verb, and it means “to order something.” |
| Ryan: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ryan: In this lesson, you’ll learn more about irregular verbs in Hindi. Irregular verbs don’t follow regular rules of conjugation, but they're the most frequently used verbs in the Hindi language. |
| Ayesha: There are six irregular verbs in Hindi, and here we'll look at three of them: LeNaa, DeNaa, and piiNaa. LeNaa and DeNaa mean “to take” and “to give.” LeNaa, or “to take,” is commonly used as an auxiliary for transitive verbs. |
| Ryan: This verb doesn’t have a root that stays the same in the different tenses. It changes irregularly in the past and future tenses. |
| Ayesha: The present tenses have the root Le, so in the simple present tense it's LeTaa, LeTii for the singular male and female, and LeTe in the plural or singular Polite level. |
| Ryan: This is a transitive verb, so the conjugation of the present tense reflects the gender and number of the direct objects in its conjugation, and the past tense conjugation reflects the gender and number of the subjects. |
| Ayesha: For example, पूजा पुस्तकालय से किताब लेती है। (puujaa puSTakaaLay Se kiTaab LeTii hai) means “Puja borrows books from the library.” In this sentence, the conjugation LeTii reflects the main object, in this case Puja, who’s a girl. So you can see that the root stays Le in the present tenses. |
| Ryan: But, in the past tense, this changes completely. |
| Ayesha: The singular past tense is Liyaa and Lii for male and female objects, and Lie for plural objects. The verb participle is also Liyaa. |
| Ryan: In the past tense, the verb is conjugated according to the subject, so the verb doesn’t reflect the agent or actor, but the subject of the action. |
| Ayesha: The future tense is different. The verb root changes, but the verb is also conjugated to match the main object—the actor or agent in the sentence. |
| Ryan: For this reason, the conjugations are different in the first, second, and third person voices. |
| Ayesha: In the first person, the verb is LuNgaa and LuNgii in the singular masculine and feminine forms. The plural and polite form is LeNge. The second person casual form is Legaa and Legii in the singular masculine and feminine. But the familiar forms are Loge and Logii. The plural form is the same in all; it's LeNge. In the third person voice, the singular forms are Legaa and Legii, and the plural is LeNge. |
| Ryan: Okay Listeners, make sure you check your lesson notes to get more examples. |
| Ayesha: The other form is the Imperative, which is the command form. The casual command is Le. The familiar form is Lo, and the polite is Liijie. |
| Ryan: The next verb… |
| Ayesha: ...DeNaa… |
| Ryan: ...is also one of the most used verbs. It's a transitive verb and it means “to give.” |
| Ayesha: It's similar in form to LeNaa. In the present tense, it's simply DeTaa, DeTii, and DeTe for the singular male, female, and plural. |
| Ryan: This verb also changes in the past tense, and doesn’t have a consistent verb-root. |
| Ayesha: In the singular masculine form, it's Diyaa; in the feminine Dii; and in the plural Die. |
| Ryan: With transitive verbs in their past tense, the verb conjugation matches the subject again. |
| Ayesha: In the future tense the verb changes again. In the first person voice it changes to DuNgaa and DuNgii in the singular, and DeNge in the plural. |
| Ryan: The plural stays the same for first, second, and third person voices. |
| Ayesha: At the Casual level, it’s De; at the Familiar, it’s Do; and at the Polite level it is Diijie. Moving on, the third verb is piiNaa. |
| Ryan: This verb is also transitive and is a little simpler. |
| Ayesha: piiNaa means “to drink,” and in the present tense it’s conjugated as piiTaa, piiTii, and piiTe, in the singular masculine, feminine, and plural tenses. |
| Ryan: In this case, the verb changes in the past tense, but not as much as the other ones. |
| Ayesha: Yes, it changes from piiNaa to piyaa and pie in the past tense. The change is from a longer ii to a shorter i. piyaa is the singular masculine; pii is the singular feminine; and pie is the plural. |
| Ryan: The imperative form for this verb is also irregular. |
| Ayesha: In the casual form it’s pii; in the familiar it’s pio; and in the polite level, it is piijie. |
Outro |
| Ryan: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. Thank you for listening, and we’ll see you next time. Bye! |
| Ayesha: sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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