Learn how to construct the tense that says "may something happen"
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Ryan: And I’m Ryan. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 22: Grandma’s Hindi Blessings Will Help You Score Well on your Test! In this lesson, you’ll learn how to express wishes in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place in a home. |
| Ryan: The speakers are a girl and her grandmother. |
| Ayesha: The speakers are family members, and have a close but respectful relationship. |
| Ryan: Since the girl is much younger, she’ll be using Polite Hindi, and the grandmother will be speaking in Familiar Hindi. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Granddaughter : दादी मैं निकल रही हूँ। |
| Grandmother: अच्छा। नाश्ता कर लिया न? |
| Granddaughter: हाँ। लेकिन ज़्यादा भूख नहीं थी। |
| Grandmother: क्यों बेटा? |
| Granddaughter: आज मेरी परीक्षा है। आपके पैर छू के निकलूंगी, तो ही ठीक से कर पाऊंगी। |
| Grandmother: मेरा आशीर्वाद हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ है। |
| Granddaughter: अच्छा दादी। आती हूँ फिर। |
| Grandmother: तुम्हारी परीक्षा अच्छे से जाए, तुम्हें पढ़ाई में बहुत सफलता मिले, और तुम कामयाब बनो। |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Granddaughter : दादी मैं निकल रही हूँ। |
| Grandmother: अच्छा। नाश्ता कर लिया न? |
| Granddaughter: हाँ। लेकिन ज़्यादा भूख नहीं थी। |
| Grandmother: क्यों बेटा? |
| Granddaughter: आज मेरी परीक्षा है। आपके पैर छू के निकलूंगी, तो ही ठीक से कर पाऊंगी। |
| Grandmother: मेरा आशीर्वाद हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ है। |
| Granddaughter: अच्छा दादी। आती हूँ फिर। |
| Grandmother: तुम्हारी परीक्षा अच्छे से जाए, तुम्हें पढ़ाई में बहुत सफलता मिले, और तुम कामयाब बनो। |
| Ryan: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: दादी मैं निकल रही हूँ। |
| Ryan: Grandma, I'm heading out. |
| B: अच्छा। नाश्ता कर लिया न? |
| Ryan: Okay. Did you eat? |
| A: हाँ। लेकिन ज़्यादा भूख नहीं थी। |
| Ryan: Yes, but I wasn't very hungry. |
| B: क्यों बेटा? |
| Ryan: Why, child? |
| A: आज मेरी परीक्षा है। आपके पैर छू के निकलूंगी, तो ही ठीक से कर पाऊंगी। |
| Ryan: I have an exam today. I have to touch your feet before I leave, or else I won't be able to do well. |
| B: मेरा आशीर्वाद हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ है। |
| Ryan: My blessings are always with you. |
| A: अच्छा दादी। आती हूँ फिर। |
| Ryan: Yes, Grandma. I'll get going then. |
| B: तुम्हारी परीक्षा अच्छे से जाए, तुम्हें पढ़ाई में बहुत सफलता मिले, और तुम कामयाब बनो। |
| Ryan: May your exam go well; may you get success in your education, and become very successful. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: This conversation is a snapshot of grandparent-grandchild relationships in India. |
| Ryan: Yes, it may not be very different from anywhere else, but what’s special in India is that children usually grow up around their grandparents. |
| Ayesha: That’s right. Even though society is changing and people are moving further and further away from their parents, a classic Indian family is still an extended family where adult couples live with their aging parents. |
| Ryan: Which means the older generation plays a huge part in bringing up the kids. This can be really useful for parents in modern times, if both of them work all day. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: दादी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: grandmother |
| Ayesha: दादी [slowly - broken down by syllable] दादी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: नाश्ता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: breakfast |
| Ayesha: नाश्ता [slowly - broken down by syllable] नाश्ता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: भूख [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: hunger, appetite |
| Ayesha: भूख [slowly - broken down by syllable] भूख [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: छूना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to touch |
| Ayesha: छूना [slowly - broken down by syllable] छूना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: आशीर्वाद [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: blessing |
| Ayesha: आशीर्वाद [slowly - broken down by syllable] आशीर्वाद [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: पढ़ाई [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: study, schooling |
| Ayesha: पढ़ाई [slowly - broken down by syllable] पढ़ाई [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: सफलता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: success, achievement |
| Ayesha: सफलता [slowly - broken down by syllable] सफलता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: कामयाब [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: successful |
| Ayesha: कामयाब [slowly - broken down by syllable] कामयाब [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ryan: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is aasiirvaaD, a noun meaning “blessing.” |
| Ryan: This word is important in India because it's common to give and receive blessings. In Hindu society, when you meet an elderly person or someone older that you respect, you touch their feet as a mark of respect, and in turn they give you a blessing. |
| Ayesha: This act of blessing is an aasiirvaaD. You’ll see that the statues of Hindu gods are almost always shown to have the palm of their right hand open and facing outward. This is the physical act of giving a blessing. |
| Ryan: Yes, the way to give a blessing is with an open palm facing outward, or by placing the palm lightly on the top of someone’s head, to bless them. |
| Ryan: The next word is also a noun. |
| Ayesha: It’s SafaLTaa, meaning “success” and “accomplishment.” This is used with the verbs paaNaa, “to get,” and MiLNaa, “to receive.” |
| Ryan: The verbs are synonyms with only a slight difference. |
| Ayesha: SafaLTaa paaNaa means “to succeed,” while SafaLTaa miLNaa means “to receive success.” |
| Ryan: The first is used more when talking about how to get success, and the possibility of getting success, before the fact. |
| Ayesha: And SafaLTaa miLNaa is used after the fact when talking about receiving it, as though it’s beyond your control. |
| Ryan: The next word is similar. |
| Ayesha: It's the noun “kaamayaab,” which means “successful.” The noun derived from this word is kaamyaabii, a synonym of SafaLTaa. kaamayaab is most commonly used with the verb hoNaa. So, kaamayaab hoNaa means… |
| Ryan: …“to be successful” and sometimes also “to become successful.” |
| Ayesha: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ryan: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use a tense in Hindi verbs that gives the meaning “may something happen.” That is, to make a wish or a blessing. |
| Ayesha: This type of sentence is natural to Hindi speakers. A single verb tense and sentence structure creates this meaning. |
| Ryan: The tense is basically the same as the imperative, but it’s not used for making commands or giving directions. |
| Ayesha: This becomes obvious in the tone and substance of what is said. |
| Ryan: Let’s go through the way the verb is conjugated in the different voices. |
| Ayesha: We can take the example of the verb karaNaa, “to do.” The first person singular is karuun. We add uun to the verb root, and we get main karuun. The second person singular is karo like the imperative form. It will be Tum karo or aap karo. The third person is kare, as in vah kare. |
| Ryan: The plural forms are the same for first, second, and third persons. |
| Ayesha: It’s karen. We add en to the verb root. |
| Ryan: This is the same for all verbs. Let’s look at how this is used. |
| Ayesha: For example, in the conversation, the grandmother says, Tumhaarii pariiksaa acche Se jaaye, Tumhen padhaaii men bahuT SaphaLaTaa miLe, aur Tum kaamayaab baNo. |
| Ryan: This has three separate clauses in this form. |
| Ayesha: Tumhaarii pariiksaa acche Se jaae. |
| Ryan: Meaning, “May your exam go well.” |
| Ayesha: Tumhe padaai mein bahuT SafaLTaa miLe. |
| Ryan: Meaning, “May you get success in your education.” |
| Ayesha: And, Tum kaamayaab baNon. |
| Ryan: Meaning, “May you become successful.” |
| Ayesha: The last clause Tum kaamayaab baNon can be interpreted as “become successful” in the imperative, but it’s clear that it’s not an order. |
| Ryan: This is something we interpret in the case of verbs used directly, with tone and content. |
| Ayesha: In this tense, the transitive or intransitive character doesn't matter. What matters is if the verb use is direct or indirect. |
| Ryan: The relation of the verb conjugation is always to the direct object or subject. For example, if you want to say “I hope I go,” the verb is intransitive, so the main object is “I.” |
| Ayesha: This modifies the object, so you say kaas main jaauun. |
Outro |
| Ryan: Well, that’s all we have for this lesson. Thank you for listening! |
| Ayesha: Till next time! sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
Comments
Hide