Learn how to create meaning through repetition
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Ryan: And I’m Ryan. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 24: Are You an Indian Housekeeper or a Superhero? In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use repetition in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place in a house. |
| Ryan: The speakers are Mala, who lives in the house, and Radha, the housekeeper. |
| Ayesha: The speakers are familiar with each other, but speak respectfully so they’ll use Polite Hindi. |
| Ryan: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Mala: नमस्ते मौसी. आज आप इतनी जल्दी कैसे आ गयी? |
| Radha: हाँ आज मेरी बेटी के स्कूल तक जल्दी जाना था न, तभी इतनी जल्दी पहुँची हूँ| |
| Mala: आपकी बेटी की स्कूल पास में है क्या? |
| Radha: हाँ इधर ही तो है, पुलिस चौकी के नज़दीक| उसको आज सवेरे सवेरे पहुँचना था| |
| Mala: इतने सवेरे क्यूँ? |
| Radha: उसके स्कूल में स्वतंत्रता दिवस की फंक्शन है अगले हफ्ते, और उसको नाटक में लक्ष्मीबाई का किरदार निभाना है| आज पहली बार पूरे अभ्यास के लिए गयी है| |
| Mala: आप स्कूल के लिए भी मदद करती हैं, इतने घरों में काम करती हैं, और अपने परिवार का देखभाल भी करती हैं! इतनी फुर्ती कहाँ से लाती हैं? |
| Radha: करना पड़ता है, वरना यह पढ़ेगी कैसे| |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Mala: नमस्ते मौसी. आज आप इतनी जल्दी कैसे आ गयी? |
| Radha: हाँ आज मेरी बेटी के स्कूल तक जल्दी जाना था न, तभी इतनी जल्दी पहुँची हूँ| |
| Mala: आपकी बेटी की स्कूल पास में है क्या? |
| Radha: हाँ इधर ही तो है, पुलिस चौकी के नज़दीक| उसको आज सवेरे सवेरे पहुँचना था| |
| Mala: इतने सवेरे क्यूँ? |
| Radha: उसके स्कूल में स्वतंत्रता दिवस की फंक्शन है अगले हफ्ते, और उसको नाटक में लक्ष्मीबाई का किरदार निभाना है| आज पहली बार पूरे अभ्यास के लिए गयी है| |
| Mala: आप स्कूल के लिए भी मदद करती हैं, इतने घरों में काम करती हैं, और अपने परिवार का देखभाल भी करती हैं! इतनी फुर्ती कहाँ से लाती हैं? |
| Radha: करना पड़ता है, वरना यह पढ़ेगी कैसे| |
| Ryan: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: नमस्ते मौसी. आज आप इतनी जल्दी कैसे आ गयी? |
| Ryan: Good morning, Mausi. Why are you so early today? |
| B: हाँ आज मेरी बेटी के स्कूल तक जल्दी जाना था न, तभी इतनी जल्दी पहुँची हूँ| |
| Ryan: Yes, I had to go to my daughter's school early today; that's why I've arrived here early. |
| A: आपकी बेटी की स्कूल पास में है क्या? |
| Ryan: Is your daughter's school nearby? |
| B: हाँ इधर ही तो है, पुलिस चौकी के नज़दीक| उसको आज सवेरे सवेरे पहुँचना था| |
| Ryan: Yes, it's right there, near the police station. She had to arrive early this morning. |
| A: इतने सवेरे क्यूँ? |
| Ryan: Why so early? |
| B: उसके स्कूल में स्वतंत्रता दिवस की फंक्शन है अगले हफ्ते, और उसको नाटक में लक्ष्मीबाई का किरदार निभाना है| आज पहली बार पूरे अभ्यास के लिए गयी है| |
| Ryan: They're putting together a show for Independence Day celebrations next week, and she'll be playing the role of Laxmibai in that. Today she had the first full rehearsal. |
| A: आप स्कूल के लिए भी मदद करती हैं, इतने घरों में काम करती हैं, और अपने परिवार का देखभाल भी करती हैं! इतनी फुर्ती कहाँ से लाती हैं? |
| Ryan: You help her with schoolwork, work in so many homes, and also take care of your entire family! How do you have so much energy? |
| B: करना पड़ता है, वरना यह पढ़ेगी कैसे| |
| Ryan: I have to, or else how will she get to study? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ryan: In the conversation, we had Radhaa, who’s a housekeeper. It’s quite common to find a housekeeper at someone’s house in India. |
| Ayesha: Yes, there’s an old tradition of having regular daily workers in every middle class home, usually women. Most households can't function without the work housekeepers do on a daily basis. |
| Ryan: In India, families are still relatively large, so someone needs to take time to cook for everyone. |
| Ayesha: In Hindi, the word often used is "kaamvaaLii", which literally means “female worker,” but sometimes people also say "NaukraaNii" or "Naukar", for “servant.” But in some parts of the country, especially Mumbai, the women are called "baaii". And in many families, they're given other names such as "mauSii", which means “aunt,” or "DiiDii", which means“sister.” |
| Ryan: Good to know. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Now, let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: पुलिस चौकी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: police station |
| Ayesha: पुलिस चौकी [slowly - broken down by syllable] पुलिस चौकी [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: नज़दीक [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: near, nearby |
| Ayesha: नज़दीक [slowly - broken down by syllable] नज़दीक [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: स्वतंत्रता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: independence |
| Ayesha: स्वतंत्रता [slowly - broken down by syllable] स्वतंत्रता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: दिवस [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: celebration, day |
| Ayesha: दिवस [slowly - broken down by syllable] दिवस [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: नाटक [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: play, theater |
| Ayesha: नाटक [slowly - broken down by syllable] नाटक [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one... |
| Ayesha: किरदार [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: role, character |
| Ayesha: किरदार [slowly - broken down by syllable] किरदार [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: निभाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to portray |
| Ayesha: निभाना [slowly - broken down by syllable] निभाना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: अभ्यास [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: practice, exercise, drill |
| Ayesha: अभ्यास [slowly - broken down by syllable] अभ्यास [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: देखभाल [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: caretaking |
| Ayesha: देखभाल [slowly - broken down by syllable] देखभाल [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: फुर्ती [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: energy, agility |
| Ayesha: फुर्ती [slowly - broken down by syllable] फुर्ती [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ryan: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is "DekhbhaaL", a noun that means “caretaking.” |
| Ryan: That’s right. It includes the full range of actions of taking care and looking after someone. |
| Ayesha: Yes, and this is used with the verb "karNaa", which means “to do.” "DekhbhaaL karNaa" means “to take full care” of someone or something. |
| Ryan: Let’s go on to the next word. |
| Ayesha: It's "NibhaaNaa", which is a verb. |
| Ryan: It roughly means “to fulfill” and is used for very specific situations. One is for talking about fulfilling promises. |
| Ayesha: So "vaaDaa NibhaaNaa" means “to keep a promise.” |
| Ryan: The other use is for fulfilling the requirements of a role, such as in a play or movie. |
| Ayesha: "cariTra NibhaaNaa" or "bhumikaa NibhaaNaa" means “to play a role” in a play or movie. Okay, let’s talk about the next word which is related — "Naatak". "Naatak" is a noun meaning “drama” or “a play” in theaters. |
| Ryan: That’s the literal and original meaning, but in everyday language it's also used as “drama”— as in people being dramatic in regular situations, or putting on a show. |
| Ayesha: Right, so "Naatak mein bhaag LeNaa" means “to take part in a play” or “to do a play,” but if you say "Naatak karNaa" this can be understood as “to be very dramatic,” “to put on a show,” or even “to pretend.” |
| Ryan: Now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ryan: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use repetition in nouns and adjectives in Hindi. |
| Ayesha: This is a trick for creating a more nuanced meaning from the original word, and we’ll look at how this works. |
| Ryan: Repetition is used with nouns and adjectives. One word is said twice to enhance the meaning, and there are general patterns to follow for this. |
| Ayesha: Let’s start with nouns. When nouns are repeated, they become an adjective added to the noun. |
| Ryan: Yes, when the word is said twice, it adds character to the noun. Let’s take the example we heard in the conversation earlier. |
| Ayesha: We heard "Savere Savere". "Saveraa" on its own means “morning,” but when you say it twice, it means “early morning.” |
| Ryan: There's another way you can use this with nouns. This is where saying the noun twice gives the meaning of "every [Noun].” |
| Ayesha: Right, for example if we say "ped ped", it means “every tree” or “most trees.” So we can say "ped ped par jhuuLaa Lagaa hai". This means, “There are swings hanging from all the trees.” |
| Ryan: This works for nouns that refer to countable whole objects, and not things like “water.” |
| Ayesha: Right. For example, "paaNii" means “water,” and "paaNii paaNii" means “watery” or “liquified.” |
| Ryan: So in this case, doubling the noun emphasizes a certain quality of the noun. One thing to keep in mind, listeners, is that this doesn't work with every noun, and since this is a colloquial tradition, it’s just something you learn through use. |
| Ayesha: Right, so while it’s normal to say "ghar ghar" to mean “every house,” it’s less common to say "juuTaa juuTaa" to mean "every shoe". |
| Ryan: With adjectives as well, there are two different ways of using repetition. The first is where the repetition of the adjective creates an adverb. |
| Ayesha: For example, "DHiire" means “slow” or “soft,” and "DHiire DHiire" means “slowly” or “quietly.” And "khusii" is “happy,” so "khusii khusii" means “happily.” |
| Ryan: The other use is to make the adjective apply to multiple nouns and show variety. |
| Ayesha: For example, "SuNDar" means “pretty.” If you say "SuNDar SuNDar phuuL", it means “many kinds of pretty flowers,” where "SuNDar SuNDar" means “many pretty and many kinds,” combined. |
Outro |
| Ryan: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. Thank you for listening! |
| Ryan: Till next time, bye! |
| Ayesha: sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
Comments
Hide