Learn how to use the special polite suggestive form
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Ryan: And I'm Ryan. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 25: How Can You Keep Your Plants Alive in India? In this last lesson of the series, you’ll learn how to conjugate verbs to give advice. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place at a gathering. |
| Ryan: The speakers are Sunita and Meera. |
| Ayesha: They’re family friends who know each other socially. Since Meera is younger than Sunita, she’ll be using Polite Hindi, and Sunita will be using Familiar Hindi. |
| Ryan: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Sunita: मीरा तुम तो पौधों से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ़ हो| ज़रा मुझे सला दो। |
| Meera: जी, आप पौधें रख रहे हैं? |
| Sunita: एक-दो महीना हुआ बस। एक बड़ा सा गुलाब का पौधा है। हम उसे बाहर रखें कि अंदर? |
| Meera: बाहर रखें तो बेहतर है। |
| Sunita: अच्छा तो घर में ही रखना है ऐसा कुछ नहीं है? |
| Meera: नहीं ऐसी कोइ आवश्यकता नहीं है। |
| Sunita: और साथ में एक जरेनियम का पेड़ भी है, जो कुछ सूख गया है। उसे दोबारा ताज़ा कैसे बनाए? |
| Meera: पहले तो सही मात्रा में वक्त पे पानी डालें, और मिट्टी को एकबार पूरा खोदकर मिला दे - यह सब कर सकते हैं। |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Sunita: मीरा तुम तो पौधों से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ़ हो| ज़रा मुझे सला दो। |
| Meera: जी, आप पौधें रख रहे हैं? |
| Sunita: एक-दो महीना हुआ बस। एक बड़ा सा गुलाब का पौधा है। हम उसे बाहर रखें कि अंदर? |
| Meera: बाहर रखें तो बेहतर है। |
| Sunita: अच्छा तो घर में ही रखना है ऐसा कुछ नहीं है? |
| Meera: नहीं ऐसी कोइ आवश्यकता नहीं है। |
| Sunita: और साथ में एक जरेनियम का पेड़ भी है, जो कुछ सूख गया है। उसे दोबारा ताज़ा कैसे बनाए? |
| Meera: पहले तो सही मात्रा में वक्त पे पानी डालें, और मिट्टी को एकबार पूरा खोदकर मिला दे - यह सब कर सकते हैं। |
| Ryan: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: मीरा तुम तो पौधों से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ़ हो| ज़रा मुझे सला दो। |
| Ryan: Meera, you know plants well; please advise me. |
| B: जी, आप पौधें रख रहे हैं? |
| Ryan: Sure, you're growing plants? |
| A: एक-दो महीना हुआ बस। एक बड़ा सा गुलाब का पौधा है। हम उसे बाहर रखें कि अंदर? |
| Ryan: It's just been a month or two. There's a big rose plant. Should we keep it outside or indoors? |
| B: बाहर रखें तो बेहतर है। |
| Ryan: It's better if you keep it outside. |
| A: अच्छा तो घर में ही रखना है ऐसा कुछ नहीं है? |
| Ryan: Oh, okay so it's not as though it has to be kept indoors? |
| B: नहीं ऐसी कोइ आवश्यकता नहीं है। |
| Ryan: No, there's no such requirement. |
| A: और साथ में एक जरेनियम का पेड़ भी है, जो कुछ सूख गया है। उसे दोबारा ताज़ा कैसे बनाए? |
| Ryan: Also, there's a geranium plant too, which has gotten dry. How do we make it come alive and be fresh again? |
| B: पहले तो सही मात्रा में वक्त पे पानी डालें, और मिट्टी को एकबार पूरा खोदकर मिला दे - यह सब कर सकते हैं। |
| Ryan: First, you should water it the right amount at the right time, and then you should dig up and mix the soil; you can do these things. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Let’s talk a little about gardens in Indian homes! Because of the climate and tradition, many people grow plants and keep gardens in their homes. |
| Ryan: And.. bigger houses have big gardens, and most people employ gardeners to look after the plants and water them daily. People with more space also have fruit trees in their gardens, like mango, lychee, and jackfruit. |
| Ayesha: The gardener, MaaLii, looks after all of it. He grows the plants, trims the grass and hedges, and waters everything. |
| Ryan: This is less and less possible nowadays in cities, but in smaller towns and more rural areas, this is still the case. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Now, let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: वाकिफ़ [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: familiar with |
| Ayesha: वाकिफ़ [slowly - broken down by syllable] वाकिफ़ [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: सला [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: advice, suggestion, recommendation |
| Ayesha: सला [slowly - broken down by syllable] सला [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: गुलाब [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: rose |
| Ayesha: गुलाब [slowly - broken down by syllable] गुलाब [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: अन्दर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: inside |
| Ayesha: अन्दर [slowly - broken down by syllable] अन्दर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: बेहतर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: better, preferable |
| Ayesha: बेहतर [slowly - broken down by syllable] बेहतर [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: आवश्यकता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: necessity, requirement |
| Ayesha: आवश्यकता [slowly - broken down by syllable] आवश्यकता [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: ताज़ा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: fresh |
| Ayesha: ताज़ा [slowly - broken down by syllable] ताज़ा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next word is... |
| Ayesha: सही [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: correct, right |
| Ayesha: सही [slowly - broken down by syllable] सही [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: मात्रा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: amount, quantity |
| Ayesha: मात्रा [slowly - broken down by syllable] मात्रा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: तोड़ना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to break |
| Ayesha: तोड़ना [slowly - broken down by syllable] तोड़ना [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ryan: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is "vaakif", which means “familiar.” This is originally an Urdu word, but is largely used and spoken in Hindi in India. |
| Ryan: That’s right. The common Hindi of today is a mix of Urdu and Hindi, but it’s written in the Hindi script. |
| Ayesha: "vaakif" is used most commonly with the verb "hoNaa", meaning “to be.” Together it means “to be familiar.” For example, "main iSSe vaakif Nahiin huun". |
| Ryan: Meaning, “I’m not familiar with it.” |
| Ayesha: The other verb commonly used with it is "karaaNaa", so that "vaakif karaaNaa" means... |
| Ryan: ...“to introduce” or “to familiarize.” |
| Ayesha: The next word is "aavasyakTaa". |
| Ryan: Which means “need” or “necessity.” |
| Ayesha: This is a synonym of "zaruuraT", which you might hear used more commonly. |
| Ryan: This is a female noun in Hindi, so if we want to say “a need for this” in Hindi, it’s... |
| Ayesha: "iS kii aavasyakTaa". The adjective for “needed” or “necessary” is "aavasyak", and the noun is derived from this. The next word is the adjective "Taazaa", meaning “fresh.” The feminine form is "Taazii" and the inflected or plural form is "Taaze". |
| Ryan: This is commonly used to describe objects like fruits or vegetables. |
| Ayesha: "Taaze phaL" is “fresh fruits” and "Taazii Sabziyaan" is “fresh vegetables.” |
| Ryan: You also use this to describe new things that aren't classically described as fresh, such as “news.” |
| Ayesha: Right. "Taazaa khabar" means “hot news” or “breaking news.” |
| Ryan: Now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ryan: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the special verb tense used for polite suggestions. This is a variation on the imperative form of verbs that we learned earlier. The imperative form is used to give directions and orders, or in their milder forms to make requests. |
| Ayesha: This is the "karen form", which is made by adding -en to the verb root. For example, "hoNaa" changes to "hoen". |
| Ryan: That’s right. And if the verb root ends in a consonant... |
| Ayesha: ...then the -en is just attached to the consonant. For example, "DekhNaa" changes to "Dekhen". |
| Ryan: And it works the same way with all verbs. |
| Ayesha: Yes. So "aaNaa", meaning “to come,” becomes "aaen". "LikhNaa", meaning “to write,” changes to "Likehen". To compare, the regular imperative forms in the Polite level are "Dekhie", "aaie", and "Likhie", which you use when you’re giving polite directions. |
| Ryan: Right. So how would we use them in sentences? |
| Ayesha: Well, "aage Dekhie" means “Look ahead,” and "jaLDii aaie" means “come quickly.” |
| Ryan: These are very polite ways of stating an order, so it’s like saying “Please look ahead,” or “Please come quickly.” |
| Ayesha: On the other hand, with the suggestive form, verbs are most often used to advise people on how to do things. So you’d say, "Duur Se hii Dekhen", which means, “You should look from a distance,” or "Saare kaagaz Lekar aaen", meaning “You should come with all the papers.” |
| Ryan: You see this form in cooking shows on TV a lot, and you’ll hear the chef on the show using it. |
| Ayesha: Yes, you’ll hear sentences like, "TeL ko garam karen aur uSme kate hue Sabziyaan daalen". |
| Ryan: Meaning, “You’ll want to heat the oil, and put in the chopped vegetables.” |
| Ayesha: The suggestive form is used in this situation because the chef doesn't want to give orders to the viewer. |
| Ryan: This form is also used to make requests in a polite, indirect way. For example, if you want to ask a guest to come at a later time, in English you can state your request apologetically by saying, “It’d be better if you came later,” or “I’d appreciate it if you came after tea time.” |
| Ayesha: In situations like that, you use the "karen form" as well, with the phrase "To bahTar hai", which means “it’s better if.” For example, to ask the guest to come later you’d say "aap Der Se aaen To bahTar hai". |
| Ryan: Literally, it means, “It’s better if you come later,” but it’s obvious that we want to say “it’s better for me.” |
| Ayesha: It’s like saying, “I’d prefer it if you could come at a later time.” |
Outro |
| Ryan: That’s right! Well that’s all we have for this lesson, and for this series. Let us know your answer on HindiPod101.com. In the mean time, thanks for listening, and we’ll see you again in another series. Bye! |
| Ayesha: sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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