Learn how to use correlative pronouns in Hindi
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Hello, I'm Brandon and welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 7: How Do You Set up an Indian Bank Account? |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn about using correlative pronouns, which are only used in Hindi. This conversation takes place inside a bank. |
| Ayesha: The speakers are a customer and a teller at the bank. |
| Brandon: Since they have a customer-salesperson relationship, they'll be using polite Hindi. Okay, let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Customer: नमस्ते। हम नया खाता खोलने अाए हैं। |
| Bank Teller: अाप के साथ ऐसा कोइ है जिनकी यहाँ खाता पहले से है? |
| Customer: हाँ मेरी माँ है साथ में। यह रहा उनका बैंक बुक। |
| Bank Teller: अच्छा। तो अब यह फॉर्म अाप भर लीजिए। अाप वहाँ टेबल पर लिख सकतीं हैं। |
| Customer: अच्छा। हो जाए तो कहाँ जमा करना है? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ वापस ले अाइएगा। लेकिन साथ में अापको लीगल पेपर पे एक अनुरोध पत्र भी लिखकर जमा करना होगा। है क्या अापके पास? |
| Customer: नहीं, कहाँ से लेना है? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ से बाहर जाके दायेँ में चार बिल्डिंग बाद, लाल रंग के इमारत के दूसरे माले पर पूछिए। वहाँ बीस रुपये में मिल जाएगी। |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Customer: नमस्ते। हम नया खाता खोलने अाए हैं। |
| Bank Teller: अाप के साथ ऐसा कोइ है जिनकी यहाँ खाता पहले से है? |
| Customer: हाँ मेरी माँ है साथ में। यह रहा उनका बैंक बुक। |
| Bank Teller: अच्छा। तो अब यह फॉर्म अाप भर लीजिए। अाप वहाँ टेबल पर लिख सकतीं हैं। |
| Customer: अच्छा। हो जाए तो कहाँ जमा करना है? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ वापस ले अाइएगा। लेकिन साथ में अापको लीगल पेपर पे एक अनुरोध पत्र भी लिखकर जमा करना होगा। है क्या अापके पास? |
| Customer: नहीं, कहाँ से लेना है? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ से बाहर जाके दायेँ में चार बिल्डिंग बाद, लाल रंग के इमारत के दूसरे माले पर पूछिए। वहाँ बीस रुपये में मिल जाएगी। |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Customer: नमस्ते। हम नया खाता खोलने अाए हैं। |
| Brandon: Hello. We're here to open a new account. |
| Bank Teller: अाप के साथ ऐसा कोइ है जिनकी यहाँ खाता पहले से है? |
| Brandon: Is there someone with you who has an account at this bank? |
| Customer: हाँ मेरी माँ है साथ में। यह रहा उनका बैंक बुक। |
| Brandon: Yes, my mother is with me. This is her bank book. |
| Bank Teller: अच्छा। तो अब यह फॉर्म अाप भर लीजिए। अाप वहाँ टेबल पर लिख सकतीं हैं। |
| Brandon: Alright. Then please fill in this form. You can use the table over there for writing. |
| Customer: अच्छा। हो जाए तो कहाँ जमा करना है? |
| Brandon: Okay. Where do I have to submit it once it's complete? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ वापस ले अाइएगा। लेकिन साथ में अापको लीगल पेपर पे एक अनुरोध पत्र भी लिखकर जमा करना होगा। है क्या अापके पास? |
| Brandon: Please bring it back here. But with that you also have to submit a request letter on legal paper. Do you have this? |
| Customer: नहीं, कहाँ से लेना है? |
| Brandon: No, where can I get it? |
| Bank Teller: यहाँ से बाहर जाके दायेँ में चार बिल्डिंग बाद, लाल रंग के इमारत के दूसरे माले पर पूछिए। वहाँ बीस रुपये में मिल जाएगी। |
| Brandon: You can ask for it on the second floor of a red building located four buildings away from this one, on the right side after you exit from here. You can get a sheet for twenty rupees. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Since we heard a conversation about banks and bank accounts, let’s talk about money for a bit. |
| Ayesha: That’s a good idea! The Indian currency is Rupees, which is rupaiya in Hindi. And coins are paiSaa in the singular and paiSe in the plural. |
| Brandon: Coins carry the faces of famous Indians such as Mahatma Gandhi, or national symbols. |
| Ayesha: Yes, but people also refer to “money” as a whole as paiSe, and people often say “Note” colloquially, to mean “a bill.” |
| Brandon: What’s are people’s attitudes towards money in India? |
| Ayesha: Well, this may seem strange outside of the Indian context, but money is worshipped in Hinduism—of course not directly, but through the Goddess Lakshmi, who is the goddess of wealth. |
| Brandon: I see, but it’s not because greed is valued. The idea is that wealth is a gift from the gods. |
| Ayesha: Right, so let’s say you're a businessman and someone who deals directly with money on a daily basis. Even though you should save money when you can, it's not something you should horde. |
| Brandon: Wealth is fickle, and the Hindu belief is generally that one day you may be wealthy but you may lose it all the next day. That's life. Okay, now on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: खाता [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: account, book, notebook |
| Ayesha: खाता [slowly - broken down by syllable] खाता [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: खोलना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to open |
| Ayesha: खोलना [slowly - broken down by syllable] खोलना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: भरना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to fill (intransitive), to fill in, (transitive) |
| Ayesha: भरना [slowly - broken down by syllable] भरना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: जमा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: submission |
| Ayesha: जमा [slowly - broken down by syllable] जमा [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: लिखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to write |
| Ayesha: लिखना [slowly - broken down by syllable] लिखना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: अनुरोध [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: request, recommendation |
| Ayesha: अनुरोध [slowly - broken down by syllable] अनुरोध [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Ayesha: पत्र [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: letter, note |
| Ayesha: पत्र [slowly - broken down by syllable] पत्र [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: बाहर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: outside |
| Ayesha: बाहर [slowly - broken down by syllable] बाहर [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: इमारत [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: building, building structure |
| Ayesha: इमारत [slowly - broken down by syllable] इमारत [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And our last word is... |
| Ayesha: पूछना [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to ask |
| Ayesha: पूछना [slowly - broken down by syllable] पूछना [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is bharNaa. This verb means “to fill” or “to fill up." |
| Brandon: This is a special word because it's both transitive and intransitive. |
| Ayesha: bharNaa can be used to say, “I was filled with anger,” and also “I filled the pot with pebbles.” |
| Brandon: The other special property is that the subject can be switched simply with particles. |
| Ayesha: The placement of the particles में (mein) for "in," and से (Se) for "from" or "with," decides the subject in the sentence. |
| Brandon: Since the verb has to be conjugated in relation to the subject, it's important to know which word is the subject. You can see the difference in the sentence: "The garden is filled with flowers." |
| Ayesha: In the first instance, if we use the particle mein, which means “in,” then the subject is the “flowers”—the thing that fills the garden. We get the sentence: बगीचे में फूल भरे हैं| (bagiice mein phuuL bhare hain). |
| Brandon: Since the flowers are the subject, the verb conjugation is in the plural form. If we switch to the other particle... |
| Ayesha: Se, which means “from” or “with...” |
| Brandon: ...then the “garden” becomes the subject. We get the sentence... |
| Ayesha: बगीचा फूलों से भरा है| (bagiicaa phuuLon Se bharaa hai.) |
| Brandon: Here the verb is conjugated to a singular masculine form to match the garden. Okay, let’s look at the next word, which is... |
| Ayesha: jamaa. |
| Brandon: It’s a noun as well as a participle. As a noun it means “submission,” such as in the submission of forms or applications. |
| Ayesha: This is combined with the verb karNaa, which means “to do,” to get the verb phrase jamaa karNaa, meaning “to submit” or “to hand in.” |
| Brandon: And as a participle, it means “gathered” or “collected.” Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn about relative and correlative pronouns in Hindi. In Hindi, there are relative pronouns that are not used in English, but they form a pair with correlative pronouns. The relative pronoun sets up the context with the description, which applies to the correlative pronoun. For example, let’s look at the sentence, “The girl with the long black hair, she’s my friend.” This is a strange sentence in English. |
| Ayesha: But in Hindi the relative pronoun is “the girl who” and the description is that she has “long black hair.” The correlative pronoun is “she.” In the same sentence in Hindi, the relative pronoun would be jo and the correlative pronoun “she,” would be vah or vo. |
| Brandon: Here's another example. |
| Ayesha: jo aaDmii yahaan aaenge, uNhe yah citthii De DeNaa. |
| Brandon: This means, “Please give this letter to the man who will come here.” |
| Ayesha: The relative pronoun sets up the context. jo aaDmii yahaan aaenge means “the man who will come here.” jo aaDmii means “the man who,” and without this relative pronoun the sentence can’t be combined. |
| Brandon: The correlative pronoun explains the context of the man. |
| Ayesha: uNhe yah citthii De DeNaa means “please give this letter to him.” |
| Brandon: We’ve learned correlative pronouns as a part of regular use in Hindi. You can find the relative pronouns in each category of pronoun and question word. |
| Ayesha: The relative pronoun starts with the ja sound, and the question word in the same category usually starts with the ka sound. |
| Brandon: Let’s review all of the pronouns with their different forms. The first is “who.” |
| Ayesha: The question word is kauN, and relative pronoun is jo. The correlative pronoun is vah or vo, which means “he, she, or that,” or yah which means “he, she, or this.” |
| Brandon: The oblique forms of these pronouns also respond to the same relative pronoun. |
| Ayesha: You can have sentences with the pairs jo...uSNe and jo...uSko. kiSkaa and kiNkaa are familiar and polite ways of saying “whose.” The pronouns that go in this group are jiSkaa with iSkaa and uSkaa, and iNkaa with iNkaa and uNkaa. The correlative pronouns are almost the same, but iSkaa and iNkaa are used with short distances, and uSkaa and uNkaa are for objects far away. |
| Brandon: The next pronoun is “where.” |
| Ayesha: The question word is kahaan, and the relative pronoun is jahaan. The correlative pronouns for this are yahaan, which means “here,” and vahaan which means “there.” |
| Brandon: A more colloquial group in the same category is... |
| Ayesha: ...kiDHar... |
| Brandon: ...which also means “where”, but is more casual. |
| Ayesha: The relative pronoun is jiDHar, and the relative pronouns are iDHar, meaning “here,” and uDHar meaning “there.” |
| Brandon: The next one is “when.” |
| Ayesha: The question word is kab and the relative pronoun is jab. The correlative pronoun is Tab, which means “then.” |
| Brandon: You can use these to say, “When you reach home, give me a call.” |
| Ayesha: jab Tum ghar pahunco, Tab mujhe ek phoN karNaa. |
| The second part translates to “give me a call then,” which is Tab mujhe ek phoN karNaa. |
| Brandon: Finally, the last one is “how.” |
| Ayesha: The question word is kaiSe, and the relative pronoun is jaiSe. The correlative pronouns are aiSe, which means “like this,” and vaiSe which means “like that.” |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well, that's all for our lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Ayesha: Sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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