The Focus of this Lesson is How to Use the Word कैसे kaiSe Meaning "how" in Hindi.
आप कैसे हैं?
aap kaiSe hain?
"How are you?"

kaiSe means "how" in Hindi. There are three forms of the word: the subject determines which is used. For example, if the subject is feminine then the word will be kaiSii, if it is male, the word will be kaiSaa, but if it is in the plural or requires respect (when addressing an elder) then the word kaiSe will be used.

For example, DarD is a masculine word in Hindi, so kaiSaa will be used. When using formal Hindi, kaiSe goes with aap.

For example:

1. अब पैर का दर्द कैसा है?
   Ab pair ka DarD kaiSaa hai
   "How is the pain in your leg now?"
2. आप कैसे गिरे?
   aap kaiSe gire?
   "How did you fall?"

As a general rule, kaiSe comes right between the subject (or object in the passive voice) and the verb in a question and exclamation, thus:

[subject/object] kaiSe [verb]

For example:

1. आप दोनों कैसे मिले?
   aap DoNon kaiSe miLe?
   "How did you two meet?" [active]
2. ये दवाई कैसे लेनी चाहिए?
   ye Davaaii kaiSe LeNii chaahiye
   "How should this medicine be taken?" [passive]

Another specific use of the word is in asking about liking. In common speech we say kaiSi Lagii? Literally, it sounds like "How did it feel?" or "How did you find it?" but actually the meaning is "Do you like it?"

Another use of kaiSe to say "by whatever means" : kaiSe bhii karke - "in whatever manner," "somehow"

For example:

kaiSe bhii karke mujhe ghar jaaNaa hai - "I have to get home somehow."

दवाई लेना Davaai LeNaa means "to have medicine. Davaaii is medicine, and in Hindi LeNaa is the verb associated with consuming it. This is true for liquid or pills, whether they are eaten or drunk.

For example:

main Davaii LeNaa bhuuL gayii - "I forgot to have my medicine."
Ne vakT pe Davaii  Lii THii? - "Did you have your medicine on time?"

दर्द DarD means "pain" and is a noun. It means "pain" both literally and figuratively. It is combined with parts of the body to describe different pains, such as piith kaa DarD meaning "back pain" and pet mein DarD meaning "stomach pain." It is different from "ache" which is the verb, DookNaa. When there is an injury or wound DarD is used, not DookNaa. However the exception is Sar DarD meaning "headache," where DarD is used.

For example:
haaTH ke cot kaa DarD kam huaa? - "Has the pain from your arm injury lessened?"
uNke DiL kaa DarD bad rahaa hai - "His heart pain is getting worse."

नहाना NahaaNaa means "to shower." It is used for any act of washing yourself or others, fully. It is commonly associated with "showering" in Hindi, but also used for "taking a bath" without elaborating. It is sometimes used with DHoNaa which means "to clean," to suggest cleaning oneself.

For example:

1. आप नहा धोके आ जाओ.
   aap Nahaa DHoke aa jao.
   "Go ahead and shower, clean up, and then come."
2. वह अभी नहा रहे है. vo abhii Nahaa rahe hain
   "He/She is in the shower right now."

Medicinal Practices

Generally, hospital and medicinal terms in India are known by their English names to the average person, but there is also an alternative branch of traditional medicine known as Ayurveda (pronounced aayurveDaa) based on the knowledge of natural herbs, spices and processes. Ayurveda is an ancient stream of medicine, passed down through generation after generation of traditional doctors, which encompasses a vast knowledge of herbal medicines and combinations, but also other practices used to treat ailments that are unknown to modern medicine. Ayurveda has seen a revival in the past three decades due to emerging evidence showing benefits from the practices, previously discarded as mere primitive rituals.